bonmuneuro idong

IBM

wikibaeggwa, uri moduyi baeggwasajeon.
dareun ddeuse daehaeseoneun IBM (dongeumiyi) munseoreul camgohasibsio.
gugjesamugigihoesa
International Business Machines Corporation
IBM bonsa saog(nyuyog si maediseun daero 590beonji)
hyeongtaejusighoesa
cangrib1911nyeon 6weol 16il
cangribjatomeoseu J. wasseun
calseu R. peulrinteu
ISINUS4592001014
sijang jeongbonyuyog: IBM
dau jonseu saneobpyeonggyunjisu
S&P 100 guseong yoso
S&P 500 guseongyoso
saneob bunyakeompyuteo hadeuweeo
keompyuteo sopeuteuweeo
AI
keulraudeu keompyuting
seobiseujeongbogisul, keonseoltingeob
jeonsinjeonsanjepyogiroghoesa
bonsa sojaejinyuyogju amongkeu
haegsim inmul
areubindeu keurisyuna (CEO)
jepumkeulraudeu seobiseu, beulrogcein, gieob boan, ITinpeura, wasseun igseupeulroreo, samulinteones, hyeobeob solrusyeon
maeculaeg 778eog 7,000man dalreo (2020)
yeongeobiig
 132eog 1,000man dalreo (2020)
55eog 3,000man dalreo (2020)
jasancongaeg 1,559eog 7,000man dalreo (2020)
jongeobweon su
345,900myeong (2020nyeon)[1]
jabongeum 207eog 3,000man dalreo (2020)
websaiteuwww.ibm.com

gugje samugigi hoesa(Guo Ji Shi Wu Ji Qi Hui She , International Business Machines Corporation; IBM)[2]neun nyuyog amongkeue bonsareul dugo isseumyeo 175gaegug isange jinculhae issneun migugyi dagugjeog gisul hoesaida. byeolcingeun big beulru(Big Blue)ida. IBMeun 12gaeguge 19gae yeongu siseoleul boyuhan segye coedaeyi saneob yeongu gigwaneuro, 1993nyeonbuteo 2021nyeonggaji 29nyeon yeonsog gieobi cangculhan yeongan migug teugheo coeda girogeul boyuhago issda.[3][4][5]

IBMeun 1911nyeon girog gwanri mic ceugjeong siseutem jejoeobceyi jiju hoesain jeonsanjepyogiroghoesa(CTR, Computing-Tablating-Recording Company)ro seolribdoeeossda. 1924nyeone "International Business Machines"ro ireumi baggwieossgo god peonci kadeu dopyo jagseong siseutemyi seondu jejoeobcega doeeossda. 1960nyeondaewa 1970nyeondaee siseutem/360euro daepyodoeneun IBM meinpeureimeun migug nae keompyuteoyi 80%, jeon segye keompyuteoyi 70%reul saengsanhaneun segye coegoyi keompyuting peulraespomieossda.[6]

IBMeun 1980nyeondaee IBM PCreul tonghae maikeurokeompyuteo sijange jinculhaessda. IBM PCneun god IBMyi beseuteuselreo jepum jung hanain PCro alryeojige doeeossda. IBMyi tongcalryeog bujogeuro inhae[7][8] PCneun jisig jaesangweonbeobe yihae jedaero bohodoeji anhassda. gyeolgwajeogeuro IBMeun PC sijangeseo sinheung gyeongjaengjaege sijang jibaeryeogeul bbareuge ilhgi sijaghaesseumyeo dongsie PC peulraespomyi gaebangseongeun gajang ingi issneun maikeurokeompyuteo pyojuneuroseo PCyi sumyeongeul bojanghaessda.

1990nyeondaebuteo hoesaneun unyeongeul cugsohago sangpum saengsaneul jungdanhagi sijaghaesseumyeo, teughi 2005nyeone gaeinyong keompyuteo bumuneul renobeo geurube maegaghaessda. ihu IBMeun keompyuteo seobiseu, sopeuteuweeo, syupeokeompyuteo mic gwahag yeongue jibjunghae wassda. 2000nyeonbuteo dangsayi syupeokeompyuteoneun jisogjeogeuro segye coego sujuneuro pyeonggadoeeo wasseumyeo, 2001nyeoneneun 1nyeone 3,000gae isangyi teugheoreul saengseonghan coecoyi hoesaga doeeossda. ineun 2008nyeon 4,000gae isangyi teugheoro i girogeul ggaeddeurin geosida. 2022nyeon gijuneuro hoesaneun 150,000gaeyi teugheoreul boyuhago issda.[9]

segyeeseo gajang oraedoego gyumoga keun gisul gieob jung hanain IBMeun ATM(hyeongeum jadong ibculgeumgi), DRAM(dongjeog raendeom aegseseu memori), peulropi diseukeu, hadeu diseukeu deuraibeu, jagi seuteuraipeu kadeu, gwangyehyeong deiteobeiseu, SQL peurogeuraeming eoneo mic UPC bakodeu deung yeoreo gisul hyeogsineul damdanghae wassda. i hoesaneun gogeub keompyuteo cib, yangja keompyuting, ingong jineung mic deiteo inpeura bunyae jinculhaessda. IBM jigweongwa joleobsaengeun 6gaeyi nobelsanggwa 6gaeyi tyuringsangeul pohamhayeo gwahag yeongu mic balmyeonge daehan dayanghan pyocangeul badassda.[10]

IBMeun sangjang hoesaimyeo dau jonseu saneobpyeonggyunjisuyi 30gae hoesa jung hanaida. IBMeun 2022nyeon jeon segyejeogeuro 297,900myeong isangyi jigweoneul goyonghaneun segye coedae goyongju jung hanaida. gisul bumun naeeseoyi sangdaejeogin gamsoedo bulguhago IBMeun maecul gijuneuro 7beonjjaero keun gisul hoesaro nama isseumyeo, migugeseo jeonce maecul gijuneuro 67beonjjaero keun hoesaida. ddohan segyeeseo gajang injido issgo gaci issneun beuraendeu jung jisogjeogeuro sunwireul cajihago issda.[11]

yeogsa

[pyeonjib]
i bubunyi bonmuneun IBMyi yeogsaibnida.

IBMeun 19segi hubane gaebaldoego sangyonghwadoen yeoreo gisul hyeogsineseo sijagdoeeossda. julrieoseu E. piteuraebeun 1885nyeone keompyuting gyumoe daehan teugheoreul badassda. alregsandeo dei(Alexander Dey)ga daieol rekodeo(1888)reul balmyeonghaessda. heomeon holreoriseuneun jeongipyo jagseonggi(1889nyeon)e daehan teugheoreul badassda. wilreodeu beondineun geunrojayi docag mic culbal siganeul jongi teipeue giroghaneun taim keulreog(1889nyeon)eul balmyeonghaessda. 1911nyeon 6weol 16il, 4gae hoesaga calseu raenres peulrinteue yihae nyuyogjueseo habbyeongdoeeo nyuyog endikose bonsareul dun daseos beonjjae hoesain jeonsanjepyogiroghoesa(CTR, Computing-Tablating-Recording Company)ga tansaenghaessda. 5gae hoesaneun nyuyogju endikos(Endicott)gwa bingeomteon(Binghamton)e 1,300myeongyi jigweongwa samusil, gongjangeul dugo isseossda. (ohaioju deiteon, misiganju diteuroiteu, weosingteon D.C., kaenada toronto)[12]

jeoncejeogeuro du hoesaneun sangeobyong jeoulgwa saneobyong sigan giroggi, gogi mic cijeu seulraiseobuteo dopyo jagseonggi mic ceongong kadeue ireugiggaji dayanghan panmae mic imdaeyong gigyereul jejohaessda. tomeoseu J. wasseun sinieoneun jon henri paeteoseune yihae naesyeoneol kaesi rejiseuteo keompeonieseo haegodoeeossgo peulrinteureul bulreo 1914nyeon CTRe jarireul jeanhaessda. wasseuneun conggwal gwanrijaro CTRe habryuhaesseumyeo, 11gaeweol hu NCR jaejig gigangwa gwanryeondoen dogjeomgeumji sageoni haegyeoldoemyeonseo sajangi doeeossda. paeteoseunyi seongujeogin bijeuniseu gwanhaengeul baeun wasseuneun gyesoghaeseo CTR hoesae NCRyi dojangeul jjigeossda. geuneun "gwandae han panmae insentibeu, gogaeg seobiseue jungjeom, danjeonghago geomeun oseul ibeun panmaeweone daehan gojib, modeun jigweonege hoesa jabusimgwa cungseongsimeul simeojugiwihan bogeumjuyijeogin yeoljeong"iraneun panmae gwanryereul guhyeonhaessda. geuga gajang johahaneun seulrogeonin "THINK"neun gag hoesa jigweondeulyi manteuraga doeeossda. wasseunyi ceos 4nyeon dongan suigeun 900man dalreo(hyeonjae 1eog 5,800man dalreo)e ireureossgo hoesa unyeongeun yureob, nammi, asia mic hojuro hwagjangdoeeossda. wasseuneun seotureun haipeuneuro yeongyeoldoen ireumin "Computing-Tablating-Recording Company"reul gyeolko johahaji anhasseumyeo ijeone CTRyi kaenada buseo ireumeuro sayongdoeeossdeon boda gwangbeomwihan jemogin "International Business Machines"ro daecehagiro gyeoljeonghaessda. ireumeun 1924nyeon 2weol 14ile byeongyeongdoeeossda. 1933nyeonggaji daebubunyi jahoesaneun IBMiraneun hanayi hoesaro habbyeongdoeeossda.[13]

nacineun holreoriseu peonci kadeuwa alpabessun hoegye jangbireul gwangbeomwihage sayonghaesseumyeo IBMi coedae jibuneul soyuhan dogil jahoesain doici holreriseu maswinen(Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH, Dehomag)eun 1930nyeondae cobuteo i jangbireul gonggeubhaessda. i jangbineun jinhaeng jungin ingu josareul tonghae dogilgwa naci tongje hae issneun dareun guggayi simineul bunryuharyeoneun naciyi noryeoge maeu jungyohaessda. ireohan ingu josa deiteoneun yutaein mic gita pyojeog jibdanyi geomgeoreul cogjinhago gangje suyongso suyongeul pohamhayeo holrokoseuteu gigyereul tonghan ideulyi idongeul mogroghwahaneun de sayongdoeeossda. naci gangje suyongsoneun gyesan mic bunryu gigyereul pohamhan IBM gigyereul gajcun holreoriseu buseoreul unyeonghaessda.[14]

IBMeun 1943nyeon 8weolbuteo 5weol saie je2ca segyedaejeone sayongdoen M1 kabincongyi 6%(yag 346,500jeong)reul saengsanhaessda. IBMeun mingan panmaeyongeuro congeul saengsanhan jeogi eobseumyeo gunyongeuroman congeul saengsanhaessda.

IBMeun je2ca segye daejeon junge jeonja gigye keompyuteoin jadong sikweonseu jeeo gyesangireul jejaghaessda. IBMeun 1952nyeone coecoyi sangyong peurogeuraem jeojang keompyuteoin jingonggwan giban IBM 701eul culsihaessda. IBM 305 RAMACneun 1956nyeone hadeu diseukeu deuraibeureul culsihaessda. hoesaneun 1958nyeonbuteo 7000 mic 1400 sirijeureul tonghae teuraenjiseuteohyeong seolgyero jeonhwanhaessda.

1956nyeon nyuyoge issneun IBM pokibsi yeongusilyi aseo L. saemyueoli IBM 704reul peurogeuraeminghayeo cekeo geimbbunman anira jace gyeongheomeul tonghae "hagseub"hameurosseo ingong jineungyi ceos beonjjae silje saryereul siyeonhaessda. 1957nyeoneneun poteuran gwahag peurogeuraeming eoneoga gaebaldoeeossda. 1961nyeon IBMeun amerikan hanggongeul wihan SABRE yeyag siseutemeul gaebalhago keun seonggongeul geodun selregteurig tajagireul culsihaessda.

1963nyeone IBM jigweongwa keompyuteoneun NASAga suseong ujubihaengsayi gwedo bihaengeul cujeoghaneun de doumeul jueossda. 1nyeon hu, bonsareul nyuyogeseo nyuyog amongkeuro ijeonhaessda. 1960nyeondae hubanedo IBMeun 1965nyeon jemini bihaeng, 1966nyeon toseong bihaeng, 1969nyeon dal tamsae camyeohamyeonseo uju tamsa jiweoneul gyesoghaessda. IBMeun ddohan saeteon Vyi gyegi jangciwa apolro ujuseon yudo keompyuteoreul gaebal mic jejohaessda.

1964nyeon 4weol 7il, IBMeun coecoyi keompyuteo siseutem jepumgunin IBM siseutem/360eul culsihaessda. ineun daegyumoeseo sogyumoggaji jeonce beomwiyi sangeob mic gwahag eungyong peurogeuraemeul pogwalhameuro gieobeun eungyong peurogeuraemeul dasi jagseonghaji anhgodo ceoeumeuro deo ddwieonan keompyuting gineungeul gajcun modelro eobgeureideuhal su issda. geu dwireul ieo 1970nyeone IBM siseutem/370i culsidoeeossda. 360gwa 370eul hamgge sayonghamyeon IBM meinpeureimi i gigangwa 1980nyeondae cobanggaji eobgyeeseo jibaejeogin meinpeureim keompyuteoija jibaejeogin keompyuting peulraespomi doeeossda. ideulgwa ireul silhaenghaneun OS/VS1, MVS deungyi unyeong cejewa geu wie gucugdoen CICS teuraenjaegsyeon ceori moniteo deungyi mideulweeoneun i gigan dongan geoyi dogjeom sujunyi sijang jeomyuyuleul cajihaesseumyeo IBMi gajang jal alryeojin beuraendeuga doeeossda.[15]

1969nyeon migugeun IBMi beomyong jeonja dijiteol keompyuteo siseutem sijang, teughi eobmuyongeuro seolgyedoen keompyuteoreul dogjeomhageona dogjeomharyeo hayeo syeomeon bandogjeombeobeul wibanhaessdago jujanghaesseumyeo, ihu IBMi IBMyi dogjeomgeumjibeobeul wibanhaessdago jujanghaessda. imdae hoesa mic peulreogeu hohwan jubyeon jangci jejoeobcereul daesangeuro han joci. eolma jinaji anha IBMeun manheun gwancaljadeuli sosongyi jigjeobjeogin gyeolgwarago mideossdeon sopeuteuweeowa seobiseureul bunrihayeo sopeuteuweeoe daehan gyeongjaengjeogin sijangeul cangculhaessda. 1982nyeone beobmubuneun i sageoneul "gaci eobseum"euro gigaghaessda.[16]

ddohan 1969nyeone IBM enjinieoin poriseuteu paerineun sinyong/jigbul/ATM kadeu, unjeon myeonheojeung, gosog gyotong kadeu mic gita dayanghan ID mic aegseseu jeeo aepeulrikeisyeone neolri sayongdoeneun jagi seuteuraipeu kadeureul balmyeonghaessda. IBMeun ireohan kadeu jejoreul gaeceoghaesseumyeo 1970nyeondae daebubunyi gyeongu ireohan aepeulrikeisyeoneul wihan deiteo ceori siseutemgwa sopeuteuweeoneun IBM keompyuteoeseoman silhaengdoeeossda. 1974nyeon IBM enjinieo joji J. roreoneun beomyong sangpum buho(Universal Product Code)reul gaebalhaessda. IBMgwa segyeeunhaengeun 1981nyeon seuwab gyeyageul cegyeolhamyeonseo daejungege ceoeumeuro geumyung seuwabeul doibhaessda.[17] weonrae IBM 5150euro myeongmyeongdoen IBM PCneun 1981nyeone culsidoeeosseumyeo god eobgye pyojuni doeeossda.

1991nyeon IBMeun hoesareul deoug gwanrihagi swibge mandeulgo dareun tujajaga haedang hoesae jageumeul jodalhadorog hayeo IBMeul gansohwahagi wihae yeoreo buseoreul jayul jahoesa(sowi "Baby Blues")ro bunrihagi sijaghaessda. yeogieneun diseukeu deuraibeu mic gita deiteo seutoriji jepum jeonyongin aedeuseuta, junggeub keompyuteo jeonyong IBM aepeulrikeisyeon bijeuniseu siseutemseu, meinpeureim jeonyong IBM enteopeuraijeu siseutemseu, junggeub mic daehyeong peurinteo jeonyong penenteu siseutemseu, sohyeong peurinteo jeonyong regseumakeu deungi pohamdoeeossda. regseumakeuneun seolrib jighu caibmaesureul tonghae keulreiteun aendeu deobilrie(Clayton & Dubilier)e insudoeeossda.[18]

1992nyeon 9weol, IBMeun dayanghan bimeinpeureim mic bimideureinji gaeinyong keompyuteo jejo bumuneul bunsahayeo IBM peoseuneol keompyuteo keompeoni(Personal Computer Company, IBM PC Co.)raneun jayuljeogin wanjeon soyu jahoesaro tonghabhaessda. ireohan gieob gujo jojeongeun IBMi 1992nyeon hoegyeyeondo 2bungie iig majini geubgyeoghage haraghaessdago bogohan hue irueojyeossda. sijang bunseoggadeuleun ireohan harageul 1992nyeon yeoreum gaeinyong keompyuteo sijangyi ciyeolhan gagyeog jeonjaeng ddaemunirago saenggaghaessda. gieob gujo jojeongeun geu sijeomggaji yeogsasang gajang keugo biyongi manhi deuneun geos jung hanayeossda. 1993nyeon yeoreumggaji IBM PC keompeonineun aembeura keompyuteo kopeoreisyeon(Ambra Computer Corporation)gwa IBM paweo peoseuneol siseutemseu geurub(IBM Power Personal Systems Group)eul pohamhan yeoreo saeobburo nanwieossda. jeonjaneun IBM jace akitegceoyi "bogje" keompyuteoreul seolgyehago panmaeharyeoneun sidoyeossgo hujaneun IBMyi paweoPC giban weokeuseuteisyeoneul damdanghago issda.[19][20]

1993nyeon IBMeun 80eog dalreoyi sonsileul giroghaessneunde, ineun dangsi migug gieob yeogsasang coedae gyumoyi sonsilieossda. hoesareul hoesaengsikigi wihae ru geoseuneoga RJR nabiseukoyi CEOro goyongdoeeossda. 2002nyeon IBMeun PwCyi keonseolting bumunin PwC keonseoltingeul insuhayeo IBM geulrobeol seobisiseuro habbyeongdoeeossda.[21][22]

1998nyeon IBMeun IBM PC kopeoreisyeonyi gieob jungsim gaein siseutem geurubeul IBMyi jace geulrobeol seobiseu gaeinyong keompyuteo keonseolting mic gogaeg seobiseu buseoro habbyeonghaessda. geu gyeolgwa habbyeongdoen saeobbuneun gandanhi IBM peoseuneol siseutemseu geurubeuro alryeojige doeeossda. 1nyeon hu, IBMeun i bunyayi sijang jeomyuyuli gyeongjaengsain keompaeggwa dele bihae sangdanghi ddeoleojin hu somaejeomeseo keompyuteo panmaereul jungdanhaessda. geu jighu IBM PC kopeoreisyeonneun haecedoeeo IBM peoseuneol siseutemseu geurube habbyeongdoeeossda.[23]

2004nyeon 9weol 14il, LGwa IBMeun daehanmingug sijangeseoyi saeob jehyuga geu hae male jongryodoel geosirago balpyohaessda. du hoesa modu geuhae co noemulsusu hyeomyiwaneun gwanryeoni eobsdago balghyeossda. egseunoteuneun weonrae habjag tujayi ilbuyeosseumyeo 2012nyeon LGe maegagdoeeossda.[24]

2005nyeone hoesaneun gaeinyong keompyuteo saeob jeoncereul junggug gisul hoesain renobeoe maegaghaessgo, 2009nyeoneneun sopeuteuweeo hoesain SPSSreul insuhaessda. 2009nyeon hubane IBMyi beulru jin syupeokeompyuting peurogeuraemeun migug daetongryeong beorag obamarobuteo gugga gisul hyeogsin medal(National Medal of Technology and Innovation)eul badassda. 2011nyeon IBMeun jepeodi!e jeonsidoen ingongjineung peurogeuraem wasseuneuro jeon segyeyi jumogeul badassda. geim syo caempieon ken jeningseuwa beuraedeu reoteoreul sangdaero seungrihaessda. hoesado gateun hae 6weol 16ile cangrib 100junyeoneul ginyeomhaessda. 2012nyeon IBMeun kenegsa(Kenexa)wa tegsaseu memori siseutemseu(Texas Memory Systems)reul insuhagiro habyihaessdago balpyohaessgo, 1nyeon hueneun web hoseuting seobiseuin sopeuteureieo tekeunolrojiseudo sangdanghan geumaege yag 20eog dalreo gaciro insuhaessda. ddohan geuhae hoesaneun dabaosireul wihan bidio gamsi siseutemeul seolgyehaessda.[25]

2014nyeon IBMeun paweo ISA giban seobeoreul gyesog jegonghamyeonseo x86 seobeo saeobbureul renobeoe 21eog dalreoe maegaghagessdago balpyohaessda. ddohan geu haee IBMeun dareun hoesadeulgwa myeoc gaji juyo pateuneosibeul balpyohagi sijaghaessda. haedang hoesaeneun aepeul, teuwiteo, peiseubug, tensenteu, siseuko, eondeoameo, bagseu, maikeurosopeuteu, VMweeo, CSC, meisiseu, sisemi weokeusyob, sisemi seuteuriteuyi mohoesa mic seiljeuposeudaskeomi pohamdoenda.[26]

2015nyeon IBMeun 10eog dalreo gyumoyi meoji helseukeeo, deiteo seutoriji gonggeubeobce keulrebeoseipeu, Weather.com mic wedeo caeneol mobail aebeul pohamhan deo wedeo keompeoniyi modeun dijiteol jasan deung se gaji juyo insureul balpyohaessda. ddohan geuhae IBM jigweondeuleun iyagireul jeondalhaneun coecoyi bunja yeonghwain sonyeongwa weonjaraneun yeonghwareul mandeuleossda. 2016nyeon IBMeun hwasanghoeyi seobiseuin Ustreameul insuhago saeroun keulraudeu bidio saeobbureul guseonghaessda. 2016nyeon 4weoleneun bungibyeol maeculi 14nyeon mane coejeocireul giroghaessda. IBMi byeoldoyi sosongeul tonghae geuruponeul teugheo cimhae hyeomyiro gobalhan ji du dal mane geuruponeun IBMeul teugheo cimhae hyeomyiro gosohaessda.[27]

2015nyeon IBMeun deo wedeo keompeoniyi dijiteol bubunin teuruben helseu aeneolritigseu(Truven Health Analytics)reul 2016nyeone 26eog dalreoe insuhaesseumyeo, 2018nyeon 10weol IBMeun redeuhaeseul 340eog dalreoe insuhagessdaneun yisareul balghyeosseumyeo ineun 2019nyeon 7weol 9ile wanryodoeeossda.[28]

2020nyeon 2weol, IBMyi jon kelri 3se(John Kelly III)neun maikeurosopeuteuyi beuraedeu seumiseu(Brad Smith)wa habryuhayeo ingongjineung(AI)yi yunrijeog sayonggwa silhaengeul bojanghagi wihae batikangwa seoyage seomyeonghaessda.[29]

IBMeun 2020nyeon 10weol geulrobeol gisul seobiseu bumunyi gwanrihyeong inpeura seobiseu bumuneul saeroun gonggae hoesaro bunhalhal geosirago balpyohaessda. saeroun hoesain kindeuril(Kyndryl)eun 115gaegugeseo 90,000myeongyi jigweongwa 4,600myeongyi gogaegeul boyuhago sujujangoneun 600eog dalreoe dalhal geosida. IBMyi bunsaneun ijeonyi eoddeon maegagboda gyumoga keosseumyeo tujajadeulyi hwanyeongeul badassda. IBMeun 2014nyeonbuteo 2017nyeon malggaji IBMyi CFOyeossdeon matin syuroeteo(Martin Schroeter)reul kindeurilyi CEOro immyeonghaessda.[30][31]

reosiayi ukeuraina cimgongi sijagdoen ji myeocil dwiin 2022nyeon 3weol 7il, IBM CEO areubindeu keurisyunaneun ukeuraina guggireul gesihago "urineun reosiaeseoyi modeun saeobeul jungdanhaessda"go balpyohaessda. modeun reosiaeo gisado IBM websaiteueseo sagjedoeeossda. 6weol 7il, keurisyunaneun IBMi reosiaeseoyi saeobeul "jilseoissge cugso"hal geosirago balpyohaessda.[32]

2023nyeon IBMeun deiteowa AI geobeoneonseu gineungeul bowanhagi wihae gonggaedoeji anheun geumaegeuro maenta sopeuteuweeoreul insuhaessda. 2023nyeon 11weol 16il, IBMeun naci jiji kontenceu yeope gwanggoga balgyeondoen hu teuwiteoeseo gwanggoreul jungdanhaessda.[33][34]

2023nyeon 12weol, IBMeun sopeuteuweeo AGyi seuteurimseceu mic webmeseojeu peulraespomeul 21eog 3ceonman yuro(23eog 3ceonman dalreo)e insuhal geosirago balpyohaessda.[35]

hoesa gujo

[pyeonjib]

jibae gujo

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isahoeneun 10in~14ini coejeogin geoseuro bogo issda. ireon gwanjeomeun sanghwang mic cuceondoen huboyi jajile ddara yungtongseong issge jojeongdoel su issda. hyeonjaeneun isa 12in(sanae 1, saoe 11)imyeo, 2010nyeondo jucong ihueneun 13ineuro guseongdoenda.

samuel palmisano(Samuel J. Palmisano)ga isahoe yijang(Chairman of the Board)gwa daepyoisa(President), CEOreul gyeomhago issda. CEOyi seonggwaneun jibhaeng pyeongga mic gyeongyeongjaweon wiweonhoe(Executive Compensation and Management Resources Committee)eseo jeonggijeogeuro geomtohago isahoeyi jibhaeng bubun(executive session)eseo maenyeon geomtohamyeo, isahoe yijangeun jeonggijeogeuro seunggye gyehoeg mic gyeongyeongjin gyebale daehae bogohanda.

bijeuniseu donghyang

[pyeonjib]

IBMyi sigacongaegeun 2024nyeon 5weol gijun 1,530eog dalreo isangeuro pyeonggadoenda. IBMeun cong suig gijuneuro migug coedae gieobyi 2020 pocun 500 sunwieseo 38wireul cajihaessda. 2014nyeon IBMeun janggijeogin tujabodaneun bungibyeol suig mogpyoreul dalseonghagi wihae 'geumyung gonghag'eul sayonghaessdaneun binaneul badassda.[36][37][38]

IBMyi juyo donghyangeun daeumgwa gatda(12weol 31il magam hoegyeyeondo gijun).[39][40]

yeondo sodeug
(US$ bn)		 sunsodeug
(US$ bn)		 jigweon su
2014 92.7 12.0 379,592
2015 81.7 13.1 377,757
2016 79.9 11.8 380,300
2017 79.1 5.7 366,600
2018 79.5 8.7 350,600
2019 77.1 9.4 352,600
2020 73.6 5.5 345,900
2021[a] 57.3 5.7 282,100
2022 60.5 1.6 288,300
2023 61.8 7.5 282,200

jepum mic seobiseu

[pyeonjib]
en:List of IBM products munseoreul camgohasibsio.

beuraendeu

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i geurubeun IBMyi judoen buseo gaunde hanaida. daeumgwa gateun dayanghan beuraendeuga jonjaehanda:

gati bogi

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gagju

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  1. | "2012 IBM Annual Report" (PDF). IBM.com.
  2. | gugjesamugigihoesa - beuritaenikeo baeggwasajeon (daeumbaeggwa mireo)
  3. | Bajpai, Prableen (2021nyeon 1weol 29il). "Top Patent Holders of 2020". <<nasdaq.com>> . Nasdaq. 2021nyeon 1weol 30ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2021nyeon 2weol 2ile hwaginham.
  4. | "2021 Top 50 US Patent Assignees". IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. 2022nyeon 1weol 5il. 2022nyeon 8weol 22ile hwaginham.
  5. | Gil, Dario (2023nyeon 1weol 6il). "Why IBM is no longer interested in breaking patent records-and how it plans to measure innovation in the age of open source and quantum computing" (yeongeo). <<Fortune>> . 2023nyeon 1weol 27ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2023nyeon 2weol 3ile hwaginham.
  6. | "IBM | Founding, History, & Products | Britannica" (yeongeo). <<www.britannica.com>> . 2022nyeon 12weol 30ile hwaginham.
  7. | Press, Larry (2003). <<IBM PC>> . John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (2003nyeon 1weol 1ile culpandoem). 833jjog. ISBN 0-470-86412-5.
  8. | "Origin of the IBM PC | Low End Mac". <<lowendmac.com>> . 2024nyeon 2weol 19ile hwaginham.
  9. | "IBM Tops U.S. Patent List for 28th Consecutive Year with Innovations in Artificial Intelligence, Hybrid Cloud, Quantum Computing and Cyber-Security" (migug yeongeo). <<IBM Newsroom>> . 2023nyeon 7weol 14ile hwaginham.
  10. | "About us" (yeongeo). <<IBM Research>> . 2021nyeon 2weol 9il. 2022nyeon 12weol 30ile hwaginham.
  11. | "IBM Brand Ranking | All Brand Rankings where IBM is listed!" (yeongeo). <<www.rankingthebrands.com>> . 2022nyeon 12weol 30ile hwaginham.
  12. | "The origins of IBM | IBM" (migug yeongeo). <<www.ibm.com>> . 2024nyeon 5weol 28ile hwaginham.
  13. | (Rodgers, THINK, p. 83)
  14. | Pauwels, Jacques R. (2017). <<Big Business and Hitler>> (dogileo). James Lorimer & Company. ISBN 978-1-4594-0987-3.
  15. | Campbell-Kelly, Martin (2003). <<From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry>> . Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 140-143, 175-176, 237jjog.
  16. | Sullivan, Lawrence A. (April 1982). "Monopolization: Corporate Strategy, the IBM Cases, and the Transformation of the Law". <<Texas Law Review>> 60 (4): 587-647. 2022nyeon 1weol 14ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2022nyeon 1weol 14ile hwaginham.
  17. | Ross; Westerfield; Jordan (2010). <<Fundamentals of Corporate Finance>> 9, alternatepan. McGraw Hill. 746jjog.
  18. | Lewis, Peter H. (1991nyeon 12weol 22il). "The Executive Computer; Can I.B.M. Learn From a Unit It Freed?". <<The New York Times>> .
  19. | Lohr, Steve (1993nyeon 8weol 2il). "I.B.M. and Dell Stake Out the Little Picture in PC's". <<The New York Times>> : D2. 2015nyeon 5weol 26ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo.
  20. | Burke, Steven (1995nyeon 9weol 11il). "IBM Power Personal Systems group to be folded into PC Co.". <<Computer Reseller News>> (CMP Publications) (648): 7 - ProQuest gyeongyu.
  21. | Linda Rosencrance (2002nyeon 7weol 30il). "IBM to acquire PwC Consulting for $3.5 billion". <<Computerworld>> . 2022nyeon 10weol 4ile hwaginham.
  22. | Stephen Shankland (2002nyeon 7weol 31il). "IBM grabs consulting giant for $3.5 billion". 2022nyeon 10weol 4ile hwaginham.
  23. | Greiner, Lynn (1999nyeon 10weol 22il). "Big Blue to combine PC division with PSG". <<Computing Canada>> (Plesman Publications) 25 (40): 6 - ProQuest gyeongyu.
  24. | "Laptop Retrospective" (migug yeongeo). <<Laptop Retrospective>> . 2023nyeon 4weol 16ile hwaginham.
  25. | Joseph, George (2019nyeon 3weol 20il). "Inside the Video Surveillance Program IBM Built for Philippine Strongman Rodrigo Duterte". <<The Intercept>> . 2021nyeon 1weol 4ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2020nyeon 1weol 17ile hwaginham.
  26. | Nusca, Andrea. "IBM, Salesforce Strike Global Partnership on Cloud, AI". Fortune. 2020nyeon 11weol 11ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2017nyeon 3weol 7ile hwaginham.
  27. | Stempel, Jonathan (2016nyeon 5weol 9il). "Groupon sues 'once-great' IBM over patent". <<Reuters>> . 2020nyeon 11weol 8ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2016nyeon 5weol 9ile hwaginham.
  28. | "IBM Closes Landmark Acquisition of Red Hat for $34 Billion; Defines Open, Hybrid Cloud Future" (yeongeo). <<Red Hat>> . 2019nyeon 7weol 9il. 2020nyeon 12weol 16ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2019nyeon 7weol 9ile hwaginham.
  29. | "Cisco Systems joins Microsoft, IBM in Vatican pledge to ensure ethical use and development of AI". Technology. The Associated Press. 2024nyeon 4weol 24il. 2024nyeon 4weol 24ile hwaginham.
  30. | Deutscher, Maria (2021nyeon 1weol 7il). "IBM names Martin Schroeter as CEO of $19B NewCo services spinoff". <<SiliconANGLE>> . 2021nyeon 1weol 11ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2021nyeon 2weol 23ile hwaginham.
  31. | "IBM names former financial chief Martin Schroeter as head of new IT infrastructure services company". <<The Economic Times>> . Reuters. 2021nyeon 1weol 8il. 2021nyeon 6weol 14ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2021nyeon 2weol 23ile hwaginham.
  32. | "IBM finally shutters Russian operations, lays off staff". The Register. 2022nyeon 6weol 7il.
  33. | Malik, Yuvraj; Gaffen, David (2023nyeon 11weol 17il). Shumaker, Lisa (pyeonjib). "IBM suspends ads on X after corporate ads appeared next to pro-Nazi content". <<Reuters>> . 2023nyeon 12weol 6ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo.
  34. | Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Mattu, Ravi; Warner, Bernhard; Kessler, Sarah; de la Merced, Michael J.; Hirsch, Lauren; Walt, Vivienne (2023nyeon 11weol 17il). "Advertisers Push Back at Social Media Firms over Antisemitism". <<The New York Times>> . 2024nyeon 1weol 17ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo.
  35. | Tanna, Shivani; Farr, Emma-Victoria (2023nyeon 12weol 18il). Aich, Rashmi; Osmond, Ed (pyeonjib). "IBM to buy Software AG's enterprise integration platforms for $2.3 billion" (migug yeongeo). <<Yahoo Finance>> . Reuters. 2023nyeon 12weol 18ile hwaginham.
  36. | Sorkin, Andrew Ross (2014nyeon 10weol 20il). "The Truth About IBM's Buybacks". <<DealBook>> . 2021nyeon 4weol 10ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2021nyeon 4weol 29ile hwaginham.
  37. | Saft, James (2014nyeon 10weol 21il). "IBM and the financial engineering economy: James Saft" (yeongeo). <<Reuters>> . 2021nyeon 4weol 29ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2021nyeon 4weol 29ile hwaginham.
  38. | "Boring IBM Just Got a Lot More Interesting" (yeongeo). <<Bloomberg.com>> . 2020nyeon 10weol 8il. 2021nyeon 4weol 29ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2021nyeon 4weol 29ile hwaginham.
  39. | "IBM Fundamentalanalyse | KGV | Kennzahlen" (dogileo). <<boerse.de>> . 2024nyeon 4weol 9ile hwaginham.
  40. | "IBM 2008-2016" (dogileo). <<boerse.de>> . 2017nyeon 9weol 3ile weonbon munseoeseo bojondoen munseo. 2024nyeon 4weol 9ile hwaginham.
naeyongju
  1. | IBM's financial statements from the 2021 annual report have adjusted revenue, income numbers, employee count for the previous years to account for discontinued operations related to the separation of Kyndryl.

oebu ringkeu

[pyeonjib]
  • wikimidieo gongyonge IBM gwanryeon midieo jaryoga issseubnida.
  • IBM - gongsig websaiteu