CPU

CPU(shi-pi-yu-, Ying : central processing unit), Zhong Yang Chu Li Zhuang Zhi (chiyuuoushiyorisouchi)matahaZhong Yang Yan Suan Chu Li Zhuang Zhi (chiyuuouenzanshiyorisouchi)ha, konpiyu-tanoZhu Yao naGou Cheng Yao Su de, de-tanoYan Suan yakonpiyu-taNei noZhuang Zhi noZhi Yu nadowoXing uZhuang Zhi ^[1]. konpiyu-taniokeruZhong Xin De naChu Li Zhuang Zhi (purosetsusa)^[2].

[CPU] noYi Wei ha, Yan Mi niYan uto, [purosetsusa] ^{[Zhu Shi 1]}ya[maikuropurosetsusa] tohaYi Wei gaYi natsuteori, Fan Wei noWei igaaru.

Dang Chu , konpiyu-tanoZhong Yang Chu Li Zhuang Zhi (CPU) ha, daio-doyatoranzisutanadonoDan Ji Neng noNeng Dong Su Zi niDi Kang yakondensanadonoShou Dong Su Zi woZu miHe wasetaDian Zi Hui Lu wo, Hui Lu burotsukugotoniXiang Hu Jie Sok shitamonodeatsuta. konpiyu-tanoBao Shou Xing Xiang Shang toKe Yong Xing Que Bao notamemoziyu-ruHua saretaDian Zi Hui Lu woetsuzikonekutadeJie Sok shi(puraguinka-do), moziyu-rugaCha Ru sarerukonekutaXiang Hu woPeng Da naPei Xian deXiang Hu Jie Sok shitakotokaraZhi Zao kosutomoJi meteGao kutsuita. yagateBan Dao Ti noshirikonueha-karaJi Ji Hui Lu woZuo reruyouninaruto, Dian Zi Hui Lu woshirikonueha-niZuo riIp ndeJi Ji Hui Lu woZhi Zao shi, Ji Ji Hui Lu wopurintoJi Ban niShi Zhuang shiteZhong Yang Chu Li Zhuang Zhi woZuo ruyouninatsuta. Ji Ji Hui Lu noJi Ji Du gaXiang Shang shiteDa Gui Mo Ji Ji Hui Lu (LSI)woZuo reruyouninaruto, Ban Dao Ti chitsupunoZhong niZhong Yang Chu Li Zhuang Zhi wosonoZhou Bian Hui Lu gotoZuo riIp mukotogaKe Neng ninari, 1968Nian nihaJun Yong noF-14 (Zhan Dou Ji )Xiang kenosentoraru*ea*de-ta*konpiyu-taga, 1971Nian nihaMin Sheng Yong toshiteChu tonarumaikuropurosetsusanoIntel 4004ga, sorezoreZhi Zao sareta^{[Zhu Shi 2]}.

naoDa Xing Fan Yong konpiyu-tawoZhi su{meinhure-mu} toiuYong Yu ha, Dang Shi nokonpiyu-taZhuang Zhi gaCPUyaZhu Ji Yi Zhuang Zhi , Bu Zhu Ji Yi Zhuang Zhi yaRu Chu Li Zhi Yu Zhuang Zhi Ji Qi Lei nadowoJi Neng yunitsutogotoniKuang Ti niShou meruJi , Ke Yong Xing toBao Shou Xing noQue Bao notameWan Zhang naWaku (Ying : frame, hure-mu)woChi tsuKuang Ti deatsutakotoniYou Lai suruYong Yu dearu. sonoZhong deZhong Yang Chu Li Zhuang Zhi (CPU) gaaruhure-muwo{mein} (Zhu Yao Bu )toHu ndakotoniyori, meinhure-mutoHu bareruyouninatsuta^[4].

Ji Neng toDong Zuo

CPUhaJi Yi Zhuang Zhi Shang niarupuroguramutoHu bareruMing Ling Lie woShun niDu miIp ndeJie Shi *Shi Xing surukotodeQing Bao noJia Gong woXing nau. CPUhakonpiyu-taNei denoYan Suan woXing nauZhong Xin deari, CPUhaTong Chang habasutoHu bareruXin Hao Xian woJie shiteZhu Ji Yi Zhuang Zhi yaRu Chu Li Hui Lu niJie Sok sare, He Duan Jie kanoRu Chu Li Hui Lu woJie shiteBu Zhu Ji Yi Zhuang Zhi yaBiao Shi Zhuang Zhi , Tong Xin Zhuang Zhi nadonoZhou Bian Ji Qi gaJie Sok sare, de-tayapuroguramunadoQing Bao noyaritoriwoXing nau.

konoyounaCPUwoYong itapuroguramuniyorukonpiyu-tanoZhu Ci Dong Zuo gahotondonokonpiyu-tanoJi Ben De naDong Zuo Yuan Li tonatsuteiru. Ji Yi Zhuang Zhi Shang nipuroguramuwoPei Zhi shitekara, puroguramuwoShi Xing suruFang Shi wopuroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi toYan u.

Xian Zai noCPUha, Bu Pin toshitehapurosetsusano1Zhong dearu. purosetsusanoDuo kuhamaikurochitsuputoshiteShi Zhuang sareteori, maikuropurosetsusayaMPU (Micro Processing Unit) toHu bareru. mata, Suan Shu Yan Suan Ji Neng woQiang Hua shiXin Hao Chu Li niTe Hua shitadezitarushigunarupurosetsusa (DSP) ya, memoriyaZhou Bian Hui Lu woDa Zai shiZu Ip Ji Qi Zhi Yu woMu De toshitamaikurokontoro-ra(maikon)nadonoZhan Kai Zhong moDeng Chang shiteiru.

Zhuan Yong noDian Zi Hui Lu niBi berutoShi Xing Su Du haChi iga, puroguramuwoBian erudakedeDuo Yang naChu Li gaXing naerukotokara, Fei Chang niDuo Qi niwataruYong Tu niShi Yong dekiruFan Yong Xing toRou Ruan Xing gaZui Da noTe Zheng dearu. Zhuan Yong Hui Lu (ha-douea)noBian Geng *Xiu Zheng niBi bereba, sohutoueanoBian Geng *Xiu Zheng haRong Yi deari, Bian Geng *Xiu Zheng nikakarukosutogakakaranaitame, shisutemuShe Ji *Kai Fa nioiteHui Lu Gou Cheng nioitemoBian Geng noLi kupurototaipuwoKai Fa Chu Qi niYong Yi shi, tesutonoDu Du puroguramuwoDu Du Bian Geng shiso-suko-donihui-dobatsukushiteShe Ji woGu merupurototaipinguniXiang ku. konotame, CPUhaoyosoarayurushisutemuniNei Zang sare, Xian Dai noChan Ye yaSheng Huo noWu Tai Gu woZhi eruCun Zai nimadePu Ji shiteiru. Xian Zai Zui moPu Ji shiteiruCPUa-kitekuchiyatoshiteARMa-kitekuchiyagaJu gerareru. Da Zai Dian Chi noWu Li De Zhi Yue yueDi Xiao Fei Dian Li henoYao Qing gaDa kiisuma-tohuonniDa Zai sarerumaikuropurosetsusanohotondogaARMa-kitekuchiyabe-sudeari^{[Zhu Shi 3]}, ARMnoCPUha, ARMShe noFa Biao de2007Nian 11Yue niLei Ji Chu He Ge Shu ga100Yi Ge woChao eru^[6]nado, Jia Dian Zhi Pin karaGong Ye Zhi Pin , Xi Dai Ji Qi nadoniZhi ruDuo kunoshisutemuniZu miIp mare, Ji Qi Zhi Yu woSi tsuteiru. mata, pa-sonarukonpiyu-ta (PC) nado, Xian Zai noFan Yong konpiyu-taZhi Pin niokeruDuo kunoshisutemunomeinCPUnihaChu Dai IBM PCkaranoXi Pu dearuPC/ATHu Huan Ji gapa-sonarukonpiyu-tadeYa Dao De nashieawoChi tsukotokarax86a-kitekuchiyabe-sunoCPUgaYong irareteori, interunox86Xi CPUChu He Shu ha1978Nian 6Yue 9Ri no8086Fa Mai kara2003Nian madeno25Nian de10Yi Ge woYue eta^[7]. iwayurunoimanXing *puroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi nopurosetsusanoGou Zao toJi Ben Dong Zuo ha, Shi Jie deZui Chu noShi Yong De nanoimanXing *puroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi nokonpiyu-tadeatsutaEDSACnoShi Zhuang noShi Dian de, sudeniGou Zao toJi Ben Dong Zuo gaShi Zhuang sareteiru. CPUyaCPUYi Wai nopurosetsusanoFa Da niha, purosesuJi Shu noWei Xi Hua niyoruGao Su Hua , Ming Ling noGe Chu Li Gong Cheng noBing Lie Shi Xing (Ming Ling paipurain, Yan Suan paipurain), Ming Ling noBing Lie Shi Xing (su-pa-suke-ra, VLIW), de-taYan Suan noBing Lie Hua (SIMDYan Suan ), Fu Shu purosetsusa*koanoShi Zhuang (maruchikoa), Fu Shu suretsudonoTong Shi Shi Xing (Tong Shi maruchisuretsudeingu)nadoyasonoTa Duo Shu noYao Su gaaru.

CPUha, Quan Ti woZhi Yu suruZhi Yu Zhuang Zhi , Yan Suan Zhuang Zhi , de-tawoYi Shi Ji Yi sururezisuta, memorinadonoJi Yi Zhuang Zhi tonointahue-su, Zhou Bian Ji Qi tonoRu Chu Li Zhuang Zhi tonointahue-su, nadokaraGou Cheng sareru.

sonoTa Fu Dong Xiao Shu Dian Yan Suan woXing uFPU(Fu Dong Xiao Shu Dian Yan Suan yunitsuto), rezisutayoriDuo kunoQing Bao woYi Shi Ji Yi surukiyatsushiyumemori, DMAkontoro-ra, taima-, shiriaruintahue-sunadonoJi Neng woCPUtoTong Yi ICNei niChi tsumonomoaru. mata, memorikaraDu miIp ndaMing Ling Yu woNei Bu De naopere-shiyonniZhi kiHuan eruBian Huan Bu woChi tsumonomoaru.

kurotsukuTong Qi She Ji noCPUha, kurotsukuXin Hao niyotsuteGui Ze Zheng shiitaimingudeGe Bu noDong Zuo woTong Zhi sareteiru. Tong zimaikuroa-kitekuchiyanoCPUdearebakurotsukuZhou Bo Shu gaGao iFang gaGao Su niDong Zuo shi, Yi Ding Shi Jian niDuo kunokotowoChu Li dekiru. tadashisonoDai wariniXiao Fei Dian Li yaFa Re gaDa kikunarutoiuWen Ti moFa Sheng suru. 1kurotsukudeChu Li dekiruNei Rong haCPUoyobiMing Ling setsutonoShe Ji niyoriYi nari, Fu Shu kurotsukude1tsunoJi Jie Yu Ming Ling woShi Xing surumonokara, 1kurotsukudeFu Shu noMing Ling woTong Shi niShi Xing dekirumonomadearu. kurotsukuZhou Bo Shu ga1 GHznoCPUha, Ji Ben Hui Lu ga1Miao Jian ni10Yi Hui noDong Zuo wosuru.

Duo kunoCPUdeha, Da makaniYan tsuteZhi Yu Zhuang Zhi gaMing Ling noJie Shi topuroguramunoZhi Yu noLiu rewoZhi Yu shi, Yan Suan Zhuang Zhi gaYan Suan woShi Xing suru.

Gao Xing Neng naCPUya, Fei noimanXing noCPUya, Hua Xiang Chu Li Xiang kenoCPUha, Tong Shi niFu Shu noMing Ling woShi Xing dekiruyouniFu Shu noShi Xing Bu woTong Yi ICNei niChi tsuteirumonogaaru.

Fei Tong Qi She Ji noCPUnitsuiteha, #Fei Tong Qi She Ji noJie woCan Zhao .

noimanXing CPUnoJi Ben De naDong Zuo ha, sonoShi Zhuang niGuan warazupuroguramutoHu bareruMing Ling Lie woShun Fan niShi Xing surukotodearu.

puroguramuhaShu Zhi Lie toshiteHe rakanomemoriniGe Na sareteiru. CPUdeha, huetsuchi (fetch), deko-do (decode), Shi Xing (execute) toiu3tsunosutetsupugahoboBi zuCun Zai suru.

Zui Chu noDuan Jie dearuhuetsuchitoha, Shi Xing subekiMing Ling (aruShu Zhi matahaShu Zhi noBing bi)wopuroguramunoZhi karetamemorikaraQu riChu sukotodearu. memoriShang noShi Xing subekiMing Ling noWei Zhi hapuroguramukauntadeZhi Ding sareru. puroguramukauntahaCPUgaXian Zai Jian teirupuroguramuShang noWei Zhi woShi shiteirutomoYan eru. Ming Ling huetsuchiniShi Yong sareruto, puroguramukauntahahuetsuchishitabundakeZeng Jia saserareru.

CPUgamemorikarahuetsuchishitaMing Ling niyotsuteCPUnoCi nisubekikotogaJue Ding sareru. deko-dodeha, Ming Ling woCPUnitotsuteYi Wei noaruXing Shi niFen Ge suru. Ming Ling woBiao suShu Zhi wodouFen Ge surukaha, Yu mesonoCPUnoMing Ling setsutodeJue Ding sareru. Ming Ling noYi Bu noShu Zhi haMing Ling ko-dotoHu bare, Shi Xing subekiChu Li woZhi Ding suru. sonoTa noBu Fen haoperandotoHu bare, sonoMing Ling deShi Yong suruQing Bao woShi shiteiru. tatoebaJia Suan Ming Ling nooperandohaJia Suan subekiShu Zhi woShi shiteiru. operandonihaShu Zhi sonomonogaShu kareteitari, Shu Zhi noaruChang Suo (memorinoadoresukarezisutanoFan Hao )gaShu kareteiru. Gu iShe Ji deha, deko-da(deko-dowoXing uBu Fen )haBian Geng Bu Ke Neng naha-doueaBu Pin datsuta. shikashi, yoriFu Za deChou Xiang De naCPUyaMing Ling setsutodehamaikuropuroguramuFang Shi gashibashibaShi ware, Ming Ling woYang "naXin Hao niBian Huan surunowoZhu keteiru. konomaikuropuroguramuhaShu kiHuan eKe Neng naChang He gaari, Zhi Zao Hou demoMing Ling deko-doFang Fa woBian Geng surukotogadekiru.

huetsuchitodeko-donoCi ha, Shi Xing sutetsupugaXing wareru. konosutetsupudeha, CPUnoDuo kunoBu Fen gaJie Sok sare(tatoebamaruchipurekusawoQie riTi erunadoshite)Zhi Ding saretaCao Zuo woShi Xing suru. tatoeba, Jia Suan woYao Qiu sareteiruChang He , Jia Suan Qi gaSuo Ding noRu Li toJie Sok sare, Chu Li toJie Sok sareru. Ru Li haJia Suan subekiShu Zhi woTi Gong shi, Chu Li nihaJia Suan Jie Guo gaGe Na sareru. Jia Suan Jie Guo gaDa kisugitesonoCPUniXi enaiChang He , Suan Shu o-ba-huro-huraguwohuragurezisuta(sute-tasurezisuta)nisetsutosuru(RISCdehahuragurezisutagaCun Zai shinaiChang He moaru). Ru Li yaChu Li nihairoironamonogaShi Yong sareru. Yan Suan Jie Guo gaYi Shi De kaaruihasuguniLi Yong sareruChang He niharezisutatoHu bareruGao Su deXiao sanamemoriLing Yu niGe Na sareru. memorimoRu Li yaChu Li niShi wareru. rezisutaYi Wai nomemorihaDi Su daga, kosutoDe nihaYi Ban De namemorinoFang gaAn Jia deariDa Liang node-tawoGe Na dekirutame, konpiyu-tanihaBi Xu dearu.

ikutsukanoMing Ling hapuroguramukauntawoCao Zuo suru. sorerahaYi Ban niziyanpuMing Ling toHu bare, ru-puwoGou Cheng shitari, Tiao Jian Fen Qi woshitari, saburu-chinwoShi Xian surunoniShi wareru. mata, Duo kunoMing Ling hahuragurezisutawoBian Hua saseru. soreranohuraguhapuroguramunoDong Zuo niYing Xiang woYu eru. tatoebaBi Jiao Ming Ling haEr tsunoZhi woBi Jiao shitehuragurezisutanisonoDa Xiao woShi suZhi wosetsutosuru. soshite, sonoZhi woShi Yong shitesonoHou noChu Li noLiu rewoJue Ding suru.

Ming Ling woShi Xing Hou , Tong ziLiu regaZao riFan sareteCi noMing Ling wopuroguramukauntanishitagatsutehuetsuchisuru. motsutoFu Za naCPUdeha, Fu Shu noMing Ling wohuetsuchishi, deko-doshi, Tong Shi niShi Xing surukotomodekiru. shikashi, Ji Ben De nidonnaCPUdemoyatsuteirukotohakokodeShuo Ming shitaLiu retoTong zidearu.

Xian Dai noCPUnoyounaZhuang Zhi gaChu tekuruYi Qian , ENIACnoyounaJi Suan Ji ha, Shi Xing suruChu Li noNei Rong woBian erutabiniWu Li De niPei Xian woBian Geng shiteita. konoyounaJi Jie deha, puroguramuwoBian Geng surutameniWu Li De niZai Gou Cheng suruBi Yao gaaru(tatoebaENIACnadodehapatsuchipanerugaShi wareta)kotokara[puroguramuGu Ding Ji Suan Ji ] toHu barerukotogaaru(nao, ENIAChaFei Chang niXian raretaJi Neng toXing Neng ninaruga, aruCheng Du hapuroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi De naDong Zuo modekita).

CPUhaYi Ban nisohutouea(puroguramu)woShi Xing suruZhuang Zhi toshiteDing Yi sarerutame, CPUtoHu beruZhuang Zhi gaXian retanohapuroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi nokonpiyu-takaradearu. puroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi noKao eFang ha, ENIACnoShe Ji Shi nisudeniCun Zai shiteitaga, mashinnoWan Cheng woZao Qi niKe Neng tosurutame, ENIACnoChu Qi Duan Jie deCai Yong sarenakatsuta. ENIACgaWan Cheng suruYi Qian no1945Nian 6Yue 30Ri , Shu Xue Zhe noziyon*huon*noimannoMing de, EDVACniGuan suruBao Gao Shu noDi Yi Cao Gao (First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC) toiuBao Gao Shu gaGong Kai *Pei Bu sareta. konoZhong de, puroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi nokonpiyu-tanoShe Ji nitsuiteGai Shuo sareteiru^{[Zhu Shi 4]}. konoBao Gao Shu haEDSACnadoniYing Xiang woYu eta. EDVACha1949Nian 8Yue niYi Ying noWan Cheng woJian , abadei-nniYi sareta^{[Zhu Shi 5]}. EDVAChaYang "naMing Ling noJi mariwoShi Xing suruyouShe Ji sareteita. Ming Ling woZu miHe waserukotodeShi Yong De napuroguramuwoGou Cheng shi, EDVACdeDong Zuo saserukotogadekita. EDVACdehapuroguramuhaGao Su namemoriniGe Na sareteori, Wu Li De niPei Xian woBian Geng surukotodeZhi Ding sarerumonodehanaiDian gaZhong Yao dearu. noimanXing noShe Ji deha, EDVACdeDong Zuo saserupuroguramuwoBian Geng surunihamemoriwoShu kiHuan erebayokatsuta(noimanXing hapuroguramuNei Zang dakedenaku, puroguramugade-tatoshiteShu kiHuan eKe Neng dearuDian madeHan muDian niZhu Yi ).

Jie Guo toshitenoimanXing deXian niWan Cheng shitanoha, EDSAC (1949Nian ) yaManchester Mark InoShi Zuo Ji Baby (1948Nian ) deatsuta. EDVAChaXian niShe Ji gaShi matsuteiruga, She Ji Zhe Jian nogotagotagaatsuteWan Cheng gaChi reta. mata, aideareberudehaZuse Z3wo1941Nian niKai Fa shiteirukonratsudo*tsu-zemosoreYi Qian nipuroguramuNei Zang Fang Shi (Shu kiHuan edenaiDian niZhu Yi )woKao An shiteita^{[Zhu Shi 6]}. de-tatopuroguramuwoTong ziJi Yi Zhuang Zhi niGe Na surukadoukatoiuDian gaYi naruFang Shi toshite, ha-ba-do*a-kitekuchiyagaaru. korehaEDVACYi Qian niWan Cheng shitaHarvard Mark IniYou Lai suru. Tong Ji dehasanKong te-punipuroguramuwoGe Na shita. noimanXing toha-ba-doXing noDa kinaWei iha, Hou Zhe gaMing Ling tode-tanoGe Na Chang Suo toXi iwoWan Quan niFen Li shiteirukotodeari, Qian Zhe hadochiramoTong ziJi Yi Ling Yu niGe Na suru. Fan Yong CPUhaJi Ben De ninoimanXing dearuga, ha-ba-do*a-kitekuchiyamoBu Fen De niCai Yong sareteiru(kiyatsushiyumemorinado).

dezitaruJi Qi toshitenoCPUha, Zhuang Tai woBian Geng shitariBiao Xian shitarisurutameni, He rakanosuitsuchiwoBi Yao tosuru. Dian Qi Ji Jie Shi karaDian Zi Shi henoYi Xing Qi niha, rire-yaZhen Kong Guan gasuitsuchitoshiteShi wareta. koreraha, Cong Lai noWan Quan naJi Jie Shi yorimoGao Su nisuitsuchiwoQie riTi eraretaga, chiyataringuwohazime, koiru(indakuta)niyotsuteFa Sheng suruGao Dian Ya nadonoWen Ti gaatsuta. Yi Fang , Zhen Kong Guan hachiyataringuhaQi kosanaiga, Ji Neng surunihaRe gaBi Yao deari, Lie Hua niyoriDong Zuo Zhong nikaso-donoDian Zi Fang She Neng Li gaJian Tui (emitsushiyonJian Tui )shiteDong Zuo Bu Neng ninatsuteshimau. Zhen Kong Guan gaLie Hua *Gu Zhang shitara, Gu Zhang shitaBu Wei woTe Ding shiteJiao Huan shinakerebanaranai. shitagatsute, Chu Qi noDian Zi Ji Suan Ji haGao Su Hua haShi Xian shitamonono, Dian Qi Ji Jie Shi Ji Suan Ji yorimoXin Lai Xing gaDi katsuta. EDVACnoyounaZhen Kong Guan Ji Suan Ji haGu Zhang toGu Zhang noJian noPing Jun Shi Jian (MTBF = Mean Time Between Failure)haYue 8Shi Jian deatsutaga, Harvard Mark Inoyounarire-Shi Ji Suan Ji hahotondoGu Zhang shinakatsuta. shikashi, Xin Lai Xing yorimoXing Neng gaZhong Shi sare^{[Zhu Shi 7][Yao Jian Zheng - no-to]}, Zhen Kong Guan Shi Ji Suan Ji gaZhu Liu tonatsuteitsuta. Dang Shi noTong Qi Shi CPUnokurotsukuZhou Bo Shu haXian Zai noCPUniBi Jiao surutoFei Chang niChi ku, 100 kHz~ 4 MHzCheng Du deatsuta. koreha, Dang Shi noLun Li Su Zi (Zhen Kong Guan )nosuitsuchinguSu Du niyotsuteXian Jie gaDing merareteita.

Xiao Xing deXin Lai Xing noGao iDian Zi Bu Pin woShi ukotode, CPUnoShe Ji toFu Za sanoJin Bu gamotarasareta. Xin taniFa Ming sareJi Ji niXing Neng noXiang Shang shitatoranzisutanoLi Yong dearu. koreniyotsute, 1950Nian Dai kara1960Nian Dai niha, kasabatsuteXin Lai Xing noDi iZhen Kong Guan yarire-hahotondoShi warenakunatsuta. konoGai Shan niyotsutesaraniFu Za deXin Lai Xing noaruCPUwoYi Mei karaShu Mei nopurintoJi Ban deGou Cheng dekiruyouninatsuta.

1964Nian , IBMgaFa Biao shitaSystem/360a-kitekuchiyaha, iroironaXing Neng toDa kisanokonpiyu-tatoshiteShi Zhuang sare, soreranoshiri-zudehapuroguramuwoBian Geng surukotonakuDong Zuo saserukotogadekita. Dang Shi , tatoeTong zime-ka-deatsutemo, saizunoWei ukonpiyu-tahaHu Huan Xing ganainogaPu Tong datsuta. konoGai Shan woCheng shiSui gerutame, IBMhamaikuropuroguramuFang Shi woCai Yong shita. korehaXian Zai noCPUdemoGuang kuShi wareteiruShou Fa dearu. System/360haDa Bian naCheng Gong woShou me, sonoHou Shu Shi Nian Jian meinhure-muShi Chang woZhi Pei shiSok ke, Xian Zai noz/ArchitectureniZhi tsuteiru.

Tong zi1964Nian , DECmo, [PDP-8] toiuHou Shi niYing Xiang woYu etaminikonpiyu-tawo, Ke Xue Fen Ye yaYan Jiu Fen Ye niXiang keteriri-sushita. DECha, Hou nisaraniGuang kuShi warerukototonaru[PDP-11shiri-zu] woFa Biao shitaga, konoshiri-zuha, Hou niJi Ji Hui Lu (IC)gaShi eruyouninaruto, sorewoShi tsutaba-ziyonmoZhi Zao sareteiru. toranzisutawoShi tsutaCPUdeha, Xin tanaShe Ji Shang noGong Fu wosuruYu Yu gaSheng zi, SIMDyabekutoruJi Suan Ji toHu barerumonogaChu Xian shita. sonoyounaChu Qi noShi Yan De She Ji ha, Hou nikureiShe noZhi Zao shitasu-pa-konpiyu-tanobe-sutonatsuteiru.

toranzisutawoShi tsutakonpiyu-taha, soreYi Qian nomonotoBi Jiao shiteikutsukanoMing Que naLi Dian gaatsuta. Xin Lai Xing Xiang Shang toXiao Fei Dian Li Di Xia hamochiron, toranzisutaniyorusuitsuchihaQie riTi eShi Jian gaJu De niDuan Suo saretatame, CPUgaGao Su Hua sareta. toranzisutaniyorukonpiyu-tadehaDong Zuo Zhou Bo Shu haShu Shi MHzmadeGao Su Hua sareta.

CPUnadoniShi warerupurosetsusaha, 1970Nian Dai ni1chitsupunoDa Gui Mo Ji Ji Hui Lu (LSI)niJi Ji sareruyouninatsuta(maikuropurosetsusa). Chu Qi nomaikuropurosetsusaha4bitsutoya8bitsutode, Dang Shi nominikonpiyu-tayameinhure-munoCPUniBi berutoFei Chang niJi Neng noXian raretamonodeatsutaga, 1970Nian Dai Mo kara1980Nian Dai noWei Xi Hua noJin Zhan niyori, purosesuBao Hu nadoDang Shi nomeinhure-muniXiang Dang suruyounaJi Neng woTong He shita32bitsutopurosetsusagaXian reta. Zu miIp miYong Tu nihaZhou Bian Ji Neng yamemoriDeng woJi Ji shita, iwayuruwanchitsupumaikonmoPu Ji shita. Chu Qi nomaikuropurosetsusahaNMOSrozitsukuHui Lu deGou Cheng sareteitaga, 1980Nian Dai nihaCMOSHua gaJin mi, Xiao Fei Dian Li gaJi Jian shita(CMOShaXiao Fei Dian Li haYi erareruga, Dang Chu haChi katsutakotokara, Dian Zhuo yaShi Ji nadoXiao Fei Dian Li gaZhong Yao deSu Du gaZhong Yao denaiFen Ye deshikaShi warenakatsuta). CMOShaWei Xi Hua gaJin mebaJin muhodoJing Dian Rong Liang gaJian riGao Su Hua deki, Gao Su Hua woJu wanaiChang He haDi Xiao Fei Dian Li Hua dekirutoiuYou retaTe Chang gaari(dena-doZe ), Dong Zuo Zhou Bo Shu ha2000Nian Dai nihaGHzo-da-madeShang gatsuta. Wei Xi Hua hayoriDuo kunoge-towoZai serukotogadekirutoiukotodemoari, Ming Ling paipurainyaauto*obu*o-da-Shi Xing nadodeMing Ling reberunoBing Lie Xing woYin kiChu su, Fu Za deGao Xing Neng napurosetsusagaZuo rareruyounimonatsuta. Wei Xi Hua niyoruJi Ji Du noXiang Shang noQing Xiang hamu-anoFa Ze niyoriDing Xing De nimoderuHua sareteiru. tadashiFu Za Hua niBi Li shiteXing Neng gaXian Xing niShang garuwakedehanai(poratsukunoFa Ze ). shikashi, 2006Nian Qing nihadena-doZe gaBeng rete, Dong Zuo Zhou Bo Shu noXiang Shang tomaikuroa-kitekuchiyanoFu Za Hua deXing Neng Xiang Shang woTu ruFang Xiang Xing haXing kiJie matsuta. Yi Jiang haFei Dui Cheng Xing woHan mumaruchikoaHua to, Xiang Dui De niDi ikurotsukudemoGao iXing Neng woYin kiChu shiyasuiSIMDnoXing Neng Xiang Shang niLi Dian gaZhi kareteiru.

maikuropurosetsusanoFu Za sa, Ji Neng , Gou Zao , Yi Ban De naXing Zhuang hakono50Nian Jian deJu De niBian Hua shitaga, CPUnoGao Xing Neng Hua noJi Ben De nakonseputoha, maikuropurosetsusaYi Qian no1960Nian Dai niChu meteXian reta, toiumonogaDuo i. tatoeba, auto*obu*o-da-Shi Xing noFang Shi dearuscoreboardingmoTomasulonoarugorizumumo, Zui Chu niKao An saretanoha1960Nian Dai dearu.

21Shi Ji Xian Zai nokonpiyu-taha, hoboQuan tegaEr Zhi Lun Li Fang Shi deari, sonouchinohoboQuan tegaShu noBiao Xian Fa toshiteEr Jin Fa woEr Zhi Lun Li nimatsupingushiteYan Suan nadowoXing tsuteiru. ^{[Zhu Shi 8]}Dian Zhuo Yong niTe Bie niShe Ji saretamaikon^{[Zhu Shi 9]}yameinhure-munadoniha, Guang Yi noEr Jin Hua Shi Jin Biao Xian noyounaFang Shi deha-doueadeShi Jin noJi Suan woXing uJi Neng gaQiang Hua sareteirumonomoaru. 1bitsutogaEr Jin Fa no1Hang dearu. bitsutoShu wo[bitsutoFu ] nadotomoHu bu.

Li eba, [bitsutoFu ] ya[de-tabasuFu ] ga8bitsutodearutame8bitsutoCPUtoHu bareruCPUdeha, Zhu narezisutaDeng noFu , aruiha, de-tabasunoFu ga8bitsutodearu. 8bitsutodeha, Fei Fu Zheng Shu dearebaEr Jin Fa 8Hang deBiao seruFan Wei dearu[2no8Cheng - 1] made, tsumari[0 ~ 255]noFan Wei noZheng Shu gaBiao Xian dekiru.

mata[adoresuFu ] haCPUgaZhi Jie nimemoriwoZhi shiShi su(adoretsushingusuru)Fan Wei woZhi Xian suru. Li eba, adoresuFu ga32bitsutonoCPUdeha, sonoCPUgaZhi Jie Zhi Ding dekiruadoresunoFan Wei ha, 2no32Cheng , tsumari4,294,967,296Ge noYi naruWei Zhi ninaru.

System/360Yi Jiang noDuo kunoMing Ling setsutoa-kitekuchiya(ISA)deha^{[Zhu Shi 10]}1baitogaadoresuFu kenoDan Wei dearutame(baitoadoretsushingu)^{[Zhu Shi 11]}, 4gibibaitonomemorini, Zhi Jie akusesudekiru, toiukotoninaru.

korerahaCPUnode-taFu yaadoresuFu niyoruDan Chun naFen Lei Fang Fa deari, Shi Ji noCPUdehade-taXin Hao Xian yaadoresuZhi Ding Fang Fa niGong Fu surukotode, Wai Bu De niShao naide-tabasuFu yaNei Bu De niShao naiadoresuFu demoXiao Lu De nimemori*akusesudekiruyounishiteirumonogaarutame, kouitsutaFen Lei haDuo Shao Fu Za ninatsuteiru^{[Zhu Shi 12]}.

CPUwoBiao Xian suruChang He nobitsutoShu noYi Wei haYi Xia noTong ridearu.

• adoresuFu (Nei Bu noadoresurezisutaFu , Wai Bu adoresubasuFu )
• de-tabasuFu (Nei Bu de-taFu , Wai Bu de-tabasuFu )
• Nei Bu Yan Suan Fu (=Yan Suan Zhuang Zhi noFu toZheng Shu rezisutaFu )
• Ming Ling Yu Chang

1990Nian Dai Yi Jiang ha4bitsutokara64bitsutomadeDuo Yang nabitsutoFu noCPUgaZhi Pin Hua sareteiru. Gao bitsutoFu noCPUhaJi Neng yaXing Neng gaGao iFan Mian , Gao Ji Ji Hua yaHui Lu noFu Za Du karaGao Jia Ge deXiao Fei Dian Li moDa kiku, Di bitsutoFu noCPUhaJi Neng yaXing Neng gaZhi Xian sareruDai wariniAn Jia deDi Xiao Fei Dian Li dearunadoTe Zheng gaari, Zhuang Kuang niYing ziteShi iFen kerareteiru.

1990Nian Dai Hou Ban kara21Shi Ji niRu tsute, pa-sonarukonpiyu-taYong CPUdeYi Ban Hua shita, ikubunXin tanaCPUGao Su Hua Ji Shu nitsuiteha, Fu Shu CPUnoDa Zai (maruchikoa)yaVLIW, su-pa-suke-ranadogaaru. korerahameinhure-munadonoDa Xing Ji Suan Ji dehazutsutoQian karaYi Ban De datsutaga, PCYong noJi Shu toshiteJiang ritekurumadenihapurosesuWei Xi Hua noFa Zhan yaZhi Zao kosutoDi Xia woDai tanakerebanaranakatsuta.

CPUnobitsutoShu niyoruYong Tu noLi woShi su.

4bitsuto

1980Nian Dai woZhong Xin ni, Yi Ban De naJia Dian Zhi Pin , ki-bo-doyamausu, Dian Zhuo yaShi Ji nado, ro-endonoZu miIp mishisutemuniGuang kuYong irareta. Jia Dian Yong noChi Wai Xian rimokonnadoJi Neng De niDan Chun namononitsuiteha4bitsutonomaikuropurosetsusademoShi Fen dearuga, Ji niXin Gui Cai Yong noShi Li hahotondonakunatsuteiru.

8bitsuto, 16bitsuto

Ji Qi Zu miIp miXiang keni8bitsutoya16bitsutonopurosetsusa*koatoZhou Bian Hui Lu woZu miHe wasetamaikurokontoro-ra (MCU) toHu barerumonogaGuang kuShi Yong sareteiru. izuremoYao Qiu Shi Yang toZhi Zao Yuan Jia tonoJian neHe ideDu He noLiang isaizunopurosetsusagaXuan Ding sareZhi Zao sareru. daga, konoYong Tu demo32bitsutomaikuropurosetsusanoJia Ge Di Xia , Jiu Lai Yong itekitaBan Dao Ti noZhi Zao Zhong Liao , Yao Qiu Shi Yang noGao Du Hua yaFan Yong Kai Fa tsu-runoYuan Yong Yao Qiu niyori, aete32bitsutoYi Shang noCPUwoXuan Ze suruke-sumoShao nakunai.

32bitsuto

Xi Dai Dian Hua yadezitarukamerawohazime, Zi Dong Che noenzinZhi Yu yaChan Ye Yong robotsuto, Gong Zuo Ji Jie , Bai Wu Jia Dian nadoZu miIp mishisutemuyaDa Xiao samazamanashisutemunoZhi Yu niFu Guang kuYong irareteori, Xia Yi noCPUtoHu barerumononoZhu Yao naShi Yong Li dearu.

2000Nian Dai Yi Jiang noBan Dao Ti Zhi Zao Ji Shu noJin Bu niBan i, ro-endono32bitsutopurosetsusato16/8bitsutopurosetsusanoJia Ge Chai haShao nakunatsuteori, 16bitsutoMing Ling (ARMnoThumbMing Ling nado)woChi tsu32bitsutopurosetsusagaMCUYong Tu nimoGuang kuShi wareruyouninatsuteiru.

2010Nian Dai noGao Xing Neng *Duo Ji Neng Hua shitaQing Bao Ji Qi niha, meinnoCPUnoTa nishibashibaperihueraru(kameranadonosensaLei ya, sutore-zi, deisupurei, netsutowa-kunadonoZhou Bian debaisu)Zhi Yu Yong no32bitsutoMCUgaZu miIp mareteiru. mata, IoTdebaisunoGou Cheng Dan Wei toshitesensayaakuchiyue-taniZu miIp mareruMCUhenoXing Neng Yao Qiu moGao Du Hua shiteiru. koushitakotokaraShi noZhong niChu Hui tsuteiru32bitsutopurosetsusanoShu haPeng Da dearu.

64bitsuto

pa-sonarukonpiyu-ta (PC), wa-kusute-shiyon, sa-ba, su-pa-konpiyu-tawohazime, taburetsutoyasuma-tohuonnadono[suma-todebaisu] toZong Cheng sareruQing Bao Ji Qi , ru-tanadononetsutowa-kuJi Qi , ge-muJi nado, Da Liang node-tawoChu Li suruYong Tu deShi wareteiru.

Ye Wu Yong nosa-badehaDa kinaZhu Ji Yi Rong Liang gaQiu meraretatame, 1990Nian Dai karaCPUtoopere-teingushisutemu (OS) no64bitsutoHua gaJin merareteitaga, Yi Ban Xiao Fei Zhe Xiang kenoPCnimoJin Tou shitanoha2000Nian Dai Zhong Pan Yi Jiang dearu^{[Zhu Shi 13]}. 2010Nian Dai Yi Jiang , Shi Fan sareteiruPCha64bitsutoCPUwoDa Zai surumonogahotondodearuga, ohuisusui-tonadonoYong Tu dehaapurike-shiyonsohutoueawo64bitsutoHua shitemopahuo-mansuXiang Shang noEn Hui gaDe rareruChang Mian haXian rareteori^[8], mataHu Huan Xing noWen Ti (32bitsutoBan noadoongaLi Yong dekinakunarunado)noHui Bi notameni, 32bitsutoBan apurike-shiyongaTui Jiang sareteiruke-sumoaru^[9]. Yi Bu nopuratsutohuo-mudeha, 64bitsutoOSShang no32bitsutoemiyure-shiyonreiya-woJie shite32bitsutoapurike-shiyonwoShi Xing surukotomodekirutame, subetenoapurike-shiyonwo64bitsutoHua shinakerebanaranaitoiuwakedehanai^{[Zhu Shi 14]}. mata, 64bitsutoBan nodebaisudoraibagaTi Gong sareteinaiZhou Bian Ji Qi gaarunadonoWen Ti kara, 64bitsutoCPUwoDa Zai shiteinagaramo32bitsutoBan noOSwoLi Yong shinakerebanaranaike-sumoaru^{[Zhu Shi 15]}. tadashi, Hua Xiang Chu Li yaDong Hua Bian Ji nadoDa Liang node-tawoChu Li suruYong Tu deha, Ju Da namemoriwoGe riDang terukotogadekiru64bitsutoHua nomeritsutohaDa kiku, koreranoapurike-shiyonsohutoueahaBi Jiao De Zao iShi Qi kara64bitsutoHua gaJin nda. 2019Nian Xian Zai deha, 32bitsutoBan debaisudoraibanosapo-toyaGeng Xin gaDa chiQie rareteiruke-sumoaru^[10].

suma-tohuonmoPu Ji noChu Qi ha32bitsutoCPUgaYong iraretaga, 2013Nian 9Yue niFa Biao saretaiPhone 5swoPi Qie rini64bitsutoCPUhenoDui Ying toYi Xing gaJin ndeori, iOSnoyouni32bitsutoBan apurike-shiyonnoDong Zuo sapo-towoDa chiQie tsutari, Androidnoyouni64bitsutoBan apurike-shiyonnoTi Gong woYi Wu Fu ketarisurupuratsutohuo-mumoaru.

Shang Ji noFen Lei niDang tehamaranaimonotoshite, Guo Qu niha, Hu iniJie He shiZi You nibitsutoChang woZeng yasuShi gadekiruFang Shi noCPUgaari, korehabitsutosuraisupurosetsusatoHu bareta. Dai Biao De naZhi Pin niAMDnoAM2900shiri-zunadogaJu gerareru. AM2901ha, suisuLian Bang Gong Ke Da Xue noLilithwa-kusute-shiyonDeng niShi Yong sareteita. matade-tawobaitoDan Wei deXi uCPU(baitomashin)noTa , wa-doDan Wei deXi uCPU(wa-domashin)moaru(Ri Ben Dian Qi noACOS-6nado).

Zui moJi Ben De naCPUnoDi Xiao Fei Dian Li Hua Ji Shu haDi Dian Ya Hua deatsuta. rozitsukuDong Zuo noXin Hao Xian noDian Ya woDi Dian Ya Hua surukotoha, Di Xiao Fei Dian Li Hua nitsunagarutoTong Shi niXin Hao wo"Hi"to"Low"noJian deGao Su niBian Geng dekirutameDong Zuo Su Du noXiang Shang nimoJi Yu shita.

Dang Chu harire-noyounaShu Shi borutonoDong Zuo Dian Ya datsutaga, 1980Nian Dai niha5 Vgadezitarukonpiyu-tanoBiao Zhun De naDong Zuo Dian Ya tonari, 1990Nian Dai nihaNei Bu Hui Lu ga3 VCheng Du noDi Dian Ya Hua woQu riRu rehazime, Wai Bu tonoXin Hao Xian demoTong Yang noDi Dian Ya Hua gaXing nawareruQing niha, CPUnoNei Bu dehasaraniDi iDian Ya gaCai Yong sareruyouninatsuta. 2000Nian Dai Mo nihaNei Bu De niha1 VRuo madeDi Dian Ya Hua gaJin merare, Dang Shi hanoizuNai Xing woKao Lu surebahoboXian Jie dearutoKao erareteitaga, sonoHou momaikuropurosetsusanoDi Dian Ya Hua noQu Shi haSok ki, 2013Nian niDeng Chang shitaQuark X1000haZui Di 0.28 VnoChao Di Dian Ya Dong Zuo gaKe Neng dearu.

hotondonoCPU(motsutoYan ebahotondonoShun Xu Hui Lu )haTong Qi Shi dearu. tsumari, CPUhaTong Qi Xin Hao nishitagatsuteDong Zuo suruyouShe Ji sareteiru. konoXin Hao ha[kurotsukuXin Hao ] toshiteZhi rareteite, Yi Ding Zhou Qi noJu Xing Bo noXing dearukotogaDuo i. Dian Qi Xin Hao noChuan Bo Su Du karaCPUNei noXin Hao Jing Lu noChang sawoKao Lu shitekurotsukuXin Hao noZhou Bo Shu gaJue Ding sareru. konoZhou Bo Shu haXin Hao Chuan Bo noZui E ke-suwoKao Lu shiteJue menakerebanaranai. Zui E ke-suwoKao Lu shiteZhou Bo Shu woJue Ding sureba, CPUQuan Ti gaBo Xing noetsuziBu Fen deDong Zuo suruyouShe Ji deki, CPUnoShe Ji woJian Lue Hua dekirutoTong Shi nitoranzisutaShu moJian rasukotogadekiru. shikashi, konoShe Ji Shou Fa noQian Dian toshiteCPUQuan Ti gaZui moChi iBu Fen woDai tsuyouniShe Ji shinakerebanarazu, Quan Ti noGao Su Hua gasonoChi iBu Fen niyotsuteZhi Xian sareru. konoZhi Xian niDui Chu surutameniMing Ling paipurainyasu-pa-suke-ratoitsutaShou Fa gaCai raretekita.

paipuraindakedehaTong Qi Shi CPUnoWen Ti woQuan teJie Jue surukotohadekinai. tatoeba, kurotsukuXin Hao haTa noDian Qi Xin Hao noChi Yan niYing Xiang sareru. kurotsukuZhou Bo Shu gaGao kunari, saraniFu Za naCPUwoDong Zuo saseyoutoshitatoki, Quan Hui Lu woTong Qi saserunogaKun Nan ninatsutekita. konotame, Xin tanaGao Xing Neng CPUdeha1tsunokurotsukuXin Hao deCPUQuan Ti woTong Qi surunodehanaku, ikutsukanokurotsukuXin Hao deGe Bu Fen woGe Bie niTong Qi saseruyounishiteiru. mata, kurotsukuZhou Bo Shu gaGao kunarunitsureteCPUnoFa Re gaDa kinaWen Ti tonatsutekita. kurotsukuXin Hao ga"Hi"to"Low"woZao riFan sukotodeDuo kunorozitsukuHui Lu gaTong Yang ni"Hi"to"Low"woZao riFan shi, sonoHui Lu gaYan Suan Chu Li niShi wareteinaiShi demokurotsukuXin Hao gaGong Gei sareteiruJian haWu Tuo niDong Zuo shiteFa Re suru. 21Shi Ji Xian Zai CPUniShi Yong sareteiruBan Dao Ti Hui Lu deha, Xin Hao Dian Ya wo"Hi"ka"Low"niBao Chi shiSok keruyorimo"Hi"kara"Low"ya"Low"kara"Hi"heYi ruShi niDuo kunoDian Qi enerugi-woXiao Fei suru. konotame, CPUniGao Su Chu Li Neng Li woQiu merutokurotsukuZhou Bo Shu gaGao kunariFa Re moDuo kunatsute, saraniLeng Que suruBi Yao gaSheng ziru.

tsumari, Wu Tuo nikurotsukuXin Hao woGong Gei surukotowoZhi merebaDian Li Xiao Fei haYi erareFa Re moXiao sakunaru. konoyouni, Yan Suan Chu Li niGuan Yu shinaiBu Yao burotsukuhenokurotsukuXin Hao noGong Gei woZhi merukurotsukuge-teingu(Ying Yu Ban )toHu bareruShou Fa gaaru.

2000Nian Dai Hou Ban Yi Jiang niDeng Chang shitaGao Xing Neng CPUdeShi Yong sareteiruBan Dao Ti Hui Lu Ji Shu (purosesuJi Shu )deha, Xiao Fei Dian Li niDui sururi-kuDian Liu noBi Lu gaDa kikunatsuta. ri-kuDian Liu hakurotsukuXin Hao noYou Wu niGuan Xi gaWu itame, kurotsukuge-teingudakedehaDa kinaDian Li Xue Jian Xiao Guo haDe rarenai.

konoyounaGao Xing Neng CPUdeha, kurotsukuXin Hao noGong Gei Ting Zhi dakedehanaku, Dong Zuo shiteinaimoziyu-ruDeng henoDian Yuan Gong Gei sonomonowoZhe Duan surupawa-ge-teingu(Ying Yu Ban )toHu bareruJi Shu gaBi Yao ninaru. Cong Lai ha, Gao Xing Neng Hua shitaCPUgaXiao Fei suruDa Dian Liu worozitsukuHui Lu niZui Shi Hua saretaBan Dao Ti Hui Lu Ji Shu (purosesuJi Shu )deZhi Yu surukotohaRong Yi dehanakatsutaga, ri-kuDian Liu Dui Ce toshite2000Nian Dai Mo madenihaGuang kuYong irareruJi Shu ninatsuta.

kurotsukuXin Hao deQuan Ti woYi Qi niDong kasunowoyameru, toiuShou moaru. Fei Tong Qi She Ji nihaDu Te noShou Fa gaBi Yao de, Tong Qi She Ji toBi Jiao surutoFei Chang niNan shiiDian gaaruga, Xiao Fei Dian Li toFa Re noMian deDa kinaLi Dian gaaru. SRAMnadodeha, kurotsukutoGuan Xi nakuakusesudekitahougaXi iniBian Li naChang He moari, Fei Tong Qi SRAMhagokuYi Ban De naZhi Pin dearu. mataYan Suan Hui Lu nado, Yi Ban De napurosetsusaNei Bu noYi Bu niShi warerukotomoaru.

Yi Ban niShi Fan saretaZhi Pin toshiteha, Fei Tong Qi She Ji woBiao niChu shitamaikuropurosetsusahaamariYi Ban De dehanaiga, Yan Jiu Shi denoShi Zuo toitsutareberudehaYan Jiu *Shi Zuo hasakanniXing wareteori, Ri Ben nomonodehaNan Gu raniyoruTITAC^[11]nadogaZhi rareteiru. Hai Wai dehamanchiesuta-Da niyoruARMbe-sunoAMULETha(Ji Shu De dehanaiLi You deZhong Zhi nihanatsuteiruga)Shi Fan Pin niShi Yong sareruYu Ding gaatsuta. Ta niMIPS(R3000)be-sunoMiniMIPSnadogaaru.

kurotsukuwoWan Quan niWu kusurunodehanakuBu Fen De niFei Tong Qi Hua surukotodeXing Neng woGao meruGong Fu toshiteha, Fei Tong Qi Yan Suan Zhuang Zhi woShi tsutesu-pa-sukara-nopaipurainwoGou Cheng surukotodeYan Suan Xing Neng woShang geyoutoshitaShe Ji nadogaaru. Tong Qi Dong Zuo suruCPUniBi Jiao shiteXing Neng gaXiang Shang surukadoukahaDing kadehanaiga, Shao nakutomoYuan Li De nihaXiao Guo gaQi Dai dekiru.

CPUwoZhong Xin niKuo Zhang saretaDian Zi Bu Pin nimaikurokontoro-ra(MCU)gaaru. konoMCUhaCPUniJia etepuroguramuGe Na Yong woHan muBan Dao Ti memoriyaGPIOtoshiriaruIO, DAC/ADCtoitsutaGe Zhong Ru Chu Li Ji Neng nitaima-yaDMACnikurotsukuHui Lu , Bi Yao niYing ziteDSPyahuratsushiyumemorinadonoZhou Bian Hui Lu wo1tsunopatsuke-ziniNei Zang shite, Zhu niXiao Xing noZu Ip Ji Qi noZhi Yu niShi Yong sareru.

Bi Yu De Biao Xian daga, CPUha, konpiyu-tano[Tou Noy ] niLi erarerukotogaDuo i^[12].

konpiyu-tage-munoShi Jie deha, konpiyu-tayasohutoueagaDong kasuDui Zhan Xiang Shou yaDi yunitsutowoCPUtoHu bukotomoaru.

• ziyon*L*heneshi-/deibitsudo*A*pata-sonZhu , Fu Tian Zhen Ye /Cun Shang He Zhang /Xin Shi Zhi Nan Yi , {konpiyu-ta*a-kitekuchiya She Ji *Shi Xian *Ping Jia noDing Liang De apuro-chi} , Ri Jing BPShe , ISBN 4-8222-7152-8
• deibitsudo*A*pata-son/ziyon*L*heneshi-Zhu , Cheng Tian Guang Zhang Yi , {konpiyu-tanoGou Cheng toShe Ji ha-doueatosohutoueanointahue-su Di 3Ban (Shang /Xia )} , Ri Jing BPShe , ISBN 4-8222-8266-X/ISBN 4-8222-8267-8
• maiku*ziyonsonZhu , Cun Shang He Zhang Jian Yi , {su-pasukara*purosetsusa- maikuropurosetsusaShe Ji niokeruDing Liang De apuro-chi -} , Ri Jing BPShe , ISBN 4-8227-1002-5
• Zhong Sen Zhang Zhu {maikuropurosetsusa*a-kitekuchiyaRu Men RISCpurosetsusanoJi Chu karaZui Xin purosetsusanoshikumimade} CQChu Ban She , 2004Nian 4Yue . ISBN 4-7898-3331-3.
• Du Bo Yu Zhu {CPUnoChuang rikata} Mei Ri komiyunike-shiyonzu, 2003Nian 9Yue . ISBN 978-4-8399-0986-4.

• {CPU} - kotobanku
• {Ke Xue Ji Shu Jiao Yu shiri-zu Dian Zi Ji Suan Ji --Ji Neng toGou Cheng noaramashi--} - Jin Dai She Hui deDa kinaYi Ge woHe uDian Zi Ji Suan Ji ---sonoYuan Li toGou Zao woShuo Ming . Dang Gai Zuo Pin noZai Sheng Kai Shi 4Fen 09Miao Hou yoriYue 5Fen Jian (mouShao shiZheng Que niha5Fen Ruo noJian ), Zhong Yang Yan Suan Zhuang Zhi (CPU)noGou Zao toGai Nian noShuo Ming gaWei sareteiru<> . Quan Guo Gong Ye Gao Deng Xue Xiao Chang Xie Hui noQi Hua noXia deRi Ben Ke Xue Ji Shu Ying Hua She gaZhi Zuo <Fu Shi Tong )noXie Zan woDe teiru>> .

• CPU

• Du Zi Yan Jiu noChu Qu gaBi Yao naJi Shu noaruJi Shi /2021Nian 7Yue -12Yue
• Yan Xie woZhuo shitaJi Shu noaruJi Shi (itsu)/2019Nian 7Yue -8Yue
• Du Zi Yan Jiu noChu Qu gaBi Yao naJi Shu noaruJi Shi /2019Nian 7Yue -12Yue
• Chu Dian woBi Yao tosuruJi Shi /2014Nian 1Yue
• Yan Xie woZhuo shitaJi Shu noaruJi Shi /2014Nian
• Jian Zheng gaQiu merareteiruJi Shu noaruJi Shi /2021Nian 7Yue -12Yue
• Can Zhao Fang Fa
• ISBNmazitsukurinkuwoShi Yong shiteirupe-zi