JPMorgan Chase

JPMorgan Chase & Co, <> -- amerikanskii transnatsional'nyi finansovyi konglomerat, odin iz krupneishikh bankov mira^[3], s tsentrom upravleniia v N'iu-Iorke, raion Mankhetten. Sovet po finansovoi stabil'nosti (FSB) priznal JPMorgan Chase & Co vazhneishim finansovym konglomeratom mira, v spiske global'no sistemno znachimykh bankov mira zanimaet pervoe mesto^[4]. Kak krupneishii investitsionnyi bank v mire i krupneishii kommercheskii bank v SShA, vkhodit v <> bankov SShA, nariadu s Bank of America, Citigroup i Wells Fargo^[5].

Osnovnymi napravleniiami deiatel'nosti iavliaiutsia investitsionnyi banking, finansovye uslugi chastnym litsam i malomu biznesu, kommercheskii banking, provedenie finansovykh tranzaktsii i upravlenie aktivami. Iavliaetsia odnim iz krupneishikh depozitarnykh bankov i investitsionnykh bankov v mire. Razmer depozitarnykh aktivov -- 32,4 trln doll., razmer aktivov pod administrirovaniem -- 7,7 trln doll., ob'iom ezhednevnykh tranzaktsii -- 9,7 trln doll., razmer aktivov pod upravleniem -- 5,3 trln doll. (na konets 2023 goda). Deiatel'nost' osushchestvliaetsia cherez JPMorgan Chase Bank (natsional'nyi bank, predstavlennyi v 23 shtatakh), Chase Bank USA (natsional'nyi bank, vypuskaiushchii kreditnye karty) i J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (brokerskaia firma). Osnovnym regionom deiatel'nosti iavliaiutsia SShA (na nikh prikhoditsia bolee 2/3 vyruchki), znachitel'no prisutstvie konglomerata v Evrope (Ispaniia, Frantsiia, Shveitsariia, Germaniia, Pol'sha, Italiia, Velikobritaniia), v Kitae i Indii, v Iaponii, v Avstralii i Novoi Zelandii, chastichno v Kanade^[6].

V spiske krupneishikh publichnykh kompanii mira Forbes Global 2000 za 2023 god JPMorgan Chase zanial 1-e mesto^[7]. S 2011 goda vkhodit v chislo sistemno znachimykh bankov mira.

Soglasno dannym mezhdunarodnogo konsortsiuma zhurnalistskikh rassledovanii JPMorgan Chase vkhodit v chislo mirovykh liderov v kachestve tranzaktsionnogo ofshora, cherez nego prokhodit znachitel'naia chast' ot 2,4 trln doll. tenevykh tranzaktsii, sovershaemykh cherez banki ezhegodno. V pervuiu piaterku vkhodiat takzhe eshchio odin bank iz SShA -- The Bank of New York Mellon, dva iz Velikobritanii (HSBC i Standard Chartered) i krupneishii bank Germanii Deutsche Bank^[8].

JPMorgan Chase & Co. obrazovalsia v rezul'tate ob'edineniia v obshchei slozhnosti okolo tysiachi finansovykh institutov. Stareishii predshestvennik, The Bank of Manhattan Company (Bank Mankhettenskoi kompanii), byl osnovan Aaronom Biorrom v 1799 godu, on iavliaetsia vtorym stareishim bankom SShA (posle The Bank of New York). V rannie gody istorii SShA poluchenie litsenzii na otkrytie banka bylo slozhnoi protseduroi, dlia obkhoda kotoroi banki chasto registrirovalis' kak kompanii; formal'no Mankhettenskaia kompaniia dolzhna byla zanimat'sia vodosnabzheniem N'iu-Iorka, odnako imenno bankovskie uslugi byli eio osnovnym napravleniem deiatel'nosti. Eto kasaetsia i mnogikh drugikh bankov, vposledstvii voshedshikh v sostav JPMorgan Chase, naprimer, New York Manufacturing Co. (osnovannaia v 1812 godu tekstil'naia kompaniia, vskore stavshaia trastovym bankom Manufacturers Hanover Trust), Chemical Manufacturing Co. (osnovannaia v 1823 godu kompaniia po proizvodstvu krasok, cherez neskol'ko let otkryvshaia <> bank The Chemical Bank), Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Co (osnovannaia v 1839 godu strakhovaia kompaniia Viskonsina, kotoraia prinimala depozity i vypuskala sobstvennye banknoty). Sobstvennye banknoty vypuskali i mnogie drugie iz polutora tysiach bankov, sushchestvovavshikh nakanune Grazhdanskoi voiny 1861--65 godov. Situatsiia izmenilas' v 1862 godu, kogda, dlia finansirovaniia voennykh nuzhd, Soiuz nachal vypusk gosudarstvennoi valiuty; v sleduiushchem godu byl priniat Natsional'nyi bankovskii akt, pozvoliavshii vypuskat' banknoty tol'ko ogranichennomu kolichestvu bankov s federal'noi litsenziei. Iz predshestvennikov JPMorgan Chase takuiu litsenziiu poluchili The First National Bank of Chicago (Chikago), Hanover National Bank (N'iu-Iork), Indiana National Bank (Indianapolis), The National Bank of Commerce (N'iu-Iork), State National Bank (Illinois) i Union National Bank (Chikago)^[9][10].

V 1877 godu Dzhon Tompson, n'iu-iorkskii izdatel' i bankir, osnoval Chase National Bank, nazvav ego v chest' Salmona Portlenda Cheiza, izvestnogo amerikanskogo politika i iurista. Bank bystro ros i k 1930 godu stal krupneishim v mire s aktivami $2,7 mlrd. V 1955 godu on ob'edinilsia s The Bank of The Manhattan Co., obrazovav The Chase Manhattan Bank^[9][10].

Odna iz osnovnykh sostavliaiushchikh konglomerata, J.P. Morgan & Co., byla osnovana v 1871 godu Dzhonom Pirpontom Morganom i filadel'fiiskim bankirom Entoni Drekselem. Pervonachal'no ikh partniorstvo nazyvalos' Drexel, Morgan & Co i sluzhilo agentom dlia evropeitsev, zhelavshikh investirovat' v SShA. Eta kompaniia imela tesnye sviazi s Velikobritaniei, poskol'ku otets Dzhona Pirponta Dzhunius Morgan byl partniorom v londonskom torgovom banke Peabody, Morgan & Co. Pervoi krupnoi ikh operatsiei stalo posrednichestvo v prodazhe doli Uil'iama Vanderbil'ta v N'iu-Iorkskoi tsentral'noi zheleznoi doroge, krupneishego predlozheniia aktsii na to vremia. V posleduiushchie gody rabota s zheleznymi dorogami stala odnim iz osnovnykh napravlenii firmy Morgana, k kontsu kar'ery Dzhona Pirponta Morgana ego firma kontrolirovala okolo odnoi shestoi zheleznykh dorog SShA. Takzhe firma osushchestvliala finansirovanie krupnykh promyshlennykh sliianii, takikh kak formirovanie General Electric (1892 god), U.S. Steel (1901 god), International Harvester. V 1902 godu firma profinansirovala sozdanie Mezhdunarodnoi torgovoi morskoi kompanii (International Mercantile Marine Company), ob'edinivshei neskol'ko amerikanskikh i britanskikh transatlanticheskikh linii; kompaniia okazalas' na grani bankrotstva, posle togo, kak v 1912 godu zatonul prinadlezhashchii ei <<Titanik>> (cherez docherniuiu kompaniiu White Star Line); posle Pervoi mirovoi voiny kompaniia byla preobrazovana v United States Lines obankrotivshuiusia v 1986 godu^[11]. V 1904 godu J.P.Morgan & Co. pouchastvoval v finansirovanii stroitel'stva Panamskogo kanala, sobrav dlia amerikanskogo pravitel'stva $40 mln na pokupku prav na zemliu u obankrotivsheisia frantsuzskoi kompanii Panama Canal Co. V sentiabre 1915 goda firma osushchestvila razmeshchenie anglo-frantsuzskogo zaima na summu $500 mln, krupneishego v istorii Uoll-strit na to vremia. Krome togo, vo vremia Pervoi mirovoi voiny J.P.Morgan & Co. byla osnovnym agentom evropeiskikh stran dlia zakupok v SShA, cherez neio proshlo okolo 3 mlrd dollarov, chto sostavilo polovinu ot amerikanskikh postavok v Evropu v etot period^[9][10]. 16 sentiabria 1920 goda u vkhoda v shtab-kvartiru J.P.Morgan & Co. (<>, Uoll-strit, 23) anarkhistami byla vzorvana bomba, ubivshaia 38 i ranivshaia bolee 400 chelovek.

Za vremia Pervoi mirovoi voiny SShA iz dolzhnika prevratilis' v kreditora, chto sposobstvovalo burnomu razvitiiu bankovskogo sektora; krome togo Zakon o Federal'nom rezerve 1913 goda znachitel'no uprostil protseduru otkrytiia otdelenii bankov, v tom chisle zarubezhnykh. Takim obrazom, 1920-e gody stali periodom ukrupneniia bankov i rasshireniia sfery ikh deiatel'nosti. Naibolee iarkim primerom etogo stal Chase National Bank, za 1920-e gody poglotivshii 5 amerikanskikh bankov i tri latinoamerikanskikh otdeleniia, a v 1930 godu ob'edinivshiisia s bankom sem'i Rokfellerov Equitable. V rezul'tate ob'edineniia poluchilsia krupneishii bank v mire s odnoi iz krupneishikh mezhdunarodnykh setei otdelenii. V 1925 godu J.P.Morgan & Co. profinansiroval peredachu ITT Corporation zarubezhnykh aktivov AT&T (summa sdelki sostavila $30 mln, eti aktivy vkliuchali zarubezhnye zavody International Western Electric Company)^[12].

Za burnymi 1920-mi godami prishiol birzhevoi krakh 1929 goda i Velikaia depressiia, osnovnoi ikh prichinoi nazyvalas' spekuliativnaia politika amerikanskikh bankov, i ne v posledniuiu ochered' J.P.Morgan & Co. V 1933 godu byl priniat Akt Glassa-Stigolla, razdeliavshii kommercheskii i investitsionnyi banking. Bol'shinstvo predshestvennikov JPMorgan Chase stali kommercheskimi bankami, v chastnosti investitsionnaia deiatel'nost' J.P.Morgan & Co. byla vydelena v 1935 godu v otdel'nuiu kompaniiu Morgan Stanley^[9][10].

Vo vremia Vtoroi mirovoi voiny amerikanskie banki takzhe uchastvovali v razmeshchenii voennykh zaimov, ikh summa sostavila $186 mlrd, derzhateliami obligatsii na summu ot 10 dollarov stali 60 % naseleniia SShA. V poslevoennyi period amerikanskie banki nachali narashchivat' svoio mezhdunarodnoe prisutstvie. K 1965 godu 12 amerikanskikh bankov imeli zarubezhnye otdeleniia, sredi nikh piat' predshestvennikov JPMorgan Chase: The Chase Manhattan Bank (obrazovalsia v 1955 godu sliianiem Bank of Manhattan s Chase National), Chemical Bank, The First National Bank of Chicago, Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co. i Morgan Guaranty Trust Co. (obrazovalsia pri sliianii J.P.Morgan & Co. s Guaranty Trust Co. v 1959 godu). K 1980 godu uzhe 160 amerikanskikh bankov imeli otdeleniia vne SShA. Liderstvo v globalizatsii zanimal The Chase Manhattan Bank, uzhe v 1947 godu on otkryl otdeleniia v Germanii i Iaponii, v 1973 godu bylo otkryto pervoe s 1920-kh godov otdelenie amerikanskogo banka v Moskve, takzhe v etom godu Chase stal korrespondentskim bankom Bank of China. Razvitie Chase prokhodilo pod rukovodstvom Devida Rokfellera, nachavshego rabotat' v niom v 1946 godu, v 1949 godu on byl izbran vitse-prezidentom, v 1961 godu -- prezidentom, v 1969 godu -- glavnym ispolnitel'nym direktorom, eto post zanimal do 1981 goda^[9][10].

Pervye kreditnye karty poiavilis' v 1950 godu, no populiarnost' oni nachali nabirat' tol'ko v kontse 1960-kh godov, i znachitel'nuiu rol' v etom sygrali neskol'ko predshestvennikov JPMorgan Chase. V 1966 godu City National Bank & Trust Co. of Columbus (finansovaia kompaniia iz Ogaio, stavshaia osnovoi Bank One Corporation) nachala vypusk kreditnykh kart BankAmericard (do etogo ikh vypuskal Bank Ameriki tol'ko v Kalifornii), a cherez piat' let nachala ustanovku terminalov dlia raschiotov kreditnymi kartami v torgovykh tochkakh. Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co. i Chemical Bank v 1969 godu vystupili osnovateliami Assotsiatsii bankovskikh kart Vostochnykh shtatov (angl. Eastern States Bankcard Association), nachavshei vypusk kreditnykh kart Master Charge Plan. Takzhe v 1969 godu Chemical Bank ustanovil prototip mashiny dlia vydachi deneg s kreditnoi karty, proobraz bankomata. Vposledstvii karty Master Charge Plan stali nazyvat'sia MasterCard, a BankAmericard -- VISA^[9][10].

V 1980-kh godakh v SShA nachalos' poslablenie zakonodatel'stva, reguliruiushchego deiatel'nost' bankov, v chastnosti byli sniaty nekotorye ogranicheniia Akta Glassa-Stigolla (v 1999 godu on byl polnost'iu otmenen), takzhe bylo razresheno sozdanie seti otdelenii, okhvatyvavshei vse shtaty. Eto dalo tolchok k bystromu rostu bankov za schiot otkrytiia novykh otdelenii, rasshireniia sfery deiatel'nosti i sliianii. Naibolee aktivnoi v sfere pogloshchenii byla Bank One Corporation, k 1994 godu poglotivshaia 81 bank s 1300 otdeleniiami v 13 shtatakh. V 1987 godu Chemical kupil tekhasskuiu kompaniiu Texas Commerce Bankshares, chto stalo krupneishim mezhshtatnym sliianiem na to vremia. Kak sledstvie sliianii kolichestvo bankov umen'shilos' s 12 tysiach v kontse 1990-kh godov do 7,5 tysiach v 2005 godu, pri etom kolichestvo otdelenii i bankomatov prodolzhalo rasti. V 1989 godu J.P. Morgan & Co. poluchil razreshenie na razmeshchenie korporativnykh obligatsii i v posleduiushchie gody nachal bystro razvivat' napravlenie investitsionnogo bankinga. V 1991 godu Chemical Banking Corporation ob'edinilas' s Manufacturers Hanover Corporation, obrazovav vtoroi krupneishii finansovyi institut SShA. V 1995 godu First Chicago Corporation slilas' s NBD Bancorp Inc., obrazovav First Chicago NBD Corporation. V 1996 godu Chemical Banking Corporation ob'edinilas' s The Chase Manhattan Corporation, sformirovav krupneishii bankovskii kholding strany. V 1998 godu Banc One Corporation poglotila First Chicago NBD Corporation, stav mirovym liderom po vypusku kreditnykh kart VISA (posle sliianiia napisanie Banc bylo izmeneno na Bank). V 2000 godu ob'edinilis' The Chase Manhattan Corporation i J.P.Morgan & Co. Incorporated pod nazvaniem JPMorgan Chase & Co., v 2004 godu eta kompaniia za $58,5 mlrd kupila Bank One Corporation, a v 2008 godu -- investitsionnyi bank The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (na 2007 god 5-i krupneishii v SShA)^[13], takzhe byla kuplena chast' seti otdelenii sberegatel'nogo banka Washington Mutual, okazavshegosia na grani bankrotstva^{[14][15][9][10]}.

V 2004 godu JPMorgan Chase sformiroval sovmestnoe obshchestvo s britanskoi brokerskoi kontoroi Cazenove, kotoroe poluchilo nazvanie J.P. Morgan Cazenove. V 2010 godu amerikanskii konglomerat vykupil ostal'nuiu chast' britanskoi kompanii^[16][17].

V oktiabre 2014 goda JPMorgan prodal svoio podrazdelenie po rabote na tovarno-syr'evykh birzhakh kompanii Mercuria za $800 mln^[18].

V mae 2023 goda byl pogloshchion First Republic Bank, obankrotivshikhsia v khode bankovskogo krizisa 2023 goda^[19].

V oktiabre 2023 goda predstaviteli banka JPMorgan osushchestvili pervuiu tranzaktsiiu po raschetu zaloga na osnove blokchein-setei s uchastiem kompanii BlackRock i Barclays. Blokchein Onyx ot JPMorgan na baze Ethereum i tokenizirovannaia set' obespecheniia (TCN) ispol'zovalis' BlackRock dlia tokenizatsii aktsii odnogo iz svoikh fondov. Zatem tsifrovye aktivy byli peredany na scheta Barclays. Oni posluzhili obespecheniem vo vnebirzhevoi torgovle derivativami^[20][21].

V dekabre 2025 goda JPMorgan ob'iavil o zapuske svoego pervogo tokenizirovannogo fonda MONY v seti Ethereum i vlozhil v nego $100 mln sobstvennogo kapitala. Bank perenios v blokchein-format privychnyi instrument dlia raboty s likvidnost'iu, tem samym pokazav, chto razgovory o tokenizatsii finansovogo rynka SShA perestali byt' teoriei i nachali prevrashchat'sia v praktiku^[22].

• Dzheims Daimon (James L. Dimon) -- predsedatel' pravleniia (s 2006 goda) i glavnyi ispolnitel'nyi direktor (s 2005 goda); v JPMorgan Chase okazalsia v rezul'tate pogloshcheniia Bank One, kotoryi on vozglavlial s 2000 goda; do Bank One rabotal v Citigroup, The Travelers Companies, Commercial Credit Company i American Express; okonchil Garvardskuiu shkolu biznesa (stepen' magistra)^[2].

• Daniel' Pinto (Daniel E. Pinto) -- odin iz dvukh prezidentov i glavnykh operatsionnykh direktorov s 2018 goda, s 2011 goda takzhe vozglavliaet podrazdelenie korporativnogo i investitsionnogo bankinga.
• Gordon Smit (Gordon A. Smith) -- odin iz dvukh prezidentov i glavnykh operatsionnykh direktorov s 2018 goda, s 2012 goda takzhe vozglavliaet podrazdelenie potrebitel'skogo i obshchestvennogo bankinga.
• Mariann Leik (Marianne Lake) -- glava otdela potrebitel'skogo kreditovaniia.
• Meri Erdouz (Mary Callahan Erdoes) -- glava podrazdeleniia upravleniia aktivami s 2009 goda.
• Duglas Petno (Douglas B. Petno) -- glava podrazdeleniia kommercheskogo bankinga s 2012 goda.
• Lori Bir (Lori A. Beer) -- glavnyi informatsionnyi direktor s 2017 goda, v kompanii s 2014 goda, do etogo rabotala v Anthem, Inc.
• Eshli Beikon (Ashley Bacon) -- glavnyi direktor po finansovym riskam s 2013 goda.
• Steisi Fridman (Stacey R. Friedman) -- glava iuridicheskogo otdela kompanii s 2016 goda, v JPMorgan Chase s 2012 goda.
• Robin Liopold (Robin Leopold) -- glava otdela po rabote s kadrami s ianvaria 2018 goda.
• Piter Sher (Peter Scher) -- vitse-prezident, glava otdela korporativnoi otvetstvennosti s 2011 goda^[2].

• Linda Bammann (Linda B. Bammann) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov s 2013 goda.
• Stiven Biork (Stephen B. Burke) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, takzhe s 2011 goda CEO kompanii NBCUniversal i Comcast Corporation.
• Todd Kumbz (Todd A. Combs) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, takzhe investitsionnyi direktor Berkshire Hathaway (s 2010 goda).
• Dzheims Kraun (James S. Crown) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, takzhe s 2002 goda prezident chastnoi investitsionnoi kompanii Henry Crown and Company.
• Timoti Flinn (Timothy P. Flynn) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, s 2007 po 2011 god byl prezidentom auditorskoi kompanii KPMG; takzhe chlen soveta direktorov United Healthcare (s 2017 goda), Alcoa (s 2016 goda) i Wal-Mart Stores (s 2012 goda).
• Mellodi Khobson (Mellody L. Hobson) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, takzhe s 2000 goda prezident chikagskoi investitsionnoi kompanii Ariel Investments, LLC.; vkhodit v pravlenie Starbucks i Estee Lauder.
• Fibi Novakovich (Phebe N. Novakovic) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, takzhe predsedatel' pravleniia i general'nyi direktor General Dynamics.
• Maikl Nil (Michael A. Neal) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, do 2013 goda byl vitse-predsedatelem General Electric, s 2007 po 2013 god predsedatelem GE Capital.
• Virdzhiniia Kometti (Virginia M. Kometty) -- nezavisimyi chlen soveta direktorov, byvshii predsedatel' i CEO IBM^[2].

Aktsii JPMorgan Chase kotiruiutsia na N'iu-Iorkskoi fondovoi birzhe. Institutsional'nym investoram po sostoianiiu na nachalo 2023 goda prinadlezhal 71 % aktsii, krupneishimi iz nikh byli: The Vanguard Group (9,3 %), BlackRock (6,6 %), State Street Global Advisors (4,4 %), Capital Group Companies (3,3 %), Morgan Stanley (2,0 %), Bank of America (1,9 %), Geode Capital Management (1,7 %), FMR Co., Inc. (1,5 %), Wellington Management Group (1,4 %), Northern Trust (1,2 %), MFS Investment Management (1,1 %), The Bank of New York Mellon (1,1 %), T. Rowe Price (1,0 %)^[23].

Podrazdeleniia po sostoianiiu na 2023 god^[1]:

• Potrebitel'skii i obshchestvennyi banking (Consumer & Community Banking) -- obsluzhivanie fizicheskikh lits i malogo biznesa cherez set' otdelenii i bankomatov. Vkliuchaet predostavlenie ipotechnykh i prochikh kreditov, obsluzhivanie kreditnykh kart, priiom depozitov i tak dalee. Vyruchka etogo segmenta sostavila 70,1 mlrd dollarov, chistaia pribyl' -- 21,2 mlrd, aktivy -- 643 mlrd (iz nikh 259 mlrd -- ipotechnye kredity), 142 tys. sotrudnikov, 82 mln klientov.

• Korporativnyi i investitsionnyi bank (Corporate & Investment Bank) -- obsluzhivanie korporatsii, investorov, finansovykh institutov, pravitel'stv i munitsipalitetov, okolo poloviny deiatel'nosti osushchestvliaetsia vne SShA. Osushchestvliaet operatsii s tsennymi bumagami, takimi kak aktsii i obligatsii. Okazyvaet depozitarnye uslugi (uchiot i khranenie tsennykh bumag) s depozitarnymi aktivami $31 trln, iz nikh 14 trln v Severnoi Amerike, razmer aktivov pod administrirovaniem $4,1 trln na konets 2020 goda. Vyruchka podrazdeleniia sostavila 48,8 mlrd dollarov, chistaia pribyl' -- 14,1 mlrd, aktivy -- 1,338 trln, 74,4 tys. sotrudnikov.

• Kommercheskii banking (Commercial Banking) -- obsluzhivanie amerikanskikh korporatsii i finansovykh institutov s godovym oborotom v diapazone ot $20 mln do $2 mlrd. Uslugi vkliuchaiut kreditovanie, kaznacheiskie usugi, investitsionnyi banking i drugie. Vyruchka podrazdeleniia sostavila 15,5 mlrd dollarov, chistaia pribyl' -- 6,1 mlrd, aktivy -- 300 mlrd, 17,9 tys. sotrudnikov.

• Upravlenie aktivami i chastnym kapitalom (Asset & Wealth Management) -- bank cherez dochernie kompanii upravliaet aktivami klientov na summu $3,4 trln na konets 2023 goda (iz nikh $2,5 trln v Severnoi Amerike). Vyruchka podrazdeleniia sostavila $19,8 mlrd, chistaia pribyl' -- 5,2 mlrd, sobstvennye aktivy -- $246 mlrd, 28,5 tys. sotrudnikov. JPMorgan Chase okazyvaet doveritel'noe upravlenie institutsional'nym klientam cherez docherniuiu kompaniiu J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. s aktivami $1,3 trln^[24][25]. V 2015 godu JPMorgan Chase zanial 6-e mesto v spiske krupneishikh investitsionnykh kompanii mira po razmeru aktivov pod upravleniem ($1,723 trln)^[26].

V strukture vyruchki kompanii iz 158,1 mlrd v 2023 godu na chistyi protsentnyi dokhod prishlos' 89,3 mlrd dollarov, na drugie vidy dokhodov prishlos' 68,8 mlrd dollarov, vkliuchaia dokhod ot tranzaktsii (24,4 mlrd), komissionnye i plata za uslugi po upravleniiu aktivami (15,2 mlrd), uslugi kreditovaniia i priioma depozitov (7,4 mlrd), obsluzhivanie kreditnykh kart (4,8 mlrd), uslugi, sviazannye s ipotechnym kreditovaniem (1,2 mlrd)^[1].

V strukture aktivov iz 3,88 trln doll. v 2023 godu 1,32 trln sostavili vydannye kredity, eshchio $595 mlrd prishlos' na depozity v drugikh bankakh, kompanii prinadlezhit tsennykh bumag na $572 mlrd, torgovykh aktivov na 541 mlrd doll. Bolee poloviny passivov prikhoditsia na depozity, na konets 2023 goda ikh razmer sostavlial $2,40 trln^[1].

Osnovnym regionom deiatel'nosti iavliaetsia Severnaia Amerika, na neio prikhoditsia 78 % vyruchki, 80 % chistoi pribyli i 78 % aktivov^[1]. Na SShA prikhoditsia 68,7 % vyruchki, na Evropu, Blizhnii Vostok i Afriku 12,8 %, na aziatsko-tikhookeanskii region 5,2 %, na Latinskuiu Ameriku 1,8 %. Roznichnye bankovskie uslugi konglomerat predostavliaet tol'ko v SShA, naibolee znachimymi shtatami iavliaiutsia Kaliforniia, N'iu-Iork, Illinois, Tekhas i Florida. V stranakh Evropy, Blizhnego Vostoka i Afriki osushchestvliaet svoiu deiatel'nost' cherez kommercheskii bank J.P. Morgan Bank International Limited so shtab-kvartiroi v Londone, osnovannyi v 1968 godu pod nazvaniem Chase Manhattan International Limited. Imeet sleduiushchie regional'nye ofisy:

• Velikobritaniia^[27]
• Bel'giia, Niderlandy i Liuksemburg^[28]
• Normandskie ostrova^[29] (ostrova Dzhersi i Gernsi, iavliaiushchiesia ofshornymi zonami)
• Frantsiia
• Germaniia, Avstriia i Shveitsariia
• Gretsiia
• Irlandiia
• Izrail'
• Italiia
• Blizhnii Vostok i Severnaia Afrika
• Strany Severnoi Evropy
• Rossiia -- ofis otkryt v SSSR v 1973 godu. V 1993 godu zaregistrirovan v Banke Rossii pod nomerom 2629^[30].
• Ispaniia i Portugaliia
• Chiornaia Afrika (Sub-Saharan Africa)
• Turtsiia i tsentral'naia Aziia

Takzhe est' otdeleniia v sleduiushchikh regionakh^[31]:

• Kanada
• Latinskaia Amerika (Argentina, Chili, Tsentral'naia Amerika i Karibskii region)
• Braziliia
• Meksika
• Avstraliia i Novaia Zelandiia
• Bangladesh
• V'etnam
• Gonkong
• Indiia
• Indoneziia
• Kitai (s 1923 goda)
• Respublika Koreia (s 1967 goda)
• Malaiziia
• Singapur
• Taivan' (s 1970 goda)
• Tailand
• Filippiny
• Iaponiia (s 1924 goda)

Na konets 2018 goda JP Morgan Chase prinadlezhalo aktsii drugikh kompanii na 460,14 mlrd doll. Po otrasliam eti investitsii raspredelialis' sleduiushchim obrazom:

• finansovye kompanii -- 31,87 %
• tekhnologicheskie kompanii -- 20,06 %
• proizvoditeli potrebitel'skikh tovarov (tsiklichnykh) -- 10,36 %
• zdravookhranenie -- 9,97 %
• promyshlennye kompanii -- 8,47 %
• energetika -- 5,2 %
• proizvoditeli potrebitel'skikh tovarov (netsiklichnykh) -- 4,09 %^[32].

Po stoimosti paketov aktsii naibolee znachitel'ny Microsoft ($10,9 mlrd), Alphabet (Class A $4 mlrd + Class C $4,7 mlrd), Amazon ($7,8 mlrd), Apple ($7,7 mlrd), Bank of America Corporation ($4,8 mlrd), Pfizer ($4,3 mlrd), UnitedHealth Group ($3,9 mlrd), Alibaba Group ($3,5 mlrd), Texas Instruments ($3,5 mlrd), Johnson & Johnson ($3,3 mlrd), Merck & Co, Inc. ($3,2 mlrd), MasterCard ($3,2 mlrd), Home Depot ($3,2 mlrd), Visa, Inc. ($3 mlrd), Nextera Energy ($2,1 mlrd), Honeywell ($2,8 mlrd), Salesforce Company ($2,7 mlrd), Chevron Corporation ($2,5 mlrd), Verizon Communications ($2,5 mlrd), Analog Devices ($2,5 mlrd), The Coca-Cola Company ($2,4 mlrd), Norfolk Southern Corporation ($2,4 mlrd), Wells Fargo ($2,4 mlrd), Taiwan Semiconductor ($2,4 mlrd), Netflix ($2,2 mlrd), Mondelez International ($2,2 mlrd), Comcast Corporation ($2,1 mlrd), Citigroup ($2,1 mlrd), Morgan Stanley ($2,1 mlrd), PayPal Holdings ($2,1 mlrd). Krome etogo znachitel'nye summy kompaniia vkladyvaet cherez investitsionnye fondy, upravliaemye BlackRock (v osnovnom gruppa kotiruemykh na birzhe fondov iShares^[angl.]) i The Vanguard Group, Inc (eti investitsii otnosiatsia k finansovoi otrasli, khotia mogut reinvestirovat'sia fondami v liubye drugie otrasli)^[32].

finansovye pokazateli

Primechanie. Dannye za 2020 god, rynochnaia kapitalizatsiia na iiun' 2021 goda.

V 2002 godu JPMorgan Chase okazalsia sredi 10 bankov, oshtrafovannykh za predostavlenie investoram neob'ektivnykh issledovanii rynkov; dolia JPMorgan Chase sostavila 80 mln doll. iz 1,4 mlrd na vse 10 bankov^[44].

V 2003--2005 gg. kompaniia zaplatila v obshchei slozhnosti 2,5 mlrd doll. za sodeistvie v iskazhenii otchiotnosti kompanii Enron, obankrotivsheisia v 2001 godu^[45][46].

V 2005 godu JPMorgan Chase zaplatil investoram WorldCom $2 mlrd, poskol'ku byl odnim iz 17 anderraiterov etoi kompanii; razmer vyplaty okazalsia vtorym posle Citigroup, zaplativshei $2,6 mlrd^[47].

V mae 2010 goda Federal'naia komissiia SShA po tsennym bumagam v ramkakh rassledovaniia torgovykh operatsii s ipotechnymi obligatsiiami pred'iavila grazhdanskie iski banku. 19 noiabria 2013 goda Upravlenie iustitsii SShA ob'iavilo, chto JPMorgan Chase & Co. zaplatit rekordnuiu summu v $13 mlrd dlia prekrashcheniia rassledovaniia. Ranee bank uzhe byl oshtrafovan vlastiami SShA i Velikobritanii na summu v $920 mln po delu <> Bruno Iksilia, deistviia kotorogo nanesli ushcherb v 6 mlrd doll. JPMorgan ustanovil rekord sredi bankov SShA po raskhodam na sudebnye razbiratel'stva, summa kotorykh za piat' let, s 2008 po 2013 god, prevysila $18 mlrd^[48][49].

25 avgusta 2011 goda JPMorgan Chase byl oshtrafovan kaznacheistvom SShA na $88,3 mln za narushenie sanktsii v otnoshenii Kuby, Irana, Sudana, rezhima Charl'za Teilora v Liberii i prichastnykh k rasprostraneniiu oruzhiia massovogo porazheniia^[50].

7 ianvaria 2014 goda JPMorgan Chase soglasilsia vyplatit' $1,7 mlrd shtrafa po delu Bernarda Medoffa. Medoff otkryl schiot v Chemical Bank v 1986 godu i ostavalsia klientom do samogo aresta v 2008 godu. Bank obvinialsia v bezdeistvii v otnoshenii sozdavaemoi aferistom finansovoi piramidy, iski osnovyvalis' na slovakh samogo Medoffa, skazavshego posle aresta, chto JPMorgan Chase ne mog za 20 let ne zametit' ego prestupnoi deiatel'nosti, no predpochital molchat', boias' poteriat' vygodnogo klienta^{[51][52][53][54][55]}.

V sentiabre 2014 goda bylo obnaruzheno, chto v rezul'tate kiberataki byli skomprometirovany scheta 83 mln klientov JPMorgan Chase i 9 drugikh bankov^[56][57].

V sentiabre 2020 goda bank soglasilsia vyplatit' bolee 920 mln doll. (436,4 mln v vide shtrafov, 311,7 mln v kachestve restitutsii i bolee 172 mln v vide iz'iatiia) i priznal pravonarusheniia dlia uregulirovaniia rassledovanii, sviazannykh s manipulirovaniem rynkom pri torgovle f'iuchersami na metally i kaznacheiskimi tsennymi bumagami SShA s pomoshch'iu spufinga (razmeshchenie znachitel'nykh zakazov, sposobnykh povliiat' na rynochnuiu dinamiku, iznachal'no namerevaias' ikh annulirovat')^[58].

Portal Frank (osnovan Charli Dzhevis (Charlie Javice^[angl.]) v 2017 godu, priobretion bankom v 2021 g.), orientirovannyi na studentov i pomogavshii im poluchit' finansovuiu podderzhku dlia oplaty obrazovaniia; eto dolzhno bylo pomoch' banku naladit' sviazi s molodoi auditoriei -- delo zakonchilos' ugolovnym obvineniem v moshennichestve.^[59]

Shtab-kvartira JPMorgan Chase nakhoditsia na Mankhettene v zdanii 270 Park Avenue, gde ranee raspolagalas' shtab-kvartira Chemical Bank. V 2018 godu bylo ob'iavleno o planakh snesti eto zdanie i postroit' novoe, na 150 m vyshe; eto 70-etazhnoe zdanie budet vmeshchat' 15 tysiach sotrudnikov; nachalo rabot bylo zaplanirovano na 2019 god, zavershenie v 2024 godu^{[60][utochnit']}. Kholdingu prinadlezhit eshchio tri zdaniia na Park-Aveniu: 277 Park Avenue, 245 Park Avenue, 345 Park Avenue, a takzhe byvshaia shtab-kvartira Bear Stearns po adresu 383 Madison Avenue. V Chikago v Chase Tower nakhoditsia tsentr kommercheskogo i roznichnogo bankinga pod brendom Chase. Eshchio 11 tysiach sotrudnikov razmeshchaiutsia v byvshei shtab-kvartire Bank One v Kolumbuse (Ogaio). Chast' operatsii osushchestvliaetsia iz JPMorgan Chase Tower v Kh'iustone (shtat Tekhas), neboskrioba, dostavshegosia pri pokupke Texas Commerce Bank.

Shtab-kvartira global'nogo korporativnogo banka nakhoditsia v Londone (Velikobritaniia). Operatsionnyi tsentr aziatskogo regiona raspolozhen v Gonkonge v Chater-khause. Tsentrom deiatel'nosti v Kanade iavliaetsia provintsiia Ontario (goroda Toronto i Berlington). Osen'iu 2017 goda byl otkryt regional'nyi tsentr v Varshave (Pol'sha)^[61].

• JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (SShA)
  • Paymentech, LLC (SShA)
  • J.P. Morgan Treasury Technologies Corporation (SShA)
  • J.P. Morgan International Finance Limited (SShA)
    • Chase Paymentech Europe Limited (Irlandiia)
    • JPMorgan Securities Japan Co., Ltd. (Iaponiia)
    • Chase Paymentech Solutions Inc. (Kanada)
    • J.P. Morgan Capital Holdings Limited (Velikobritaniia)
      • J.P. Morgan Securities PLC (Velikobritaniia)
        • J.P. Morgan Europe Limited (Velikobritaniia)
      • J.P. Morgan International Bank Limited (Velikobritaniia)
        • <> (Rossiia)^[62]
    • J.P. Morgan AG (Germaniia)
• JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC (SShA)
  • J.P. Morgan Services India Private Limited (Indiia)
  • J.P. Morgan Ventures Energy Corporation (SShA)
  • JPMorgan Asset Management Holdings Inc. (SShA)
    • JPMorgan Distribution Services, Inc. (SShA)
    • JPMorgan Asset Management International Limited (Velikobritaniia)
      • JPMorgan Asset Management Holdings (UK) Limited (Velikobritaniia)
        • JPMorgan Asset Management (UK) Limited (Velikobritaniia)
        • JPMorgan Asset Management Holdings (Luxembourg) S.a r.l. (Liuksemburg)
          • JPMorgan Asset Management (Europe) S.a r.l. (Liuksemburg)
          • JPMorgan -- Invest (Rossiia)
          • JPMorgan Asset Management (Asia) Inc. (Delaver)
          • JPMorgan Asset Management (Japan) Limited (Iaponiia)
          • JPMorgan Asset Management (Canada) Inc. (Kanada)
          • JPMorgan Asset Management Luxembourg S.A. (Liuksemburg)
          • JPMorgan Asset Management Advisory Company S.a r.l. (Liuksemburg)
    • J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (SShA)
  • J.P. Morgan Broker-Dealer Holdings Inc. (SShA)
    • J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (SShA)
  • J.P. Morgan Equity Holdings, Inc. (SShA)
    • Chase Bank USA, National Association (SShA)
      • Chase Card Funding LLC (SShA)
        • Chase Issuance Trust (SShA)
      • Chase BankCard Services, Inc. (SShA)^[63]

• JPMorgan Nominees Australia Limited (Avstraliia)
• JPMorgan Securities Australia Limited (Avstraliia)
• JPMorgan Asset Management Marketing Limited (Velikobritaniia)
• JPMorgan Trust Bank Limited (Iaponiia)
• JPMorgan Funds Limited (Shotlandiia)
• Morgan Guaranty Trust Company Limited (Velikobritaniia)
• J. P. Morgan Administrative Services Australia Limited (Avstraliia)
• J. P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A. (Liuksemburg)
• J. P. Morgan Luxembourg International S.a r.l. (Liuksemburg)
• J. P. Morgan Holdings B.V. (Niderlandy)
• J. P. Morgan Trust Company of Delaware (Delaver)
• J. P. Morgan Trust Company, N.A. (Delaver)
• J. P. Morgan Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited (Bagamskie ostrova)
• J. P. Morgan Trust Company (Cayman) Limited (Ostrova Kaiman)
• J. P. Morgan Trust Company (Jersey) Limited (Dzhersi)
• J. P. Morgan Trustee and Depositary Company Limited (Velikobritaniia)

• Bear Stearns
• Washington Mutual

• Ofitsial'nyi sait JPMorgan Chase (angl.)
• JPMorgan Chase na saite Komissii po tsennym bumagam i birzham (angl.)
• Spisok investitsionnykh fondov JPMorgan Chase (morningstar.com) (angl.)

• Kompanii, imeiushchie listing aktsii na N'iu-Iorkskoi birzhe
• Banki SShA
• Kompanii po alfavitu
• Kompanii, osnovannye v 2000 godu
• JPMorgan Chase
• Finansovye kompanii SShA
• Global'nye finansovye konglomeraty
• Morgany (finansovaia dinastiia)
• Rokfellery
• Poiavilis' v 2000 godu v N'iu-Iorke

• Vikipediia:Cite web (ne ukazan iazyk)
• Vikipediia:Predpriiatiia bez ukazannykh geograficheskikh koordinat
• Vikipediia:Stat'i, trebuiushchie utochneniia istochnikov
• Vikipediia:Stat'i s shablonami nedostatkov po alfavitu
• Stat'i so ssylkami na Vikisklad