HTTP

Chu Dian : huri-Bai Ke Shi Dian {uikipedeia(Wikipedia)}

konoJi Shi haJian Zheng Ke Neng naCan Kao Wen Xian yaChu Dian gaQuan kuShi sareteinaika, Bu Shi Fen desu. Chu Dian woZhui Jia shiteJi Shi noXin Lai Xing Xiang Shang nigoXie Li kudasai. (konotenpure-tonoShi iFang ) Chu Dian Jian Suo ?: "HTTP" - niyu-su * Shu Ji * sukara- * CiNii * J-STAGE * NDL * dlib.jp * ziyapansa-chi * TWL (2025Nian 12Yue )

HTTP

Tong Xin purotokoru
Mu De	haipa-tekisutonadonoZhuan Song
Kai Fa Zhe	teimu*ba-na-zu=ri- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Dao Ru	1991Nian (35Nian Qian ) (1991)
Pai Sheng Xian	HTTP/2, HTTP/3, WebDAV
OSIJie Ceng	apurike-shiyonCeng
po-to	80
RFC	Gong Tong : RFC 9110, RFC 9111 HTTP/1.1: RFC 9112 HTTP/2: RFC 9113 HTTP/3: RFC 9114

HTTP
Zhu Yao Xiang Mu
Chi Sok De Jie Sok Ya Suo (Ying Yu Ban ) HTTPS HTTP/2 HTTP/3
rikuesutomesotsudo
OPTIONS GET HEAD POST(Ying Yu Ban ) PUT DELETE TRACE CONNECT PATCH(Ying Yu Ban )
hetsuda-hui-rudo(Ying Yu Ban )
Cookie ETag Location(Ying Yu Ban ) rihuara DNT(Ying Yu Ban ) X-Forwarded-For
sute-tasuko-do
301 Moved Permanently(Ying Yu Ban ) 302 Found 303 See Other(Ying Yu Ban ) 403 Forbidden 404 Not Found 503 Service Unavailable
Ren Zheng Fang Shi
BasicRen Zheng DigestRen Zheng
sekiyuriteiho-ru
HTTPhetsuda*inziekushiyon HTTPrikuesutosumaguringu(Ying Yu Ban ) HTTPresuponsuFen Ge (Ying Yu Ban ) HTTPparame-taWu Ran (Ying Yu Ban )
Biao Hua Bian Li

TCP/IPQun
apurike-shiyonCeng
BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP IMAP IRC LDAP MGCP MQTT NNTP NTP SNTP TIME POP RIP OSPF ONC RPC RTP SIP SMTP SNMP SSH Telnet TFTP TLS/SSL XMPP kategori
toransupo-toCeng
TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP QUIC kategori
inta-netsutoCeng
IP IPv4 IPv6 ICMP ICMPv6 NDP IGMP IPsec kategori
rinkuCeng
ARP SPB tonneringu L2TP PPP MAC i-sanetsuto IEEE 802.11 DSL ISDN kategori
Biao Hua Bian Li

HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol, haipa-tekisuto*toransuhua-*purotokoru)ha, haipa-medeiawoZhuan Song suruTong Xin purotokorudeari, Zhu niinta-netsutoShang deLi Yong sareru. World Wide Webnode-taTong Xin noJi Pan woZhi eruJi Shu deari, inta-netsuto*purotokoru*sui-tonoYi tsudearu.

TCPyaQUIChaapurike-shiyonJian nokonekushiyonXing Tong Xin woTi Gong suru. HTTPhakonokonekushiyonShang wo, riso-suYao Wang toFan Da ga, metsuse-ziDan Wei de, 1Wang Fu nokuraiantorikuesuto&sa-ba-resuponsutoiuXing deTong Xin sareru, toDing metasute-toresunopurotokorudearu^[1].

HTTPnoFa Ming niyori, inta-netsutoShang denoriso-suGong Kai toakusesugaRong Yi ninatsuta. kuraiantogasa-ba-tokonekushiyonwoQue Li shi1tsunoHTTPmetsuse-ziwoShu iteSong rudakede, sa-ba-Shang noriso-sugaHTTPmetsuse-zitoshiteGui tsutekuru. yueniHTTPdeGong Kai sareruarayururiso-suniHTTPtoiuDan Yi noShou Fa deakusesudekiruyouninatsuta.

HTTPwoKai Fa shitaLi You dearikatsuXian Zai moGuang kuLi Yong sareruYong Tu haWorld Wide Webdearu. Websa-batoWebburauzahaHTTPdeZhu niTong Xin shiteori, burauzakaranoHTTPmetsuse-ziniYing Da shitesa-ba-gaHTMLtekisutoyaJavaScriptko-dowoSong riFan shi, korewoburauzadeBiao Shi surukotodeuebugaCheng Li shiteiru.

mataHTTPhametsuse-ziXing Shi woDing meru. Ji Ben De naKao eFang haDan Chun de[He wo] [doushite] Yu shiinokawoChuan eru. Li ebarikuesutometsuse-zi GET /apple.jpg ha[apple.jpg Hua Xiang wo, Shou niRu retai] woYi Wei suru. URLga[He wo] ni, mesotsudoga[doushite] niDang taru.

World Wide WebniokeruWebpe-zinadonoriso-suha, Uniform Resource IdentifierniyotsuteZhi Ding sareru. HTTP woShi Yong shiteriso-suniakusesusurutokiha, http: gaXian Tou nitsuita URL woShi Yong suru. Xia niURL noLi woJu geru.

http://www.example.co.jp/~test/samples/index.html

Zui Chu no HTTP/0.9 dehaURLwoZhi Ding shitekontentsuwodaunro-dosurunominoJian Dan nayaritoridatsutaga, HTTP/1.0 deGai Liang sareta.

• Yang "narikuesutomesotsudogaZhui Jia sareta. POSTwoShi tsute, atsupuro-do(kuraiantokarasa-bahenode-tanoZhuan Song )gaKe Neng ninatsuta.
• NNTPyaSMTPnoyounaGe Zhong hetsudagaDing Yi sare, HTTP cookienadonoLi Yong gaKe Neng ninatsuta.

HTTP/1.1 dehaFu Shu de-tawoXiao Lu yokuZhuan Song surutamenoChi Sok De Jie Sok ya, purokishinoLi Yong nadomoXiang Ding shitaShi Yang ninatsuta. sarani HTTP/2yaHTTP/3gaCe Ding sareta. Xian Zai dehaHTTPsemanteikusutoGe ba-ziyonnoShou Sok kigaFen Li shiteDing Yi sareteiru(#Gui Ge woCan Zhao ).

konohokanoDian woGe Tiao Shu kideShi su.

• TCPnopo-toFan Hao 80wodehuorutotoshiteShi Yong suru(HTTP/0.9~ 1.1toHTTP/2noChang He ).
• TLSdeAn Hao Hua sare, sekiyuriteiwoQue Bao shitaHTTPha, HTTPStoHu bareru(httpshaShi Ji nihaURIsuki-muno1tsudeari, Shi Ji nopurotokorunihaHTTP over SSL/TLSmatahaHTTP/3gaYong irareru).
• HTTP haJi Ben De nisa-bagaZhuang Tai woBao Chi shinai (stateless) purotokorudaga, de-tabe-sunadowoShi Yong suruWebapurike-shiyonnioitehaZhuang Tai Bao Chi gaBi Yao datsutatame, iwayuru Cookie(kutsuki-)toyobareruJi Gou ga Netscape Communications Corporation niyotsuteDao Ru sareta. Cookie woShi Yong surukotoniyotsuteZhuang Tai woGuan Li shi, setsushiyonwoWei Chi surukotogaKe Neng ninaru.
• Xing Mo Wen Zi haCRLFde, inta-netsuto*purotokoru*sui-tonioiteapurike-shiyonCeng niShu suruTa noDuo kunopurotokorutoTong zidearu(HTTP/0.9~ 1.1noChang He ).

igirisunoWu Li Xue Zhe teimu*ba-na-zu=ri-ha1990Nian Mo , roba-to*kairiyu-toGong niChu noWebburauzatoWebsa-bawoZuo Cheng shita. burauzanihaTong Xin wosurutamenopurotokorugaBi Yao datsutanode, Er Ren haHTTPnoZui Chu Qi noba-ziyonwoShe Ji shita.

Yi Lai inta-netsutonoDa Bu Fen woHTTPTong Xin gaZhan meruyouninari, 1998Nian nihainta-netsutoShang noTong Xin no75%gaHTTPniyorumononinatsuta.

Zui Chu Qi noHTTP/0.9noShi Yang Shu haZhi niYin Shua sureba1Mei deJi muyounaFei Chang niJian Su nadokiyumentodatsutaga, 2Du noba-ziyonatsupuwoJing taHTTP/1.1noShi Yang Shu haShi ni176pe-ziJin kunoFen Liang niPeng reagatsuta.

1991Nian niZui Chu nidokiyumentoHua saretaba-ziyon^[2]. mesotsudoha GET shikanakatsuta. resuponsuhaDan Chun nidokiyumentonoNei Rong woFan shitekonekushiyonwoQie Duan surudakede, resuponsuko-donoGui Ding monai. Xia Ji ha, HTTP/0.9 norikuesutonoLi .

GET /index.html

1996Nian 5Yue ni RFC 1945 toshiteFa Biao sareta. Shi Yang ga RFC deXi wareruyouninatsuta. mesotsudoni POST nado GET Yi Wai nomonogaZeng eta. resuponsuhahetsuda-gatsukuyouninari, sute-tasuko-dowoHan meruyouninatsuta. HTTP/0.9 toQu Bie surutame, rikuesutopurotokoruniba-ziyonwoHan merukotoninatsuta.

HTTP/1.0norikuesuto

GET /index.html HTTP/1.0

HTTP/1.1

[Bian Ji ]

1997Nian 1Yue ni RFC 2068 toshiteChu Ban gaFa Biao sareta. sonoHou , 3Hui Gai Ding sare, Xian Zai hasemanteikusu*kiyatsushinguwoChu kuBu Fen gaRFC 9112deGui Ding sareteiru.

Ming Qian be-suba-chiyaruhosutonotame, Hosthetsuda-hui-rudonoGui Ding gaZhui Jia sareta.

HTTP/1.1norikuesuto

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: foo.example.com

HTTP/2noMu Biao haHTTP/1.1notoranzakushiyon*semanteikusutonoWan Quan naHou Fang Hu Huan Xing woWei Chi shitamamaFei Tong Qi naJie Sok noDuo Zhong Hua , hetsudaYa Suo , rikuesutotoresuponsunopaipurainHua woShi Xian surukotodearu. GoogleniyotsuteLi chiShang gerare^[3], Googlenoburauza-dearuChromedakedehanaku, Ta nimo, Opera, Firefox, Amazon SilknadogaDui Ying shiteiruHTTPHu Huan nopurotokoruSPDYnoRen Qi gaGao matsuteirukotoniDui Ying surutameniKai Fa sareta^[4].

HTTP-over-QUIC(hq)toshiteIETFgaKai Fa shiteitaXin tanaTong Xin purotokoruga, HTTP/3hetoGai Ming sareru. ^[5] IETFgaCe Ding woJin meteiruQUIChatoransupo-toCeng niokerupurotokorunoMing Cheng deari, apurike-shiyonCeng purotokorudearuHTTP-over-QUICtonoQu Bie woMing Que nisurutame, konoyounaMing Cheng Bian Geng niZhi tsuta. ^[6]

HTTP/2toBi be, Duo Zhong Hua surusutori-munoQu riXi igaXia Wei Ceng noQUICheYi Xing shitakoto^[7], hetsudooburainburotsukingu(Ying Yu Ban )woHui Bi surutamenohetsudaYa Suo noBian Geng (HTTP/3Yong niQPACKgaKai Fa sareteiru)^[8]nadonoChai Yi gaaru.

Ta nopurotokoruTong Yang , kuraiantoCe tosa-baCe dehaYi Ge gaDa kikuYi naru. HTTPTong Xin woKai Shi dekirunohakuraiantoCe nomidearu.

kuraiantoCe gasa-banirikuesutowoSong ri, sa-bagakuraiantoniresuponsuwoFan sunogaZui moDian Xing De naHTTPnoyaritoridearu.

shisutemuJian demetsuse-ziwoyaritorisurunihaJie Sok woQue Li saseruBi Yao gaaru. HTTP/0.9~HTTP/1.1oyobiHTTP/2dehaTCPwoShi Yong suru.

HTTP/0.9dehakuraiantonorikuesutogotoniTCPJie Sok woQue Li saseruBi Yao gaatsuta. korehaDang Shi noWebsaitogashinpurunatekisutobe-sudearukotogaDuo katsutatamedearu. Jin Nian dehaJavaScriptyaanime-shiyonHua Xiang nado, Duo Shu noobuziekutogaMai meIp maretaWebsaitogaYi Ban De tonatsutekiteori, koreranoobuziekutowoQu De surutabiniTCPJie Sok woQue Li surunohasa-bayanetsutowa-kuniDa kinaFu Dan woQiang irutame, 1Hui noTCPJie Sok de, Fu Shu noHTTPrikuesuto*resuponsuwoyariQu risuruChi Sok De Jie Sok gaHTTP/1.0noKuo Zhang toshiteDao Ru sareta. sonoHou , HTTP/1.1deha, Chi Sok De Jie Sok gadehuorutotonatsuta. sunawachi, He moZhi Ding shinakerebaChi Sok De Jie Sok tonari, Chi Sok De Jie Sok woWang manakerebahetsuda-hui-rudoniConnection: closewoZhui Jia suruShi Yang tonatsuteiru.

kuraiantohaQian norikuesutoniDui surusa-banoYing Da woDai tazuniBie norikuesutowoFa Xing dekiru.

HTTPdeha8tsunomesotsudogaDing Yi sareteiru. tadashi, Shi Ji noHTTPTong Xin dehaGETtoPOSTmesotsudogaDa Bu Fen woZhan meru.

HTTPmesotsudonoYi Lan

mesotsudo	HTTP/0.9	HTTP/1.0	HTTP/1.1
GET	*	*	*
POST		*	*
PUT		^	*
HEAD		*	*
DELETE		^	*
OPTIONS			*
TRACE			*
CONNECT			*

GET

Zhi Ding saretaURInoriso-suwoQu riChu su. HTTPnoZui moJi Ben De naDong Zuo de, HTTP/0.9dehaWei Yi nomesotsudo.

POST

-[POST (HTTP)(Ying Yu Ban )] moCan Zhao

GETtohaFan Dui nikuraiantogasa-banide-tawoSong Xin suru. Webhuo-muyaDian Zi Jie Shi Ban henoTou Gao nadodeShi Yong sareru. GETnoChang He toTong ziku, sa-bahakuraiantonide-tawoFan sukotogadekiru.

PUT

Zhi Ding shitaURIniriso-suwoBao Cun suru. URIgaZhi shiShi suriso-sugaCun Zai shinaiChang He ha, sa-bahasonoURIniriso-suwoZuo Cheng suru. Hua Xiang noatsupuro-donadogaDai Biao De .

DELETE

Zhi Ding shitaURInoriso-suwoXue Chu suru.

OPTIONS

sa-bawoDiao Cha suru. Li eba, sa-bagasapo-toshiteiruHTTPba-ziyonnadowoZhi rukotogadekiru.

HEAD

GETtoSi teiruga, sa-bahaHTTPhetsudanomiFan su. kuraiantohaWebpe-ziwoQu De sezutomosonoWebpe-zigaCun Zai surukadoukawoZhi rukotogadekiru. Li ebaWebpe-zinorinkuXian gaSheng kiteiruka, de-tawoQuan teQu De surukotonakuJian Zheng surukotogadekiru.

TRACE

sa-bamadenonetsutowa-kuJing Lu wochietsukusuru. sa-bahaShou keQu tsutametsuse-zinosoreZi Ti woresuponsunode-tanikopi-shiteYing Da suru. WindowsnoTracertyaUNIXnoTraceroutetoyokuSi taDong Zuo .

CONNECT

TCPtonneruwoJie Sok suru. An Hao Hua shitametsuse-ziwopurokishisa-bawoJing You shiteZhuan Song suruJi niYong iru. Dang Chu , netsutosuke-pukomiyunike-shiyonzuniyotsuteKao An saretamonogaIETFdorahutoTunneling TCP based protocols through Web proxy serverstoshiteGong Kai sare^[9], RFC 2817 niQu riIp mareta. sonoHou , RFC 7230 deDing Yi gaGeng Xin sareteiru^[10].

HTTPnoShi Yang Yi Wai deDing Yi shiteirumesotsudoha, IANAnoHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Method Registry^[11]deGuan Li sareteiru. WebDavdeShi Yong surumonoya, RFC 5789 noPATCHmesotsudo(Ying Yu Ban )nadogaaru.

1tsunosa-ba-deFu Shu nohosutoMing niDui suruHTTPrikuesutowoShou keFu keruJi Neng dearu.

inta-netsutoRen Qi niBan iDuo kunoQi Ye gaWebsaitowoChi chiShi metaga, Dang Shi hamadamadaQi Ye gaZi Qian noWebsa-bawoYun Yong surunohaRen Yuan , Xiao Lu noWen Ti deNan shiku, ISPnosa-badehosuteinguwoshiteita. mata, 1She gotoniZhuan Yong sa-bawoYong Yi suruhodonokotodemonaitame, 1Tai nosa-badeFu Shu noWebsaitowoYun Yong shiteita.

shikashi, IPadoresunomideXiang Shou woTe Ding suruHTTP/1.0hakoreniDui Ying dekinakatsuta. Li eba, aru1Tai nosa-bani foo.example.com to bar.example.com toiu2tsunoJia Xiang Websa-bagaari, kuraiantoha http://foo.example.com/index.html niakusesushitaitosuru. konoChang He haDNSsa-bani foo.example.com noIPadoresuwoWen iHe wase, Ci nisonoIPadoresuwoShi tsuteGai Dang sa-baniakusesushi, GET index.html woYao Qiu surukotoninaru. shikashiTong zisa-baShang niaru bar.example.commoIPadoresuhaTong zideari, moshiLiang Fang noJia Xiang sa-bani index.html toiuhuairugaCun Zai sureba, kuraiantogadochiraniakusesushiyoutoshiteirunoka, Pan Bie dekinai.

Dui Ce toshitehasorezoreniIPadoresuwoFu Yu suruFang Fa moaruga, IPv4noZi Yuan woWu Tuo nisurukotoninaru. konoWen Ti woJie Jue surutame, HTTP/1.1deHosthetsuda-hui-rudogaZhui Jia sare, Ming Qian be-suba-chiyaruhosutogaYong irareruyouninatsuta.

Ming Qian be-suba-chiyaruhosutonotame, Yi Xia noyouniHTTPrikuesutodehosutoMing woZhi Ding suru.

• HTTP/1.1: Hosthetsuda-hui-rudodehosutoMing woZhi Ding suru.
• HTTP/2oyobiHTTP/3: :authorityYi Si hetsuda-hui-rudodehosutoMing woZhi Ding suru.

Bie noURIniDui shiteZai Du nomesotsudoShi Xing woYao Qiu suruJi Neng dearu. 301 Movedya303 See OthernadonoridairekutowoZhi Shi surusute-tasuko-dotoURIwoShou keQu ri, kuraiantohakonoURIniZai Du mesotsudowoShi Xing suru.

rikuesutotoresuponsudeyariQu risarerude-taha, HTTPmetsuse-zitoHu bareru. kuraiantokararikuesutoHTTPmetsuse-ziwoSong ri, sa-ba-kararesuponsuHTTPmetsuse-ziwoFan su.

HTTPmetsuse-zihaYi Xia deGou Cheng sareru^[12].

• kontoro-rude-ta
• hetsuda-
• kontento
• toreira-

naoHTTP/1.1deha, kontoro-rude-taworikuesutoXing *sute-tasuXing toshiteBiao Xian shi, kontentowoGe Na suruBu Fen wometsuse-zibodeimatahaDan nibodeitoHu bu.

hetsuda-*kontento*toreira-haKong tonaruChang He moaru.

Xia nimotsutomoDan Chun nakuraiantotosa-ba(www.google.co.jp:80)tonoyariQu rinoLi woJu geru.

kuraiantonorikuesuto:

konoLi deha, rikuesutoXing tohetsuda-nihui-rudoga1Xiang Mu arunomide, bodeihaKong detore-ra-moWu i. rikuesutoXing hamesotsudo, rikuesutota-getsuto, HTTPba-ziyonno3tsunoYao Su karaGou Cheng sare, sorezoresupe-sudeQu Qie rareru. mesotsudohaGET, rikuesutota-getsutoha[/] , HTTPba-ziyonha1.1dearu.

GEThariso-suwoQu De surutamenomesotsudodeari, rikuesutota-getsutono[/] haURInopasuBu Fen deatsuteru-toriso-suwoDui Xiang nishitarikuesutodearukotowoShi shiteiru.

sa-banoresuponsu:

Xian Tou nosute-tasuXing haHTTPba-ziyon, sute-tasuko-do, sute-tasumetsuse-zikaraGou Cheng sareru. sute-tasuko-dono[200] haChu Li noCheng Gong woBiao shi, korewoBu Zu surumetsuse-ziga[OK] dearu.

2Xing Mu Yi Jiang nihetsudahui-rudogaSok ku. saraniKong Xing woXie nde, resuponsubodeitonaru. konoresuponsunimotore-ra-haWu i.

hetsudanoGe Yao Su ha

hui-rudoMing : Nei Rong

nopeadeGou Cheng sareru.

burauzanoQing Bao woBiao suUser-Agent, Shi Yong Hou Bu Yan Yu woBiao suAccept-Language, Ta pe-zihenorinkuwoChan tsutaChang He nisonorinkuYuan pe-zinoURLwoBiao suReferernadogaDai Biao De nahui-rudodearu.

nao, rikuesutoShi noHosthetsudahaHTTP/1.1dehaBi Xu dearuga, HTTP/1.0dehanakutemoyoi. tadashi, sa-bagaba-chiyaruhosutowoLi Yong shiteiruChang He ha, Hosthetsudaganaitoriso-suQu De niShi Bai surunode, tatoeHTTP/1.0woShi Yong shiteitemoHosthetsudawoFu Jia shinakerebanaranai.

rikuesutohetsuda

hetsuda	Gai Yao	HTTP/0.9	HTTP/1.0	HTTP/1.1
Accept	kuraiantonoShou keRu reKe Neng kontentsutaipuwoShi su		*	*
Accept-Charset	kuraiantonoShou keRu reKe Neng Wen Zi setsutowoShi su		*	*
Accept-Encoding	kuraiantonoShou keRu reKe Neng Wen Zi enko-deinguwoShi su		*	*
Accept-Language	kuraiantonoShou keRu reKe Neng Yan Yu woShi su		*	*
Authorization	kuraiantonoRen Zheng Qing Bao woShi su		*	*
Cookie	kuraiantonoZhuang Tai Guan Li Qing Bao wosa-baniFan su
Cookie2	HTTP/1.1noSet-Cookie2hetsudanoShou keRu reKe Neng wosa-baniZhi raseru
Expect	kuraiantogasa-baniQi Dai suruDong Zuo woShi su			*
From	rikuesutoFa Xing Zhe Ge Ren noQing Bao woShi su. Yi Ban De niDian Zi me-ruadoresuwoShi Yong suru		*	*
Host	Yao Qiu shiteiruobuziekutogaaruhosutowoShi su			*
If-Match	ifWen woYong iTiao Jian gaZhen noChang He nomirikuesutowoChu Li suruyousa-baniYao Qiu suru			*
If-None-Match	If-MatchnoNi deTiao Jian gaZhen denaiChang He nomirikuesutowoChu Li suruYao Qiu			*
If-Range	Tiao Jian gaZhen noChang He nomiZhi Ding shitaobuziekutonoFan Wei woFan suyousa-baniYao Qiu suru			*
If-Modified-Since	Zhi Ding Ri Shi Yi Jiang niobuziekutogaBian Geng sareteiruChang He nomirikuesutowoChu Li suruyouYao Qiu suru		*	*
If-Unmodified-Since	If-Modified-SincenoNi deZhen denaitokinomiShi Xing suru			*
Max-Forwards	rikuesutonoZhong Jian shisutemuJing You Shu woZui Da ikutsumadekawoZhi Ding suru			*
Proxy-Authorization	kuraiantogapurokishisa-baniDui shiteZi Shen noRen Zheng woXing u			*
Range	obuziekutoQuan Ti denakuriso-sunoYi Bu woYao Qiu suru			*
Referer	rikuesutonoChu Suo woShi su. Yi Ban De nihayu-zanoChan tsutaWebpe-zinoURLgaYong irareru		*	*
TE	resuponsunoShou keRu reKe Neng Zhuan Song enko-deinguwoShi su			*
User-Agent	kuraiantonoWebburauzanadonoQing Bao woShi su		*	*

resuponsuhetsuda

hetsuda	Gai Yao	HTTP/0.9	HTTP/1.0	HTTP/1.1
Accept-Ranges	obuziekutonoYi Bu niDui sururikuesutowosa-bagaShou keRu reKe Neng kaShi su			*
Age	obuziekutonoJing Guo Shi Jian woMiao Dan Wei deFan su			*
ETag	obuziekutonoenteiteitaguZhi woShi su			*
Location	obuziekutonoChang Suo woShi su		*	*
Proxy-Authenticate	purokishisa-bagakuraiantoniRen Zheng woYao Qiu surutokiniYong iru			*
Retry-After	rikuesutonoZai Shi Xing woitsuXing ukawokuraiantoniTong Zhi suru		*	*
Server	sa-banobenda-Ming , ba-ziyonFan Hao woShi su		*	*
Set-Cookie2	sa-bagakuraiantoniCookiewoSong Xin surutokiniYong iru
Vary	sa-bagaresuponsuNei Rong woJue Ding suruJi nirikuesutoURIYi Wai niYong itahetsudanorisutowoShi su			*
WWW-Authenticate	kuraiantoniDui shiterikuesutonoZai Fa Xing woYao Qiu suru. Ren Zheng Qing Bao moHan mareru		*	*

Yi Ban hetsuda

hetsuda	Gai Yao	HTTP/0.9	HTTP/1.0	HTTP/1.1
Cache-Control	metsuse-zinoJing You suruZhong Jian kiyatsushiyunoDong Zuo woZhi Shi suru			*
Connection	Dang Gai noJie Sok niDui suruopushiyonwoZhi Shi suru			*
Date	metsuse-zinoZuo Cheng Ri Shi woShi su		*	*
Pragma	metsuse-ziniGuan suruZhui Jia Qing Bao woShi su		*	*
Trailer	metsuse-zibodeinoHou niZhui Jia nohetsuda-gaBiao rerukotowoShi su			*
Transfer-Encoding	kuraiantonoZhuan Song woMu De toshitaobuziekutonoenko-deinguwoShi su			*
Upgrade	Tong Xin Xiang Shou niBie nopurotokoruniatsupude-tosuruyouYao Qiu suru			*
Via	purokishisa-banadoZhong Ji Di Dian woShi su.			*
Warning	metsuse-ziniGuan suruZhui Jia Qing Bao woShi su. Tong Chang hakiyatsushiyunoWen Ti woJing Gao surutokiniShi wareru			*

enteiteihetsuda

hetsuda	Gai Yao	HTTP/0.9	HTTP/1.0	HTTP/1.1
Allow	obuziekutogasapo-tosuruHTTPmesotsudowoShi su		*	*
Content-Encoding	obuziekutonoenko-deinguwoShi su		*	*
Content-Language	obuziekutonoYan Yu (Ren Jian noYan Yu )woShi su		*	*
Content-Length	obuziekutonosaizuwobaitoDan Wei deShi su		*	*
Content-Location	obuziekutonoChang Suo woShi su			*
Content-MD5	obuziekutonometsuse-zidaiziesutowoYun bu			^
Content-Range	metsuse-zibodeideYun bareruobuziekutonoFan Wei woShi su			*
Content-Type	obuziekutonotaipuwoShi su		*	*
Expires	obuziekutonoYou Xiao Qi Xian noRi Shi woShi su		*	*
Last-Modified	obuziekutogaZui Hou niBian Geng saretaRi Shi woShi su		*	*

Accept

sa-banoresuponsuniHan marerumetsuse-zibodeideShou keRu rerukotogaChu Lai rukontentsutaiputoGe kontentsutaipunoXiang Dui De naYou Xian Du woZhi Ding sururikuesutohetsuda. Zhi Ding dekirukontentsutaipuhaIANAniyotsuteDing Yi sareteiru.

Shang Ji noyouniAccepthetsudanihaXing wowaketeFu Shu nokontentsutaipuwoZhi Ding dekiru. Shang Ji noLi haizureno4nokontentsutaipunoizuremoShou keRu reKe Neng dearukotowoShi su. 0.5ya0.8toitsutaShu Zi haPin Zhi Xi Shu de0~ 1noFan Wei noShu Zhi dearu. Shu Zhi noZhi Ding ganakereba1.0tonaru.

• text/plain; q=0.5
• text/html
• text/x-dvi; q=0.8
• text/x-c

Accept-Charset

resuponsudeFan sarerumetsuse-zibodeinoWen Zi ko-dowoZhi Ding sururikuesutohetsuda. AccepttoTong zikuFu Shu Zhi Ding dekiPin Zhi Xi Shu moShe Ding dekiru. Ding Yi Ji miWen Zi setsutohaIANAgaGuan Li shiteiru.

Accept-Charset: UTF-8, *; q=0.8

konoLi datokuraiantohaUTF-8woYou Xian De niXi Wang shiteirugaTa noWen Zi setsutotonoXiang Dui You Xian Du 0.8deShou keRu reteiru. tadashisa-bakaranoresuponsunoHTTPhetsudasonomononoWen Zi ko-dohaChang niISO-8859-1dearu.

Accept-Encoding

kuraiantogaShou Xin dekirumetsuse-zibodeinoenko-deinguwoZhi Ding suru.

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

konoLi dehakuraiantohagzip, matahazlibhuo-matsutoniDui Ying shiteiru. tadashiBi zushimokokodeZhi Ding saretaenko-deingudemetsuse-zibodeigaFan tsutekurutohaXian ranai.

Accept-EncodingdeZhi Ding Ke Neng naenko-deinguha, IANAgaHTTP Content Coding RegistrytoshiteGuan Li sareteiru^[13].

Accept-Language

resuponsunoYan Yu (Ren Jian noYan Yu )niDui suruYou Xian Du woZhi Ding suru. Yan Yu noZhi Ding nihaIETFYan Yu taguwoYong iru. Shu kiFang haTa noAccept-Qun toBian warazu.

Accept-Language: en-gb, en; q=0.8

Shang Ji noLi hamazuigirisuYing Yu woYao Qiu shi, Li Yong dekinaiChang He hasonoTa noYing Yu woYao Qiu suru.

Accept-Ranges

AcceptdeShi maruTa nohetsudahui-rudotoWei iresuponsuhetsudadearu. Xian Zai noShi Yang deha2tsunoZhi Ding Fang Fa shikanai.

Age

riso-sunoTui Ding Jing Guo Shi Jian woBiao Shi sururesuponsuhetsuda. kiyatsushiyusa-ba-haAgehetsudanoZhi karakiyatsushiyushitariso-sugaYou Xiao kadoukawoPan Ding suru.

Allow

Authentication-info

yu-zaRen Zheng noyaritorinoZui Hou deYong irareru, Cheng Gong shitaresuponsunosa-bagaHan merukotonoChu Lai ruresuponsuhetsuda.

Authorization

sa-baniDui surukuraiantoZi Shen noRen Zheng woXing ukotogaChu Lai ru.

Cache-Control

kiyatsushingunoDong Zuo woZhi Ding surutamenomasuta-hetsuda.

Connection

Jie Sok niDui suruopushiyonwoZhi Ding suru. sonoZhi nihaYi Xia gaShi Yong sareru.

keep-alive

Chi Sok De Jie Sok woXing u.

close

Chi Sok De Jie Sok woXing wanai.

upgrade

Ta nopurotokoruhenoatsupugure-dowoXi Wang suru.

Content-Encoding

Content-Language

riso-sunoBiao Xian niYong irareruYan Yu noMing Shi niShi wareru. Yan Yu noZhi Ding haAccept-LanguagehetsudatoTong zi.

Content-Length

Content-Location

Content-MD5

metsuse-zibodeigaBian Geng sarezuWan Xian niJie itakotonoBao Zheng niYong iru. MD5niyoruhatsushiyuZhi wohetsuda-Zhi niJi Zai suru. tadashiE Yi noGai zanniDui shitehaDang Ran MD5moGai zansarerunodeamariJi Neng hashinai. dochirakatoiebaOu Fa De naBian Hua gaSheng ziteinaikotonoBao Zheng woshiteiru^[14]. RFC 7231deFei Zhi sareta^[15].

Content-Range

daunro-donoZai Kai niYong irareru.

Content-Type

metsuse-zibodeiniHan mareruobuziekutotaipuwoShi su. Ci noLi hariso-sugatekisutohuairu, Wen Zi setsutohaISO-8859-4woShi Yong shiteirukotowoShi shiteiru.

Content-Type: text/plain; Charset=ISO-8859-4

Cookie

-Xiang Xi ha[HTTP cookie] woCan Zhao

kuraiantogaHTTPZhuang Tai Guan Li woWang muChang He nisa-bakaraShou keQu tsutakutsuki-woYi Hou norikuesutoniCi noLi noyounahetsudawoFu Jia suru.

Cookie: $Version="1"; NAME="VALUE";
$Path="/shopping"; $domain="www.shop.com"+
$Port="80"

$VersionhaHTTPnoba-ziyon, NAMEhakutsuki-noMing Qian dearu. $karaShi marukutsuki-Ming haShi Yong gaJin Zhi sareteiru.

Cookie2

Ji Ben De niCookiehetsudatoCookie2hetsudahaBie Wu dearu.

Date

sa-bagametsuse-ziwoSheng Cheng shitaRi Shi woShi su. riso-sunoGeng Xin Ri Shi woShi suLast-ModifiedhetsudatohaBie dearu.

HTTP/1.1dehaCi noyounaXing Shi woYong iru. korehaRFC 7231no7.1.1.1. Date/Time FormatsdeDing Yi sareteiru. HTTP/1.1noYi Qian noBan dearuRFC 2616deha, Ri Shi noXing Shi noDing Yi niRFC 1123woCan Zhao shiteita(Nei Rong haTong Deng dearu).

Date: Sun, 06, Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT

HTTPShi Yang deharesuponsuniDatehetsudawoHan merukotowoQiu meteiru. tadashiresuponsunosute-tasugasa-baera-noChang He nihaDatehetsudahaFan ranai.

ETag

Zhu nikiyatsushingunopahuo-mansuwoXiang Shang suruMu De deShi wareru.

Expect

sa-baniDui shiteTe Ding noDong Zuo noQi Dai woZhi raseru. Yong Tu toshitehakuraiantogasa-baniDui shite100 Continuesute-tasuwoFan sukotowoQi Dai suruChang He niShi wareru.

Expect: 100-continue

sa-bagaQi Dai niYing zirarenaiChang He ha417 Expectation FailedwoFan su. kuraiantogaikutsukanopurokishiJing You deTong Xin shiteiruChang He , Ge purokishisa-bahaExpecthetsudanoYi Qie noXiu Zheng woXu sarenai.

Expires

obuziekutonoYou Xiao Qi Xian woShi su. konohetsudadeZhi Ding saretaRi Shi madekiyatsushiyuharesuponsunokopi-woBao Chi shi, rikuesutoniDui sururesuponsutoshiteFan sukotogadekiru. sa-bagaobuziekutonokiyatsushiyuwoWang manaiChang He nihaExpireshetsudaniGuo Qu noRi Shi woShe Ding surukotogaDuo i. Shi Yang deha1Nian Yi Shang Xian noRi Shi haShe Ding dekinai.

Expires: Thu, 28 Aug 2010 16:00:00 GMT

Cache-Controlhetsudanomax-agedeirekuteibuhaExpireshetsudayoriYou Xian sarerutameZhu Yi gaBi Yao dearu.

From

rikuesutowoFa Xing shitayu-zawoTe Ding surukotogaChu Lai ru. 1990Nian Dai dehaDian Zi me-ruadoresuwoShe Ding surukotogaDuo katsutaga, Mi Huo me-runoWen Ti moariXian Zai dehaDai doShi wareteinai.

From: user@example.com

Host

Zhu nirentarusa-banosapo-towoMu De toshiteHTTP/1.1deDao Ru sareta. Xian Zai dehaHosthetsudawoLi Yong dekinaiChang He , rentarusa-banoWebsaitotomatomonaTong Xin gadekinaitoYan tsuteyoi(Xiang Xi haHTTP#Li Shi woCan Zhao ).

If-Match

ETaggaYi Zhi shitaChang He nomi, mesotsudowoShi Xing suruyounisa-baniYao Qiu suru. Li ebauikipedeiawoBian Ji suruJi , Ji Shi noso-suwoQu De shi, Shu kiHuan eruJi noJian niBie noyu-zagaJi niBian Ji shiteinaikawoPan Duan surutokinadoniYong irareru.

-[ifWen ] moCan Zhao

1. Li Yong Zhe :AgaHTTPnoJi Shi woQu De . ETagha1234.
2. Li Yong Zhe :BgaHTTPnoJi Shi woQu De . ETagha1234.
3. Li Yong Zhe :AgaHTTPnoETagwoZai Du Qu De . Xian hodoQu De shitaETag: 1234toXian Zai noETag: 1234gaYi Zhi .
4. Li Yong Zhe :AgaHTTPnoJi Shi woBian Ji . ETagha1256ninaru.
5. Li Yong Zhe :BgaHTTPnoETagwoZai Du Qu De . Xian hodoQu De shitaETagtoXian Zai noETaghamatsuchisezu.
6. sa-bahaLi Yong Zhe :BnoShu kiIp miwoJu Fou .

If-Modified-Since

Zhi Ding Ri Shi Yi Jiang niobuziekutogaBian Geng sareteiruChang He nomi, mesotsudowoShi Xing suruyounisa-baniYao Qiu suru. Tong Xin Liang noXue Jian niXiao Guo gaaru.

If-None-Match

If-MatchnoNi de, ETaggaYi Zhi shinaiChang He nominoShi Xing woYao Qiu suru.

If-Range

kuraiantogakiyatsushiyuniobuziekutonoYi Bu Fen woChi tsuteiruChang He nipahuo-mansuwoXiang Shang dekiru.

If-Unmodified-Since

If-Modified-SincenoNi de, Zhi Ding Shi Ke Yi Jiang niBian Geng ganaiChang He nominoShi Xing woYao Qiu suru.

Last-Modified

resuponsudeobuziekutonoZui Zhong Geng Xin Ri Shi woShi su. rikuesutoShi noIf-Modified-SincehetsudatoZu miHe waserukotode, Xiao Lu De naTong Xin gaKe Neng ninaru.

Location

sa-bagakuraiantoniridairekutoXian URLwoZhi raseruJi niYong irareru. Yi Ban De nisute-tasuko-doga3xxDai noresuponsutoGong niShi wareruga201 CreatednoresuponsudemoShi ukotogadekiru. Content-LocationhetsudatoMing Qian gaSi teirugaQuan kuGuan Xi nonaiBie nohetsudadearutameZhu Yi .

Max-Forwards

purokishisa-banadowoJing You suruJi noZui Da hotsupuShu woZhi Ding suru. Er Zhong ru-punadodesa-bakaraYing Da gaDe rarenaiChang He noWen Ti Jie Jue noJi , OPTIONmesotsudoyaTRACEmesotsudotoGong niYong irareru.

sute-tasuko-dohasa-bakaranoresuponsude, rikuesutonoJie Guo woTong Zhi suru. 3Hang noShu Zi karaCheng ri, oomakanaFen Lei toshite, 1xxha[Qing Bao ] , 2xxha[Cheng Gong ] , 3xxha[ridairekuto] , 4xxha[kuraiantoera-] , 5xxha[sa-baera-] woShi su.

ikutsukanoGuan Dian desekiyuriteiniGuan suruZhui Jia Ji Neng gaCun Zai suru.

sekiyuanaTong Xin Lu deHTTPTong Xin woXing ukotowoTong Chang HTTPStoYan u.

HTTPnoZhong deRen Zheng woXing uShi Zu migaYong Yi sareteiru.

HTTP/1.1deDing Yi sareteiruZui moDan Chun nasekiyuriteiJi Shu dearu. [Ji Ben Ren Zheng woYong irukurainarananimoShi wanaiFang gamashi] toZhu Zhang suruRen moiru^[16]. Ping Wen deRen Zheng Qing Bao woSong Xin suruShi Zu midearutame, TLS (HTTPS)nadoAn Quan woQue Bao shitaTong Xin Lu denoLi Yong gaWang mashii. Tong Chang sa-bahasute-tasuko-do401deYing Da suru.

HTTPhaIETFwoShi metoshitaBiao Zhun Hua Tuan Ti niyoriGui Ge Hua sareteiru. Yi Xia hasonoYi Bu dearu.

	semanteikusu	kiyatsushiyu	Shou Sok ki
HTTP/1.1	RFC 9110	RFC 9111	RFC 9112
HTTP/2			RFC 9113
HTTP/3			RFC 9114

Li Shi De nihaGe ba-ziyongaDu Li shiteGui Ge Hua saretekita. shikashiXian Xing no3ba-ziyon(v1.1, v2, v3)gaGong Tong nosemanteikusuwoWei Chi shiteitakotokara, korewoDu Li shitaGui Ge tosuruHuo Dong gaTui Jin sareXian Zai noXing ninatsuteiru^[17].

HTTPSnohoka, Yi Xia noyounaHTTPnosemanteikusuwoLi Yong surupurotokoru, HTTPnoGou Wen woYuan tosurupurotokorunadogaCun Zai suru. Yi Xia hasonoYi Li dearu.

• WebDAV: HTTPShang dehuairuZhuan Song woShi Xian surupurotokoru.
• WebSocket: Shuang Fang Xiang Tong Xin purotokoru.
• Internet Printing Protocol (IPP): purintanoZhi Yu toYin Shua de-tanoChuan Song woXing upurotokoru.
• UPnPdeha, HTTPwoUDPShang deShi Yong suruHTTPUya, maruchikiyasutodeShi Yong suruHTTPMUgaGui Ding sareta.
• Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP): eipuriruhu-runoziyo-ku. ko-hi-potsutonoZhi Yu Ji Neng woYou surupurotokoru.

nao, konoyounaHTTPnoLi Yong niGuan suruWen Shu toshite RFC 9205 Building Protocols with HTTP (BCP 56)gaCun Zai suru.

• HTTP/2
• HTTPsute-tasuko-do
• FTP
• WebDAV
• Websa-ba
• uebuburauza
• apurike-shiyonsa-ba
• Representational State Transfer (REST)
• HTTPhetsuda*inziekushiyon
• Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol
• ba-chiyaruhosuto

• {HTTP} - kotobanku
• HTTP - ITYong Yu Ci Dian e-Words

[https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HTTP&oldid=107517632] karaQu De

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