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ZX Spectrum

Chu Dian : huri-Bai Ke Shi Dian {uikipedeia(Wikipedia)}
ZX Spectrum
ZX Spectrum (1982)
Zhong Bie 8bitsuto ho-mukonpiyu-ta-
Fa Mai Ri 1982Nian 4Yue 23Ri
Fan Mai Zhong Liao Ri 1992Nian [1]
medeia kasetsutote-pu
OS Sinclair BASIC
CPU Z80 @ 3.5 MHz oyobiTong Deng Pin
memori 16 kB / 48 kB / 128 kB
Qian Shi Dai ha-do ZX81
Ci Shi Dai ha-do QL

ZX Spectrum(zetsutoetsukusu supekutoramu)ha, shinkurea*risa-chiga1982Nian niigirisuderiri-sushitaho-mukonpiyu-ta-dearu.

Kai Fa Zhong ha[ZX81 Colour] oyobi[ZX82] toHu bareteita[2][3]ga, soremade(ZX80toZX81)nomonokuroBiao Shi tonoWei iwoQiang Diao surutame, kuraibu*shinkureaga[Spectrum(=supekutoru, Guang wopurizumudeFen Guang shitatokiniDe rareruSe noDai )] toMing duketa[4]. Zui Zhong De ni8tsunoYi naruJi Zhong woriri-sushiteori, 1982Nian niriri-sushita 16kB RAM noRu Men moderukara1987Nian nohurotsupi-deisukudoraibuNei Zang no 128kB RAM Da Zai no ZX Spectrum +3 madearu. kuro-nwoChu itemoQuan Shi Jie deLei Ji 500Mo Tai Yi Shang woMai riShang geta[5].

Spectrumhaamerikadenokomodo-ru64noyouni, igirisudeZui Chu niBao Fa De Ren Qi woDe taho-mukonpiyu-tadearu. ZX Spectrum noDeng Chang niyori, sohutoueayaZhou Bian Ji Qi woTi Gong suruQi Ye gaJi Ji niZeng e[6], sonoYing Xiang haJin moSok iteiru[1]. SpectrumgaigirisunoITYe Jie woSheng miChu shitatosuruZhe moiru[7]. raisensuQi Yue tokuro-ngasoreniSok ki, [Ying Guo noChan Ye henoGong Xian ] woCheng eraretakuraibu*shinkureahanaitoWei noXu Xun woShou keta[8].

1980Nian Dai Chu Qi noigirisuShi Chang denoZhu naraibarutoshitehakomodo-ru64to BBC Micro gaari, Shao shiChi rete Amstrad CPC moraibarutonatsuta. Spectrum nosaundoJi Neng togurahuitsukuJi Neng woQiang Hua shitaba-ziyongaamerikadetaimetsukusuShe niyotsuteTimex Sinclair 2068toshiteFa Mai sareteita. igirisuyaamerikadeRen Qi noatsutaSpectrumdearuga, Ri Ben dehaYu San Jia noLi gaQiang kuFan Mai sarerukotohanakatsuta. Lei Ji de23,000taitorunosohutoueagaSpectrumXiang keniFa Mai sareteori, 2010Nian nimo90taitoruYi Shang noXin Zuo gariri-susareteiru.

ha-douea

[Bian Ji ]

Spectrum ha 3.50MHz no Zilog Z80A CPU(mataha NEC mPD780C-1)woCai Yong . Zui Chu nomoderudeha, 16KbaitonoROMto16Kbaitomoshikuha48KbaitonoRAMwoDa Zai shiteiru. ha-doueaShe Ji Zhe hashinkurea*risa-chinorichiya-do*arutowatsusa-(Ying Yu Ban ). shinkureanoGong Ye dezaina-ritsuku*deikinson(Ying Yu Ban )gaWai Guan woShe Ji [6].

ZX Spectrum nokara-paretsuto

bideoChu Li haRFmoziyure-taJing You deterebiniJie Sok shi, Jia Ting Yong terebiwoDan Chun nakara-gurahuitsukudeisupureitoshiteShi Yong shita. Spectrum noBiao Shi Ji Neng haJin Ri karaJian rebaDi reberunamonodaga, Dang Shi noXiao Xing terebideBiao Shi surunihaWan Bi de, ge-munadonoKai Fa moNan shikunakatsuta. tekisutohaBen Ti Nei Zang noWen Zi setsuto(ASCIIbe-sunoDu Zi Wen Zi setsuto)kaapurike-shiyongaTi Gong suruWen Zi setsutowo32Hang x24Xing Biao Shi shi, 15Se deBiao Shi Ke Neng dearu(8Se x2Hui Du de, Hei haHui Du Bian Hua shinai)[9]. gurahuitsukuBiao Shi moTong Yang noSe Shu de256x192dotsutoBiao Shi dearu[10]. memoriwoJie Yue surutame, Se noShu Xing Qing Bao wotekisutoyagurahuitsukude-tatohaBie no32x24noguritsudodeBao Chi shi, 1Shu Xing de-taga1Wen Zi noBiao Shi Ling Yu niDui Ying shiteiru. arutowatsusa-hakonoShe Ji nitsuiteTe Xu woQu De shiteiru[11].

1tsuno[Shu Xing ] haQian Jing Se toBei Jing Se , Hui Du reberu(Tong Chang /Ming rui), huratsushiyu[huragu] (Qian Jing toBei Jing woYi Ding Jian Ge deRu reTi eru)karaGou Cheng sareru[10]. konoTe Zheng woDu Te noTe Shu Xiao Guo niShi Yong suruge-mumoatsutaga, color clash ya attribute clash toHu bareruBiao Shi noLuan remoFa Sheng shiyasukatsuta. konoWen Ti haSpectrumnoJi Li tsutaTe Zheng toshiteyu-zanoNei Lun noziyo-kutomonatsutaga, Tong Shi niTa nohobi-pasokonwoZhi Chi suruRen "karahaChao Xiao noDe tonatsuta. Dang Shi , igirisudeShi eruTa nomashintoshiteha Amstrad CPC nadogaatsutaga, konoyounaWen Ti haQi kinakatsuta. komodo-ru64moSe Shu Xing woDu Li saseteitaga, supuraitotosukuro-ruJi Neng woShi tsutekonoWen Ti woHui Bi shiteita.

saundohaZui Chu noJi Zhong dehabi-puYin nomidaga, 1chiyannerude10okuta-bunoYin Gao woFa Sheng dekiru. mata, Kuo Zhang basunoetsuzi*konekutawoBei e, puroguramuyade-tanose-bu/ro-donotamenikasetsutoreko-da-woJie Sok suruo-deiopo-togaaru. ZX81yorimose-bu/ro-dogaGao Su Hua shiteori, Xin Lai Xing moGao matsuteiru.

hua-muuea

[Bian Ji ]

Nei Zang ROMniha Nine Tiles She nosutei-bu*vuitsuka-zu(Ying Yu Ban )gaKai Fa shita Sinclair BASIC woDa Zai shiteiru. Dian Zhuo niyokuarutaipunochikuretsutoki-bo-donoki-totsupuniha Sinclair BASIC noki-wa-domoShu kareteori, Li ebapuroguramingumo-dode[G] woYa Xia surutoBASICYan Yu no GO TO gaka-soruWei Zhi niCha Ru sareru[12].

konoBASICintapuritaha, ZX81Yong noBASICpuroguramuwohoboWu Xiu Zheng deSpectrumdeDong Zuo saserareruyouKai Fa sareteiruga, saraniShi iyasukusuruKuo Zhang ganasareteiru. Te niBiao Shi oyobisaundoniGuan shiteJi Neng gaZhui Jia sare, 1Xing niFu Shu noWen woShu kukotogadekiruyouninatsuta. Nei Zang Wen Zi setsutohaZX81nomonokaraKuo Zhang sareteori, Xiao Wen Zi gaZhui Jia sareteiru. kasetsutote-puheha, puroguramudakedenaku, Pei Lie , Biao Shi memori, Zhi Ding shitaadoresuFan Wei nomemorinadowose-busurukotogadekiru.

shinkurea*risa-chinoJi Zhong

[Bian Ji ]

Sheng Chan Qian noShe Ji

[Bian Ji ]

ritsuku*deikinsonhaZui Zhong De na ZX Spectrum noShe Ji niDao Da suruQian ni, "ZX82" toshiteikutsukanoShe Ji woXing tsuta. Te niki-bo-doniFu Yu suruWen Zi Lie gaBian Geng sareteori, ARC gaLiang Chan Ban deha CIRCLE ni, FORE ga INK ni, BACK ga PAPER niBian Geng sareteiru[3].

ZX Spectrum 16K/48K

[Bian Ji ]
ZX Spectrum 16K/48K (Cun Fa (mm): 233x144x30 (WxHxD) @ ~552 guramu)[13]

shinkureakara1982Nian niriri-susareta. Da Zai RAMsaizuha16Kbaito(PS125 Hou ni PS99)to48Kbaito(PS175 Hou ni PS129)no2Zhong Lei gaari[14][15], ROMhadochiramo16KbaitogaDa Zai sareteita. orizinarunoZX SpectrumhasonoAn tsupoigomuZhi ki-bo-dotoBen Ti noXiao sasagaTe Zheng datsuta. 16KBmoderuha 32KbaitoRAMwoZeng She deki, Chu Qi no "Issue 1" dehado-ta-bo-donoXing datsuta. sonoHou noissuedeha, DRAMchitsupuwo8Ge toTa niRuo Gan noTTLchitsupuwoyu-za-gasoketsutonihameruBi Yao gaatsuta. yu-za-ha16KBan woshinkureaniSong Fu shite48KBan niatsupugure-doshitemoraukotomodekita. matamemorichitsuputoshiteha, Fei Yong woYi erutameniXuan Bie Pin nochitsupuwoYong irutoiutekunitsukugaatsuta. sunawachi, Zhi Pin toshiteha64KbitsutochitsupudagaJian Cha deQian Xian gaJian tsukari, katsuBan Fen Yi Shang noRong Liang gaarumonowoXuan Bie shite, 32KbitsutochitsuputoshiteYong iru. sonotame, chitsupuNei noShi enaiBu Fen woBi keruyounipurintoJi Ban Shang noPei Xian woGong Fu shiteita[16]. mata, Hou Bu noKuo Zhang surotsutonisa-dopa-teinoWai Bu 32KB RAM patsukuwoZhuang Zhao shiteShi Yong surukotomoKe Neng datsuta. ZX81toTong Yang , Kuo Zhang surotsutonokonekutaBu gayuruitameniRAMpatsukunoguratsukigaQi ki, soreniyotsutekuratsushiyugaFa Sheng , Chang He niyotsutehaCPUnadogaShao kitsuiteshimauShi moatsuta.

"Issue 1" no ZX Spectrum haYue 6Mo Tai Zhi Zao sareta. ki-noSe gaYi narutame, sonoHou noSheng Chan moderutoQu Bie surukotogadekiru(Issue 1 noki-haMing Hui Se de, sonoHou nomoderuhaQing Hui Se )[17].

shinkureanoSheng Chan moderuniha, o-deioRu Li toChu Li nopo-togaari, [iyahon] to[maiku] nosoketsutotonatsuteita. Duo kunosohutoueahakasetsutote-punoXing deriri-susare, kasetsutoreko-da-woWai Fu kesuruBi Yao gaatsuta. koreranosoketsutowohetsudohonyaanpuniJie Sok shiteYin Xiang Chu Li tosurukotomoKe Neng daga, Nei Zang supi-ka-woohunisuruFang Fa hanai.

ZX Spectrum+

[Bian Ji ]
ZX Spectrum+ (Cun Fa (mm): 319x149x38 (WxHxD))[13]

ZX Spectrum+ noJi Hua ha1984Nian 6Yue niShi mari[18], Tong Nian 10Yue niriri-sutonatsuta[19]. Kai Fa ko-doMing ha TB[18]de, RAMha48Kbaito. ki-bo-donadoga Sinclair QL(SpectrumnoShang Wei Ji )Feng noWai Guan de, PS179.95deFa Mai sareta[20]. Dian Zi De nihaCong Lai Ji Zhong no48KbaitoBan toQuan kuTong zide, Ji Ban woRu reTi erebasonomamaShi eruhodode, Wai Zhuang woXin shikusuruDIYkitsutomoFa Mai sareta. Dang Chu karagomuZhi ki-noCong Lai Ji Zhong no2Bei noTai Shu woMai riShang getaga[18], Yi Bu Xiao Mai Dian haCong Lai Ji Zhong noGu Zhang Lu ga5-6%datsutanoniDui shi, Xin Ji Zhong dehaZui Gao 30%noGu Zhang Lu ninatsutatoshiteita[19]. SpectrumnoRe Kuang De huan(puroguramayage-ma-)ha, konoXin shiiki-bo-dowoXian tsuta.

ZX Spectrum 128

[Bian Ji ]
ZX Spectrum 128

ZX Spectrum 128(ko-doMing [da-bi-] )ha, supeinnoLiu Tong Ye Zhe Investronica toGong Tong deshinkureagaKai Fa shita[21]. supeinZheng Fu gamemoriRong Liang 64KBYi Xia noarayurukonpiyu-taniTe Bie naShui wokake[22], supeinGuo Nei deFan Mai suruarayurukonpiyu-tahasupeinYu noaruhuabetsutowosapo-toshi, supeinYu nometsuse-ziwoBiao Shi subeshitoiuFa Lu woZhi Ding shitatame[23], sonoJi ni ZX Spectrum+ nosupeinShi Chang henoShi Ying woZhu ketanoga Investronica dearu.

Wai Guan ha ZX Spectrum+ toyokuSi teiruga, ke-suYou Duan niDian Ya regiyure-ta 7805 noLeng Que Yong noDa kinahi-toshinkuwoShe ketaDian gaYi naru(Cong Lai haNei Zang hi-toshinkudatsuta).

Xin shiiJi Neng toshiteha128KB RAM, PSG(AY-3-8912)niyoru3chiyaneruo-deio, MIDIHu Huan Xing , RS-232shiriarupo-to, RGBmonitapo-to, Gai Shan saretaBASICedeitawoHan mu32KBnoROM, oyobiWai Bu ki-patsudogaaru.

supeinnomadoritsudodeKai Cui saretaJian Ben Shi SIMO '85 deFa Biao sare, supeinde44,250pesetadeFa Mai sareta. Spectrum+noZai Ku gaDuo Shu Can tsuteitatame, igirisuGuo Nei dekonoXin Ji Zhong gaFa Mai saretanoha1986Nian 1Yue nokotode, Jia Ge haPS179.95tosareta[24]. igirisudehaWai Bu ki-patsudohaYong Yi sarezu, sonoDuan Zi haJi Ju [AUX] toGai Ming sareteFa Mai sareta. tadashi, Wai Bu ki-patsudoYong ROMru-chinmoCan tsuteitanodeJie Sok surebaShi eruZhuang Tai datsuta.

SpectrumgaShi tsuteiruZ80haadoresubasuga16bitsutonanode, Yi Du niShi Yong Ke Neng namemoriha64KBmadedearu. hamiChu shiteiru80KBnoRAMwoShi Yong surutame, sorewoadoresuKong Jian noXian Tou 16KBnimatsupingudekiruyoubankuQie riHuan eJi Shu woCai Yong shiteShe Ji sareta. Tong Yang ni, 16KBnoBASICnoROMtoXin taniZhui Jia saretaedeitaYong no16KBnoROMmoQie riTi eteShi Yong sareruyouninatsuteiru.

Xin shiisaundochitsuputoMIDIChu Li Ji Neng notameni BASIC ni PLAYkomandogaZhui Jia sareta. mata, Cong Lai Hu Huan no48KBmo-doniYi Xing surukomandotoshite SPECTRUM moZhui Jia sareteiru(Cong Lai Hu Huan mo-dokara128KBmo-doniLi rukomandohaCun Zai shinai). BASICpuroguramingudeZhui Jia saretaRAMwoYou Xiao Li Yong surutame, RAMdeisukunipuroguramuwoBao Chi dekiruyouninatsuteiru. koreranoXin tanakomandohayu-za-Ding Yi Wen Zi noLing Yu woShi tsuteitatame, ikutsukanoBASICpuroguramudehaHu Huan Xing Wen Ti gaFa Sheng shita.

Cong Lai Ji Zhong tohaYi narisupi-ka-woNei Zang shiteinai. Yin haterebinosupi-ka-karaChu ruyouninatsuteiru[25].

supeinBan dehaYou Xia no "128K" norogogaBai ninatsuteitaga, igirisuBan dehaChi ninatsuteita.

amusutoratsudonoJi Zhong

[Bian Ji ]

ZX Spectrum +2

[Bian Ji ]
ZX Spectrum +2

1986Nian Fa Mai . SpectrumZhi Pin to[shinkurea] burandowoMai iQu tsutaamusutoratsudoShe gaZui Chu niFa Mai shitanoga ZX Spectrum +2 dearu. mashinhaXin tanigureinoWai Guan tonari, supuringuRu rinoPu Tong noki-bo-do, ziyoisuteitsukux2po-to, Amstrad CPC 464 toTong ziZu miIp miXing nokasetsutoreko-da-[Datacoder] woNei Zang shiteirunadonoTe Zheng gaaru. soreYi Wai noyu-za-karaJian eruBu Fen ha ZX Spectrum 128 tohoboTong zidearu. meinmeniyu-niatsuta "Tape Test" opushiyongaXue Chu sare, amusutoratsudonokopi-raitowoBiao Shi suruyouninatsuteiru. konotame, ROMNei ru-chinwoadoresuZhi Ding shiteHu biChu shiteirusohutoueadeFei Hu Huan gaFa Sheng shita. Zhi Zao kosutonoDi Jian niyori, Xiao Mai Jia Ge haPS139-PS149niDi Xia shita[26].

Xin shiiki-bo-dodeha, sohutoueanoro-doniYou Yong datsutaki-wa-do LOAD, CODE, RUNYi Wai noBASICYan Yu ki-wa-dogaSheng kareta. tadashi, ki-Pei Lie ha 128 toTong zidearu.

ZX Spectrum +2A

[Bian Ji ]
ZX Spectrum +2A

ZX Spectrum +2A ha Spectrum +3 wo Spectrum +2 noke-sunoHei iba-ziyonniRu retamonodearu. +2Ato+3nomaza-bo-do(amusutoratsudonoBu Pin Fan Hao deha Z70830)ha, +3denoFDDkontoro-raBu Fen noHui Lu oyobi+2Adenode-tako-daYong noHui Lu gaFen Li saretaShe Ji ninatsuteiru[27]. Yuan "amusutoratsudoha +2A/+2B Xiang keniFDDintahue-su AMSTRAD SI-1 woFa Mai suruYu Ding datsutaga[28], Shi Ji niFa Mai sarerukotohanakatsuta. FDDdoraibuwoJie Sok suruto, OSmeniyu-ga +3 nomonotoTong zininaruyouShe Ji sareteita.

Dian Yuan Bu nointahue-suha+3toTong Yi daga, ACadaputanoke-suniha "Sinclair +2" toShu kareteiru.

ZX Spectrum +2B

[Bian Ji ]

ZX Spectrum +2B to ZX Spectrum +3B haJi Neng De nihasorezore +2A to +3 niSi teiru[29]. Dian Zi De naWei ihaYin Xiang Xin Hao Chu Li noGai Shan de, kuritsupingu(Ying Yu Ban )Wen Ti niDui Chu shiteiruDian dearu.

+2Bnomaza-bo-do(amusutoratsudonoBu Pin Fan Hao dehaZ70833)haFDDkontoro-raniDui Ying shiteinaitame, +3Bniatsupugure-dosurukotohadekinai. nao, +3BnitsuitehaShi Ji niZhi Zao saretakadoukamoDing kadehanai.

ZX Spectrum +3

[Bian Ji ]
ZX Spectrum +3

1987Nian Fa Mai . +2 niyokuSi teiruga, Amstrad CPC 6128toTong ziku, kasetsutoreko-da-noDai warini3inchinohurotsupi-deisukudoraibuwoNei Zang shiteirunogaTe Zheng dearu. ke-suhaHei . Dang Chu noXiao Mai Jia Ge haPS249[30], Hou niPS199tonatsuta[31]. SpectrumdehaWei Yi , Zhui Jia ha-doueanashideCP/MwoShi Xing dekiru.

+3nihasaraniROMgaZhui Jia sare, Wu Li De niha32KBnoROMwo2Ge Da Zai shiteita. Zhui Jia noROMniha, +3nodeisukuopere-teingushisutemu +3DOS gaNei Zang sareteiru. Xin shiiROMtoCP/MwoShi iyasukusurutamenibankuQie riHuan enoreiautogaBian Geng sare, ROMQuan Ti wope-ziautoshitari, deisupureiRAMnotameni3tsuno16KBpe-ziwoTi Gong surukotogadekirunadonoBian Geng Dian gaaru.

sonoyounaJi Ben De Bian Geng niyoriFei Hu Huan tonatsuta.

  • Kuo Zhang basukonekutaShang nobideo, pawa-, IORQGEtoitsutaShu raingaXue Chu sareta. Duo kunoZhou Bian Zhuang Zhi deWen Ti gaFa Sheng shi, VTX5000modemuhaJian niBian Huan Zhuang Zhi woXie muBi Yao gaSheng zita.
  • Liang Fang noROMwoShi Yong Bu Ke nidekiruyou, Kuo Zhang basunoROMCSrainga2Ben ninatsuta.
  • Cun Zai shinaiRu Chu Li po-towoDu muto, Chang niTong ziZhi woFan sutoiuXing Zhi ganakunatsuta. konotame, arukanoidonoyounage-mugaYou benakunatsuta.
  • memoritaimingugaBian Hua shita. RAMbankuQie riTi enoChong Tu niyotsute, Gao Su Se Bian Geng toiuJi gaShi enakunatsuta.
  • ROMkaraki-patsudo*sukiyanru-chingaXue Chu sareta.

48KYong noikutsukato128KYong nogokuYi Bu noge-muhaHu Huan Xing ganakuDong Zuo shinakatsuta. ZX Interface 1 haKuo Zhang basuyaROMnoFei Hu Huan deShi enakatsuta. sonotame, maikurodoraibuZhuang Zhi woJie Sok dekinakunatsuta.

Dian Yuan noDian Ya ha+2A/BtoTong zidekonekutamoTong ziXing Zhuang nanode, +2A/BnoACadaputagasonomamaShi eru. tadashi, +3Yong ACadaputanoke-suniha "Sinclair +3" toShu kareteita.

1990Nian 12Yue madeSheng Chan sare, SpectrumtoshitehaZui Hou noGong Shi Zhi Zao moderutonatsuta. sonoShi madaigirisudenoho-mukonpiyu-taFan Mai Tai Shu no3Fen no1woZhan meteitaga, amusutoratsudoShe haGu Ke woCPCniYi Xing saserutameniSpectrumnoFan Mai woTing Zhi shita.

kuro-n

[Bian Ji ]
Didaktik M(chiekosurobakiaZhi noSpectrumkuro-n)

shinkureaha Spectrum noShe Ji raisensuwoamerikanotaimetsukusuShe niGong Yu shi, taimetsukusuhaDu Zi niFei Hu Huan naSpectrumPai Sheng Pin Timex Sinclair 2068 woZhi Zao shita. shikashi, taimetsukusunoGai Liang noikutsukagaHou nishinkureaniYing Xiang woYu eteiru. Li eba, Chu He niZhi ranakatsuta Pandora toiuXi Dai Ban Spectrumgaaru. koreha, 2068 noGao Jie Xiang gurahuitsukuwoQu riRu re, huratsutonadeisupureito ZX Microdrive toiute-puJi Lu Zhuang Zhi woBei etapo-taburunakonpiyu-tadearu. amusutoratsudoShe noaran*shiyuga-gashinkureanokonpiyu-taBu Men woMai iQu tsutatoki, kuraibu*shinkureahaPandorapuroziekutonoQuan Li woamusutoratsudonihaMai Que sezu, sorega1987Nian no Cambridge Z88(Ying Yu Ban ) hetotsunagatsuta[32].

igirisudeha, SpectrumnoZhou Bian Zhuang Zhi benda-dearu Miles Gordon Technology(MGT)ga Spectrum toHu Huan Xing noaru SAM Coupe woriri-sushiteiru. shikashikonoDang Shi , Amigaya Atari ST gaShi Chang woXi Juan shiteitatame, MGThaSpectrumnoZui Hou woJian Jie ketaXing tonatsuta.

Duo kunoFei Gong Shi na ZX Spectrum nokuro-ngaTe niDong Ce Zhu Guo toNan amerikaZhu Guo deZhi Zao sareta. Li eba, ru-maniadeha Tim-S, HC85, HC91, Cobra, Junior, CIP, CIP 3, Jet toitsutaYang "namoderugaSheng mare, Zhong nihaCP/MgaDong Zuo surumonoya5.25inchiya3.5inchinoFDDwoNei Zang shitamonomoatsuta. mata, buraziruZhi kuro-ntoshiteha TK 90X ya TK 95 gaaru.

sobietoLian Bang deha, ZX Spectrum kuro-nwoShu Qian noXin Xing Qi Ye gaZhi Zao Fan Mai shi, posuta-Guang Gao deXuan Chuan sare, Lu Dian deMai rareteita. Planet Sinclair niha50Yi Shang nokuro-ngarisutoatsupusareteiru[33]. Pentagon ya ATM Turbo toitsutaikutsukanokuro-nhaXian Zai moZhi Zao sareteiru. indodeha1986Nian ni Spectrum+ noraisensuGong Yu woShou kete Decibells Electronics gaSheng Chan shiteita.

Xiang Xi supetsuku

[Bian Ji ]
ZX Spectrum 48K maza-bo-do(Issue 3B - 1983Nian )
  • CPU
  • ROM
    • 16 KB ROM(BASICYan Yu : Spectrum 16/48K, +)
    • 32 KB ROM(BASICYan Yu , edeita: Spectrum 128, +2)
    • 64 KB ROM(BASICYan Yu , edeita, Wen Fa chietsuka-, DOS: Spectrum +3, +2A, +2B)
  • RAM
    • 16 KB RAM (Spectrum 16K)
    • 48 KB RAM (Spectrum 48K, +)
    • 128 KB RAM (Spectrum 128, +2, +3, +2A, +2B)
  • deisupurei
    • tekisuto: 32x24 Wen Zi
    • gurahuitsukusu: 256x192 pikuseru, 15Se (8x8pikuserunoFan Wei Nei niha2Se made)
  • saundo
    • bi-puYin (1chiyanneru, 10okuta-bu, 10Zhong Yi Shang noYin Se : Spectrum 16K to 48K dehaNei Zang supi-ka-, Ta haterebiYin Sheng )
    • zeneraru*insutsurumento AY-3-8912 chitsupu(3chiyanneru, 9okuta-bu(PLAY komando), 27 Hz - 110.83 kHz: Spectrum 128, +2, +2A, +3)
  • Ru Chu Li
    • Z80 basuRu Chu Li
    • te-puYin Sheng Ru Chu Li : Wai Bu kasetsutote-puJi Yi Zhuang Zhi Yong (Spectrum +2 Yi Wai noQuan Ji Zhong )
    • RFmoziyure-taniyoruterebiChu Li
    • RS-232 Ru Chu Li (128K moderunomi)
    • MIDI Chu Li (128K moderunomi)
    • RGB monitaChu Li (128K moderunomi)
    • ziyoisuteitsuku Ru Li x 2(Spectrum +2, +2A, +3)
    • Wai Bu tenki-Ru Li po-to(Spectrum 128 to +2)
    • Bu Zhu Ru Li po-to(Wai Bu tenki-po-totoTong zi)(Spectrum +2A, +3)
    • parareru purintapo-to(Spectrum +2A, +3)
    • Wai Bu hurotsupi-deisuku po-to(Spectrum +3)
  • Ji Yi Zhuang Zhi
    • Wai Bu kasetsutote-pureko-da-(+2 Yi Wai noQuan Ji Zhong )
    • 1 - 8Tai noWai Bu ZX maikurodoraibu(shinkureaDu Zi noru-puXing Ci Qi te-puZhuang Zhi )
    • Nei Zang kasetsutote-pureko-da-(Spectrum +2, +2A)
    • Nei Zang 3inchihurotsupi-deisukuZhuang Zhi (Spectrum +3)

Zhou Bian Ji Qi

[Bian Ji ]

shinkureaZi Shen moikutsukanoSpectrumYong Zhou Bian Ji Qi woFan Mai shita. SpectrumnopurintaYong intahue-suhaZX81toTong zidatsutanode, purinta ZX Printer haShi Chang niJi niCun Zai shiteita[34].

adoonmoziyu-ru ZX Interface 1 ha, 8KB ROM, RS-232shiriarupo-to, Du Zi LANinta-hueisu(ZX Net)woBei e, ZXmaikurodoraibu(Ying Yu Ban )wo8Tai madeJie Sok Ke Neng datsuta. ZXmaikurodoraibuha1983Nian 7Yue niriri-susaretaRuo Gan Xin Lai Xing noDi iGao Su ru-puXing te-puka-toritsuziZhuang Zhi dearu[35][36]. korerahaHou niGai Liang sareteSinclair QLdeShi waretaga, Dian Qi De nihaHu Huan Xing gaatsutamonono, SpectrumtohaLun Li De naHu Huan Xing ganakatsuta. shinkureaha ZX Interface 2 moHou niriri-sushiteite, 2tsunoziyoisuteitsukupo-totoROMka-toritsuzipo-togaZhui Jia sareteita[37].

mata, sa-dopa-teinoZhou Bian Zhuang Zhi haFei Chang niDuo katsuta. yokuZhi rareteirumonotoshiteha, Kempstonnoziyoisuteitsuku*intahue-su, Morexnosentoronikusu/RS-232Cinta-hueisu, CurrahShe noYin Sheng He Cheng Zhuang Zhi [37], Videofacedezitaiza[38], RAMpatsuku, Cheetah Marketing noSpecDrum(doramumashin)[39], Romantic Robotno Multiface(sunatsupushiyotsutooyobiNi asenburitsu-ru)gaaru[40]. mataBen Ti noki-bo-dogaBu Ping datsutatame, sa-dopa-teiZhi ki-bo-domoDuo Shu Deng Chang shita[41].

mata, Yang "nadeisukuZhuang Zhi moriri-susareta. Zhong nihabizinesuYong sohutouea(wa-dopurosetsusa, Biao Ji Suan sohuto, de-tabe-sunado)gabandorusaretamonomoatsuta. Te niYou Ming naFDDintahue-sutoshite, Miles Gordon Technology no DISCiPLE (1987) to +D (1988) gaaru. korerahaSpectrumnomemoriime-ziwohurotsupi-nise-busurukotogad eki, risutoasurukotodese-buShi sonomamanoZhuang Tai woZai Kai surukotogadekiru. mata, maikurodoraibunokomandoWen Fa toHu Huan Xing gaari, Ji Cun sohutoueanoYi Zhi gaRong Yi datsuta[42].

1980Nian Dai Zhong Qi ni, Telemap Group Ltd haVTX5000modemuwoShi tsuteSpectrumwoPrestelnoYun Ying suru Micronet 800 toiubideotetsukususa-bisunoYi Zhong niJie Sok suruYou Liao sa-bisuwoLi chiShang geta.

sohutouea

[Bian Ji ]

Spectrumhuamiri-haShao nakutomo23,000taitoruYi Shang toiuFei Chang niDa kinasohutouearaiburariwoYou shiteori[43], Jin mosonoShu haZeng etsutsuaru. Spectrum noJi Neng gaDi reberudatsutanimokakawarazu, sonosohutoueahaFei Chang niDuo Zhong Duo Yang deari, puroguraminguYan Yu Chu Li Xi , de-tabe-su(VU-File[44]nado), wa-dopurosetsusa(Tasword II[45]nado), Biao Ji Suan sohuto(VU-Calc[44]nado), Miao Hua /peintosohuto(OCP Art Studio[46]nado), San Ci Yuan moderingu(VU-3D[47][48]nado), Kao Gu Xue sohuto[49]yaYang "naZhong Lei nosohutoueagaatsuta[50].

Spectrumnoha-doueanoZhi Xian niyori, ge-mudezainnihaTe Shu naChuang Zao Xing gaBi Yao tosare, Fei Chang niDu Chuang De nage-mugaDuo Shu Dan Sheng shita[51]. Chu Qi moderuhaziyoisuteitsukuYong po-toganaku, saundoJi Neng gaYuan Shi De de, kara-Biao Shi moPin Ruo datsutaga, ge-muYong puratsutohuo-mutoshiteDa iniCheng Gong woShou meta[52].

Pei Bu Mei Ti

[Bian Ji ]

Duo kunoSpectrumsohutoueahakasetsutote-pudeFan Mai sareta. Spectrumha, hotondodonoyounakasetsutote-pupure-ya-demoShi eruyouShe Ding sareteori[53], Yin Sheng Zai Sheng noZhong Shi Du gaYang "datsutanimokakawarazu, sohutoueanoro-deinguhaJi meteXin Lai Xing gaGao katsuta.

sohutoueaha, te-puShang deFu Hao Hua sare, Zai Sheng shitemirutomodemunoYin noyouniWen koeru. ZX SpectrumnoFu Hao Hua Fang Shi haFei Chang niYuan Shi De dagaXin Lai Xing gaGao ku, parusuFu Bian Diao niSi teirugaYi Ding nokurotsukudehanakatsuta. parusunoFu niyotsute 0 to 1 woBiao shiteiru. [zero] ha244mMiao noparusudeBiao sare, sonoHou niTong ziFu nogiyatsupugaBi zuCun Zai suru. Cong tsuteHe Ji de 489mMiao tonaru. [1] noparusuFu haEr Bei nanodeHe Ji de 977mMiao tonaru. konotame, Yi Miao Jian niJi Lu dekirunoha 1023Ge no[1] ka, 2047Ge no[zero] dearu. 0to1ga1:1deHun Zai shiteireba, Ping Jun De naJi Lu Su Du ha 1365bpstonaru. ROMru-chinwoShi wazuniDu Zi niJi Jie Yu depuroguramuwoShu keba, motsutoGao Su naJi Lu moKe Neng datsuta.

Li Lun Shang , Biao Zhun no48Knopuroguramuha, ro-dosurunoniYue 5Fen kakaru. 49152baito x 8 = 393216bitsuto. 393216bitsuto/1350bo- 300Miao = 5Fen . Shi Ji niha, 48KBnopuroguramunoro-doni3 - 4Fen kakari, 128KBworo-dosuruniha12Fen Yi Shang kakatsuta. beteranyu-za-hate-puwoZai Sheng surudakede, Ji Jie Yu nanokaBASICpuroguramunanokaHua Mian ime-zinanokanado, sonoZhong Lei woDang terukotogadekitatoiu.

ro-deingunotamenoDian Xing De naShe Ding ha, Yin Liang wo3/4Cheng Du nishite, Gao Yin (Treble)wo100%, Di Yin (Bass)wo0%nisurutoiumonodearu. raudonesuyaDNRnadonohuiruta-haQie tsuteokuBi Yao gaari, Hi-Fipureiya-haShi sanai. konoYong Tu niZui Shi Hua saretareko-da-toshitetaimetsukusunomononadogaaru.

ZXmaikurodoraibuhaDeng Chang shitakorohaHao Ping datsutaga[54], ka-toritsuzinoPin Zhi toWei Fa kopi-Fang Zhi gaKun Nan dearukotonadohenoXuan Nian kara, Pei Bu Mei Ti toshitehaZhu Liu nihanaranakatsuta[55]. sonotame, kasetsutote-puwoBu Wan suruXing denoriri-suMei Ti toshiteShi ware, ge-mugamaikurodoraibudakederiri-susaretaLi hanai.

ZX Spectrum +3 gaDeng Chang suruto, 1987Nian kara1997Nian madeni700taitoruYi Shang gahurotsupi-deisukuwoMei Ti toshiteriri-susareta[43].

te-puniJia ete, sohutoueahaHuo Zi medeia, Za Zhi [56], Ben [57]woTong shitemoPei Bu sareta. konotokiShi waretaYan Yu ha Sinclair BASIC dearu. Du Zhe hapuroguramuwoShou deDa chiIp mi, kasetsutote-puniBao Cun shita. konoShou nosohutoueahaDi Wei deChi imonogaDuo katsutaga, suguniZa Zhi nadonihachietsukusamuFu kinoJi Jie Yu norisuto(Shi Liu Jin Fa )gaZai ruyouninatsuta.

Te Shu nasohutoueaPei Bu Fang Fa toshite, razioyaterebinoFan Zu gaatsuta. Li eba, beogura-do, po-rando, chiekosurobakia, ru-manianadode, Si Hui Zhe gapuroguramunoNei Rong woShuo Ming shi, Shi Ting Zhe nikasetsutote-pureko-da-woraziomatahaterebitoJie Sok suruyouZhi Shi shite, Yin Sheng toshitepuroguramuwoFang Song shita[58]. mouhitotsunoTe Shu naFang Fa ha, sonoshi-towoShi umonodearu. konosonoshi-toha[hurotsupi-ROM] toHu bare, huransunoZa Zhi deShi waretaShou Fa dearu.

sohutoueanokopi-tobatsukuatsupu

[Bian Ji ]

Spectrumniha, kasetsutote-pukaraBie note-pu, maikurodoraibu, hurotsupi-deisukunadonipuroguramuwokopi-suruyu-teiriteisohut ogaDuo Shu Cun Zai shita[59]. sonotamesohutoueaYe Zhe hakopi-ga-dowoZhi Pin niShi shi, Yang "naro-doFang Shi woDao Ru shita[60]. shikashi, Multifacenoyouni ZX Spectrum nomemorinoNei Rong wobotan1tsudemarugotokopi-suruZhou Bian Ji Qi moari, Wan Quan nikopi-woFang gukotohaBu Ke Neng datsuta.

Ta nokopi-Dui Ce toshite, Fu Shu dokiyumentoNei niShu kareteiruTe Ding noDan Yu noRu Li woQiu merunadonoFang Shi moatsuta. Te Bi subekikopi-Yu Fang Ce toshite, LenslokFang Shi gaaru. koreha, patsuke-ziniTong Kun saretapurasuchitsukuZhi nopurizumuwoShi umonode, korewoTong shiteHua Mian woJian rutosukuranburusaretaHua Mian karapasuwa-dowoDu miQu rerutoiumonodearu.

SpectrumYong sohutoueahaJin Nian , Xian Xing noMei Ti henoBian Huan , daunro-doKe Neng naXing Tai henoZhuan Huan gaJin ndeiru. te-puMei Ti karanoBian Huan Yong puroguramutoshite Taper gaaru. kasetsutopure-ya-wosaundoka-donorainRu Li niJie Sok suruka, PCnopararerupo-tonikasetsutopure-ya-woJie Sok suruZhuang Zhi woZi Zuo surukotodeShi eru[61]. soushitehosutomashinShang nohuairunoXing niBian Huan sureba, Shu aruemiyure-tadeShi Xing dekiruyouninaru.

ZX Spectrum Yong sohutoueanoZui Da noonrain*a-kaibutoshite World of Spectrum gaari, 21,000taitoruYi Shang wosoroeteiru. sonoFa De Zheng Dang Xing nihaYi Wen moari, Yi Bu noZhu Zuo Quan Zhe gasokoniatsupuro-dosaretasohutoueaniDui shiteMing Que niYi Yi woChang eteiruga, Bao Guan notamenia-kaibusurukotoniXu Ke woYu eteiruZhu Zuo Quan Zhe moiru[62].

komiyunitei

[Bian Ji ]

ZX Spectrum Zhou Bian nihaDang Chu karaQiang Li nakomiyuniteigaCun Zai shita. Sinclair User (1982), Your Sinclair (1983), CRASH (1984) toitsutaZhuan Men Za Zhi moKan Xing sareteita. koreranoZa Zhi haDang Chu hapuroguramuRu Li yaJi Jie Yu chiyu-toriarunadoFei Chang niJi Shu De naNei Rong datsutaga, Xu "nige-muZhuan Men Zhi tonatsuteitsuta.

SpectrumhahuankaraAi Qing wokomete Speccy toHu bareteita[63].

2012Nian 4Yue 23Ri , Googleha Google Doodle deSpectrumno30Zhou Nian woZhu tsuta. sonoRi hageorugiosunoRi demoatsutatame, sonorogohaSpectrumnogurahuitsukusuHua Mian noyounasutairude, Sheng georugiosutodoragongaZhan tsuteiruHui ninatsuteita[64].

Jiao Zhu

[Bian Ji ]

Chu Dian

[Bian Ji ]
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  3. ^ a b Dickinson, Rick. "specModel01". Sinclair Spectrum development. 2007Nian 7Yue 24Ri Yue Lan .
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  11. ^ EP patent 0107687, Richard Francis Altwasser, "Display for a computer", issued 1988-07-06, assigned to Sinclair Research Ltd
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  22. ^ (supeinYu ) Ministerio de Economia y Hacienda (BOE 211 de 3/9/1985), Real Decreto 1558/1985, de 28 de agosto, por el que se aclara el alcance del minimo especifico introducido en la subpartida 84.53.B.II del Arancel de Aduanas, por el Real Decreto 1215/1985. Rango: Real Decreto, Paginas: 27743 - 27744, Referencia: 1985/18847.
  23. ^ (supeinYu ) Ministerio de Industria y Energia (BOE 179 de 27/7/1985), Real Decreto 1250/1985, de 19 de junio, por el que se establece la sujecion a especificaciones tecnicas de los terminales de pantalla con teclado, perifericos para entrada y representacion de informacion en equipo de proceso de datos. Rango: Real Decreto, Paginas: 23840 - 23841, Referencia: 1985/15611.
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  25. ^ ZX Spectrum 128 Manual p. 9 at World of Spectrum
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  27. ^ Spectrum +3 Service Manual. AMSTRAD. p.18.
  28. ^ Spital, Ivor. Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2A. AMSTRAD, 1987. p.354.
  29. ^ Spectrum +2B/+3B Service Manual. AMSTRAD.
  30. ^ South, Phil (July 1987). "It's here... the Spectrum +3". Your Sinclair (17): 22-23. http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=YourSinclair/Issue19/Pages/YourSinclair1900022.jpg 2008Nian 8Yue 5Ri Yue Lan . .
  31. ^ Amstrad (November 1987). "The new Sinclair has one big disk advantage". Sinclair User (68): 2-3. http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=SinclairUser/Issue068/Pages/SinclairUser06800002.jpg 2008Nian 8Yue 5Ri Yue Lan . .
  32. ^ Goodwin, Simon (April 1987). "SINCLAIR'S Z88 -- Pandora's Box?". Crash (39). http://www.crashonline.org.uk/39/z88.htm 2011Nian 6Yue 30Ri Yue Lan . .
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  34. ^ Owen, Chris. "ZX Printer". Planet Sinclair. 2006Nian 8Yue 24Ri Yue Lan .
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  37. ^ a b "Hardware World: Sinclair cartridges may be out of step". Sinclair User (21): 35. (December 1983). http://www.sincuser.f9.co.uk/021/hardwre.htm 2006Nian 8Yue 29Ri Yue Lan . .
  38. ^ Frey, Franco (February 1987). "Tech Niche: Videoface to Face". CRASH (37): 86-87. http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=Crash/Issue37/Pages/Crash3700086.jpg 2008Nian 8Yue 5Ri Yue Lan . .
  39. ^ Bates, Jon (April 1986). "Tech Niche: SpecDrum". CRASH (27): 100. http://www.crashonline.org.uk/27/specdrum.htm 2007Nian 8Yue 9Ri Yue Lan . .
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  55. ^ Foot, Cathy (November 1985). "Microdrive revisited". CRASH (22): 8. http://www.crashonline.org.uk/22/opinion.htm 2006Nian 8Yue 10Ri Yue Lan . .
  56. ^ Grimwood, Jim. "The Type Fantastic". 2008Nian 9Yue 16Ri Yue Lan .
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  58. ^ "News". Sinclair User (16): 17. (July 1983). http://www.sincuser.f9.co.uk/016/news.htm 2006Nian 8Yue 19Ri Yue Lan . .
  59. ^ van der Heide, Martijn. "Sinclair Inforseek". World of Spectrum. 2008Nian 9Yue 18Ri Yue Lan .
  60. ^ Barker, Andy. "ZX Spectrum Loading Schemes". 2008Nian 9Yue 18Ri Yue Lan .
  61. ^ van der Heide, Martijn. "Taper". World of Spectrum. 2008Nian 9Yue 12Ri Yue Lan .
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  63. ^ "The YS Top 100 Speccy Games Of All Time (Ever!)". Your Sinclair (70): 31. (October 1991). http://www.ysrnry.co.uk/articles/ystop100.htm 2007Nian 6Yue 13Ri Yue Lan . .
  64. ^ "St. George's Day / The 30th Anniversary of the ZX Spectrum". Google. 2012Nian 5Yue 8Ri Yue Lan .

Guan Lian Xiang Mu

[Bian Ji ]

Wai Bu rinku

[Bian Ji ]
uikimedeia*komonzuniha, ZX SpectrumniGuan Lian surumedeiagaarimasu.
ge-mupasokon / pasokonge-mu
hobi-pasokon
(Ji Zhong Yong noge-musohutoga
arumononomiJi Zai )
Ri Ben Dian Qi
Fu Shi Tong
shiya-pu
sonoTa
ho-mukonpiyu-ta(Mi Guo )
atari
Apple
komodo-ru
tandei
sonoTa
ho-mukonpiyu-ta(Ying Guo )
shinkurea*risa-chi
eiko-n*konpiyu-ta
amusutoratsudo
sonoTa
Fan Yong OSJi Qi
(PCnohoka, botannado
ge-muYong Tu noZhuang Zhi wo
Bei etamononomiJi Zai )
DOS
Windows
ge-minguPC
ASUS
(maikurosohuto)
GamePad Digital
One-Netbook
sonoTa
Han Zi Talk
Classic Mac OS
macOS
Android
sonoTa LinuxXi