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maaksvaady

vikipiiddiyaa vetin

maaksvaady ynu pnti sbndtaa sh smaaj gaettum avboodh kr gaeniim sndhaa menm smaaj privrtny daekviim sndhaa dylektik (apoohk/trky mt pdnm vuu) idiridrshnyk vn, aitihaasik bhautikvaady les vddaat prclit, aitihaasik sNvrdhny pillibnd bhautikvaadii arthkthnyk bhaavitaa krn, vaamvaadii sitt ant-vaamvaadii[1][2][3] smaaj aarthik vishleessnn krmyki. ey aarmbh vnnee 19 vaeni siyvsee jrmaanu daarshnikyn vn kaal maaks sh freddrik eNglsgee kRtivlini. maaksvaady kaalyaagee aevaaemen vividh shaakhaa sh cintn gurukull dkvaa vrdhny vii aeti baevin, daentt tni, nishcit maaksvaadii nyaayk nomaet.[4]

smhr maaksvaadii cintn gurukull smbhaavy maaksvaadyee aetaem aNg kerehi vaeddi avdhaarnnyk lbaa den atrm anekut paeti prtiksseep kiriim hoo vens kiriim sidu kryi. smhr paasl maaksvaadii sNklp sh maaks novn sNklp eekaabddh kiriimtt utsaah kr aeti atr ey psuv pullul les vividh nigmnvltt tuddu dii aet.[5]

maanv vidyaav,[6][7] puraavidyaav, klaa nyaay, apraadh vidyaav, sNskRtik adhyyny, aarthik vidyaav, adhyaapny,[8] aacaar dhrm, citrptt nyaay, bhuugool vidyaav,[9] itihaas leekhny, saahity vicaary, maadhy adhyyny,[10][11] drshny, deeshpaaln vidyaav, mnoovidyaav, vidyaa adhyyny,[12] smaaj vidyaav, naagrik saelsumkrnny sh rNg klaav aetullu bohoo ksseetrvltt blpaaem kr aeti maaksvaady gooliiy shaastraaly kerehi prbl blpaaemk aeti kr aet.

dll vishleessnny

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kaal maaks

maaksvaady, maanv drvymy avshytaa spuraaliimtt avshy drvymy tttvyn sh aarthik kriyaakaarkm vishleessnny kiriimen oonaaem smaajyk tull smaaj sNsiddhiin paehaedili kiriimtt utsaah kryi. aarthik sNvidhaanyee svruupy hoo nisspaadn maadiliy pullul smaaj smbndhtaa, deeshpaaln aaytn, niiti pddhti, sNskRtik pddhti, saundryy sh dRssttivaad aetullu anekut siylum smaaj sNsiddhiin kerehi blpaan bv upklpny kryi. mem smaaj smbndhtaa, aarthik pddhtiy smg ekv pdnmk sh upri vyuhyk saadyi. nisspaadn blveeg (enm taakssnny) vaeddi diyunnu vn vitt, nisspaadn sNvidhaany kiriimee pvtin aakRti ylpinuu bvtt ptvn atr tvdurttt prgtiytt baadhaa kryi. kaal maaks mesee liviiy: "sNvrdhnyee ektraa avdhiyk, smaajyee drvymy nisspaadn blveeg pvtin nisspaadn smbndhtaa smnng hoo - mey hudek niitimy vshyen ekm dey prkaash kryi - ovun metek kriyaatmk kll raamuv tull aeti deepl smbndhtaa smnng gaettumktt paeminnee. nisspaadn blveegvl vrdhnyee aakaarvlin mem sbndtaa ovungee vilNgu bvtt ptvee. inpsu smaaj viplvyee yugyk aarmbh vee.[13]

mem akaarykssmtaav smaajyee smaaj prtiviroodhtaa les prkaash vn atr eevaa pnti argl mttttmin sttn krnu laebee.[14] dhneeshvr nisspaadn krmy ytttee, mem argly kriyaatmk vnnee nisspaadn maadhy himi sullutry (dhneeshvry) sh bhaanndd haa seevaa nisspaadny krn jnghnyen atimht bhutry (nirdhn pNtiy) atr y. smaajy tull ekinektt prspr vn vividh pnti atr arglyee prtiphlyk les smaaj vipryaasyk siduvee yn upklpnyen aarmbh vii, maaksvaadiyeku, dhnvaady nirdhn pNtiy suuraakaaem haa piiddaavtt pt krn baevin ey novaelaekviy haeki nirdhn pNti viplvyktt yomukrn bv nigmny kryi. smaajvaadii smaajyk, pudglik deepl - nisspaadn maadhy les - smupkaar himikm (podu ayitiy) mgin prtisthaapny vnu aet. smaajvaadii aarthikyk nisspaadny pdnm vnnee pudglik laabh nirmaany kiriim mt nov, minis avshytaa tRptimt kiriimee nirnnaayk mt y - enm bhaavity sndhaa nisspaadny vee. freddrik eNgls paehaedili kllee, "nisspaadny mulinm nisspaadkyaa vhlbhaavytt pt krn dhneeshvr visrjn krmy, psuv visrjny, nviin nisspaadn maadhyvl svbhaavy mt pdnm vuu nisspaadn visrjn maadiliy mgin prtisthaapny vee. ek atkin, sRju smaaj visrjny, nisspaadny nddttu kiriim sh vyaapt kiriim sndhaa vn maadhyyn les - anek attt, yaepum sh vinoodaasvaadyee maadhyyn les sRju pudgl visrjny."[15]

maaksiyaanu aarthik vidyaav sh ehi anugaamikyin dhnvaady slknnee ey aarthik vshyen tirsaar novn sh jnghnyee jiivn mttttm ihll naeNviimtt apohost vn, milittri aakrmnnkaariitvy hmbaa ymin, vndi geviimee avshytaavy nisaa seevk vaettup sh smaaj prtilaabh kpaa haeriimen laabh anupaaty pht vaettiimtt sidu krn krmveedyk les y. kmkruvngee viplvy hrhaa maanv vrgyaagee nisspaadn maadiliy les smaajvaadii nisspaadn maadiliy dhnvaady abhibvnu aeti bv ehi anugaamikyn vishvaas krnu lbyi. maaksvaadii arbud nyaaytt anuv smaajvaady novaellaekviy haeki deyk nov aarthik avshytaavyk les dkvnu lbyi.[16]

muulaashr

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  1. ^ "Left-wing / Right-wing". Marxists.org. smprveeshy 2022-07-16.
  2. ^ "Radical left". Dictionary.com (iNgriisi bsin). smprveeshy 2022-07-16. raeddikl vm ynu komiyunisttvaady, maaksvaady, maaoovaady, smaajvaady, araajkvaady hoo vent aakaaryee dhnvaadyk sthaapit kiriimtt shaay viim hoo kriyaa kiriim vaeni ant les saelken vaamaaNshik deeshpaaln adhs drn pudglyintt saamuuhikv yomu vn yedumki. raeddikl vm smhr vitt ant vm les haendinvee.
  3. ^ March, Luke (2009). "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream?" (PDF). IPG. 1: 126-143 - via Friedrich Ebert Foundation.
  4. ^ Wolff, Richard; Resnick, Stephen (1987). Economics: Marxian versus Neoclassical. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0801834806. jrmaanu maaksvaadiin visin maaksvaadii nyaay, knnddaaym vet sh maaks yntm sprsh kr notibuu gaettllu vltt vyaapt krn ldii. niiti pddhtiy, kaantaavngee smaaj bhuumikaav, videesh vellndaam, dhneeshvr jaatiin atr jaatyntr edirivaadikm sh smaajvaadytt sNkrmnny viimeedii paarlimeentu prjaatntrvaadyee bhuumikaav pillibnd maaksvaadii vishleessnn sjiivikrnn vaad vivaadvltt tuddu dunneey. maaksiyaanu nyaay (eek vcn) maaksvaadii nyaayntt (bhuvcn) mg paaediiy.
  5. ^ O'Hara, Phillip (2003). Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2. Routledge. p. 107. ISBN 978-0415241878. maaksvaadii deeshpaaln aarthik vidyaajnyyn dhnvaady, smaajvaady sh komiyunisttvaady pillibnd ovungee nirvcn smbndhyen gtkll vens veti. mem venskm itaa muulik vee, vividh les eettu gaenvuu maaksvaadii deeshpaaln aarthik vidyaajnyyin atr trk smhr vitt dhnvaady smrn deeshpaaln aarthikyn kerehi ovungee viruddhtvy trm tiivr vii aet.
  6. ^ O'Laughlin, B (October 1975). "Marxist Approaches in Anthropology". Annual Review of Anthropology. 4 (1): 341-370. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.04.100175.002013. S2CID 2730688.
  7. ^ Roseberry, William (21 October 1997). "Marx and Anthropology". Annual Review of Anthropology. 26 (1): 25-46. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.25.
  8. ^ Malott, Curry; Ford, Derek (2015). Marx, capital, and education: towards a critical pedagogy of becoming. ISBN 978-1-4539-1602-5. OCLC 913956545.[page needed]
  9. ^ Mitchell, Don (2020). Mean streets: homelessness, public space, and the limits of capital. ISBN 978-0-8203-5691-4. OCLC 1151767935.[page needed]
  10. ^ Becker, Samuel L. (18 May 2009). "Marxist approaches to media studies: The British experience". Critical Studies in Mass Communication. 1 (1): 66-80. doi:10.1080/15295038409360014.
  11. ^ Alvarado, Manuel; Gutch, Robin; Wollen, Tana (1987). Learning the Media: Introduction to Media Teaching. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 62, 76.
  12. ^ Sheehan, Helena (July 2007). "Marxism and Science Studies: A Sweep through the Decades". International Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 21 (2): 197-210. doi:10.1080/02698590701498126. S2CID 143737257. 24 February 2021 din paevti mul pittpt vetin sNrkssit pittpt. smprveeshy 24 April 2022.
  13. ^ Marx, Karl (1859). "Introduction". A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy.
  14. ^ Gregory, Paul R.; Stuart, Robert C. (2003). "Marx's Theory of Change". Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century. South-Western College Publishing. p. 62. ISBN 0618261818.
  15. ^ Engels, Friedrich (1882). "three". Socialism: Utopian and Scientific.
  16. ^ Marx, Karl (1852). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Men make their own history.