Appendix:Latin correlatives
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Latin has a number of correlative pro-words and phrases.
Main correlative terms
[edit]Dual correlatives
[edit]| type | interrogative | indefinite | irrealis | alternative | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| irrelative / emphatic | relative | irrelative | free choice | universal | negative | |||
| dual | uternam | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervis uterlibet |
uterque | neuter | alter |
| comparative | utriusnammodi | utriusmodi | utriusvismodi utriuslibetmodi |
utriusquemodi | neutriusmodi | alteriusmodi | ||
| alternation | utrumnam | utrum | utrumcumque | alterutrum | utrumvis utrumlibet |
utrumque | neutrum | alterum |
| place time |
utras degutribi |
utrascumque | alterutras | utrasvis utraslibet |
utrasque | neutras | alteras | |
| source | degutrim degutrinde utrinsecus |
alterutrim | degutrimvis degutrimlibet |
utrimque utrimquesecus |
degneutrim neutrinsecus |
degalterim altrinsecus | ||
| destination | utro | utrocumque | alterutro | utrovis utrolibet |
utroque | neutro | altero | |
| path | utra | utracumque | alterutra | utravis utralibet |
utraque | neutra | altera | |
| manner | utro modo | utrovis modo utrolibet modo |
utroque modo | altero modo | ||||
| comparative (quantity) | degutria | |||||||
| deg Rare | ||||||||
Size correlatives
[edit]| type | anaphoric | identity | interrogative | indefinite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| relative | irrelative | free choice | universal | |||||
| Basic | size | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque quantusquantus |
aliquantus | quantusvis quantuslibet |
quantusque |
| extent | tantum | tantundem | quantum | quantumcumque | aliquantum | quantumvis quantumlibet |
quantumque | |
| intensity | tanto | tantodem | quanto | quantocumque | aliquanto | quantovis quantolibet |
quantoque | |
| cost | tanti | tantidem | quanti | quanticumque | aliquanti | quantivis quantilibet |
quantique | |
| Smallness | size | tantulus | quantulus degquantillus |
quantuluscumque | aliquantulus | quantulusvis degquantuluslibet |
degquantulusque quantulusquisque | |
| extent | tantulum | quantulum degquantillum |
quantulumcumque | aliquantulum | quantulumvis degquantulumlibet |
degquantulumque | ||
| intensity | tantulo | quantulo degquantillo |
quantulocumque | aliquantulo | quantulovis quantulolibet |
quantuloque | ||
| Greatness | size | tammagnus | quammagnus | quammagnuscumque | aliquammagnus | degquammagnuslibet | ||
| intensity | tantopere | quantopere | degaliquantopere | |||||
| deg Rare | ||||||||
Quality correlatives
[edit]| type | anaphoric | interrogative | indefinite | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | irrelative / emphatic | relative | irrelative | free choice | universal | ||||
| quality | talis | ecqualis | qualisnam | qualis | qualiscumque qualisqualis |
aliqualis | qualislibet | qualisque | |
| comparative | quality | taliter | qualiter | qualitercumque degqualiterqualiter |
aliqualiter | degqualiterlibet | degqualiterque | ||
| quantity | talia | qualia | qualiacumque degqualiaqualia |
aliqualia | qualialibet | qualiaque | |||
| extent | talem | qualem | qualemcumque degqualemqualem |
aliqualem | qualemlibet | qualemque | |||
| deg Rare | |||||||||
Duration correlatives
[edit]| type | anaphoric | interrogative | indefinite | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| relative | irrelative | free choice | universal | |||||
| eventual | tamdiu | quamdiu | degquamdiucumque | aliquamdiu | degquamdiulibet | quamque diu | ||
| cyclic | tantisper | quantisper | aliquantisper | |||||
| deg Rare | ||||||||
Other interrogative terms
[edit]Additional interrogative terms include the following:
- quotenus ("how many (each)?"), an interrogative distributive numeral from quot + -enus
- cuias ("of what country?, from what place?, of what people?"), from cuius ("whose?") + -as ("of/from")
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) quanturus ("how distant, how far in the future"), an interrogative future active participle from (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) quaneo, of unknown use and meaning, used as an adjective.
Other correlative terms
[edit]| A user suggests that this Latin appendix be cleaned up, giving the reason: "the Template:la-correlatives seems to me to have more fine-grained distinctions. should we replace this with it?". | |
|---|---|
| Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with. |
| type | collective | (medial) demonstrative |
proximal demonstrative |
distal demonstrative |
other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | omnis | is, iste, istic | hic | ille, illic | alter, alius |
| dual | ambo, uterque | alteruter | |||
| number | totus | tot | |||
| time | semper | tum, tunc | num, nunc | olim | alias |
Based on the Romance languages, it appears that in late spoken Latin (or so-called "Vulgar Latin"), the expression hac hora eventually attained the status of an idiomatic phrase for "now, at this moment", and likewise illa hora was used with the sense "then" (as in French lors); however, written Latin texts do not attest to the univerbation of such expressions with hora ("hour; time; moment").[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Ludtke, Jens (2015), "From Latin and Vulgar Latin to Romance Languages", in Manual of Deixis in Romance Languages, page 568
- Gildersleeve, B. L.; Lodge, Gonzalez (1887), Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar: Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged, pages 62-63
- Roby, Henry John (1876), A Grammar of the Latin Language from Plautus to Suetonius: Part 1, 3rd edition, pages 458-460
- Kennedy, Benjamin Hall (1890), The Public School Latin Grammar for the Use of Schools, Colleges, and Private Students, 7th edition, page 255