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Help:IPA/Armenian

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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Armenian on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Armenian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and < > , see IPA SS Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Armenian

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Armenian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles, based on Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian standard varieties. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation SS Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA Orthography Examples English approximation
Eastern and Classical Armenian Western Armenian
b[1] b p banali (EA/C), pat (WA) bee
d[1] d t dow (EA/C), town (WA) dog
dz[1] dz ts dzowk (EA/C), tsitsagh (WA) leads
dZ[1] j ch jowr (EA/C), chanch (WA) jar
f f fowtbol fire
g[1] g k gazan (EA/C), katow (WA) good
h h Hayastan hot
j y yowgh yes
kh k` g, k` k`ami (EA/C), garown, k`ami (WA) can
k[2] k [3] katow scan
l l lowsin lace
m m mayr mine
n n nowrh nest
ng[4] n menk` think
ph p` b, p` p`at`il (EA/C), beran, p`at`il (WA) port
p[2] p [3] pat sport
r[2] rh r, rh[5] rhowmb Spanish perro (trilled)
r~r~r[6] r rope red
R gh ghek French rue, Northumbrian burr
s s sar sip
S sh shown ship
th t` d, t` t`owght` (EA/C), dow, t`owght` top
t[2] t [3] town stop
tsh ts` dz, ts` ts`owl (EA/C), dzew, ts`owl (WA) cats hit
ts[2] ts [3] tsitsagh cats
tSh ch` ch`, j ch`amich` (EA/C), ch`amich`, jowr (WA) chin
tS[2] ch [3] chanch beach
v v, w viravor (EA/C), virawor (WA) van
kh kh khaghogh Scottish loch
z z zard zoo
Z zh zhamanak pleasure
Monophthongs
IPA Orthography Examples English approximation
Reformed Classical
a a a, ay[7] arew, ke doghay, hima lava
e e,[8] e Vahe set
@ e (usually not written) m(e)tatsowm, (e)sk`anch`eli, enker again
i i ir seat, short in duration
o o,[9] o o,[9] o, oy[7] orenk`, ovkianos, hort`, yetoy all
u ow town cool
Y N/A iw giwgh Somewhat like cute
oe eo Eozheni Somewhat like nurse


Diphthongs
IPA Orthography Examples English approximation
Reformed Classical
aj ay aygi, hay eye
ej ey, ey ey t`ey say
ij iy iynal seet
oj oy khoy boy
uj owy oy k`oyr booyah; Gruyere
ja ya, ia ya, ia, ea, ea, eay[7] seneak, kayan yard
je e, ye, ye eraz, hayeli, naye/ yes
ji yi yi; occurs in ei k'owzein, Mayis yeast
jo yo eo eot`e yore
ju yow yow, iw; occurs in iow, eow iwgh, kayown Yule


Suprasegmentals
IPA Meaning
' Stress (placed before the stressed syllable)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Plosives and affricates that are voiced in Eastern Armenian /b d dz dZ g/ are voiceless aspirated /ph th tsh tSh kh/ in Western Armenian. "In some publications, the voiceless plosives [of Eastern Armenian] are also defined as ejectives or glottalised. Glottalised plosives occur in various Armenian dialects and can also be found in the Eastern Armenian vernacular based on the Yerevan dialect, but according to normative grammars, SMEA [Standard Modern Eastern Armenian] shows no glottalised voiceless plosives." Jasmine Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. London Oriental and African Language Library, 2007, ISSN 1382-3485; p. 17. Some dialects pronounce the Classical /B P P'/ as /B' B P'/ (Sivas, Crimea, Poland) or /B' P P'/ (Erzurum (Karin), Ararat plain, Tiflis) where ' represents aspiration https://www.academia.edu/42817300/Armenian_Dialects
  2. ^ a b c d e f /p t ts tS k/ are not used in Western Armenian.
  3. ^ a b c d e Plosives and affricates that are tenuis /p t ts tS k/ in Eastern Armenian and Classical Armenian are voiced /b d dz dZ g/ in Western Armenian.
  4. ^ Allophone of /n/ before velar consonants.
  5. ^ The two rhotics represented as <rh> and <r> have merged to /r/ in Western Armenian.
  6. ^ In Classical Armenian uses alveolar approximant [r], while modern Iranian Armenian uses a retroflex approximant [r]. Dolatian, Hossep, Sharifzadeh, Afsheen & Vaux, Bert. 2023. grammar of Iranian Armenian: Parskahayeren or Iranahayeren. Page 22
  7. ^ a b c Classical Armenian <ay, oy, eay> are only found word-finally.
  8. ^ <e> represents [je] when word-initial.
  9. ^ a b <o> represents [vo] when word-initial.

See also

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides