ldlg ltvKHn

sTybn pynkr

mtvKH vykypdyh, hAnTSyklvpdyh hHvpSHyt
sTybn pynkr
Steven Pinker
sTybn pynkr, 2011
sTybn pynkr, 2011
lydh 18 bspTmbr 1954 (bn 71)
mvnTryAvl, kndh
mdynh kndh, ArTSvt hbryt
mkvm mgvrym bvsTvn
`np md`y psyKHvlvgyh AbvlvTSyvnyt, psyKHvblSHnvt
hSHKHlh
mnHh ldvkTvrT sTybn kvslyn
tArym dvkTvrT
tlmydy dvkTvrT g's hAry grvpn, myykl tvmAs Avlmn, Ann Senghas, Jennifer B. Ganger, gAry mrkvs, myykl g'. TAr, Karin J. Stromswold, kyyl kyyb, Jaemin Rhee
hSHkph dtyt AtAyzm
bn Av bt zvg

Nancy Etcoff (1980-1992 (KH-12 SHnym))

  • Ilavenil Subbiah (1995-2006 (KH-11 SHnym))
  • rbkh gvldsTyyn (m-2007)
prsym vhvkrh
  • APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology (1984)
  • prs hmlKH hvA `yrvm (2017)
  • prs `myty vylyAm g'yyms (2016)
  • prs krl syygn lhbnh TSybvryt SHl hmd` (2018)
  • `myt hvv`dh lmHkr skpTy
  • `myt Agvdt hmd`ym hkvgnyTybyym
  • prs kysTlr
  • prs ryTS'rd dvkyns (2013)
  • hprs lsprvt `"SH vvlTr p. kysTlr (2005)
  • Boyd McCandless Award (1986)
  • hvmnysT hSHnh (2006)
  • prs mHkr Trvlnd (1993)
  • prs hmlKH hvA `yrvm (2004)
stevenpinker.com
trvmvt `ykryvt
sprym lkhl hrHb bnvSHAy SHph vpsyKHvlvgyh kvgnyTybyt

sTybn Artvr pynkr (bAnglyt: Steven Arthur Pinker; nvld b-18 bspTmbr 1954 bmvnTryAvl, kndh) hvA psyKHvlvg nysvyy yhvdy-kndy, prvpsvr lpsyKHvlvgyh bAvnybrsyTt hrvvArd, mvmHh bmd`y hkvgnyTSyh, vmHbr spry md` pvpvlry. ydv` btmyKHtv bpsyKHvlvgyh hAbvlvTSyvnyt vbgySHh HySHvbyt lyKHvlvt SHKHlyvt.

tHvmy hhtmHvt hAkdmyym SHl pynkr hm kvgnyTSyh Hzvtyt vhtptHvt hSHph ATSl yldym. hvA ydv` KHmpyTS hr`yvn SHhSHph hyA "AynsTynkT", Av tKHvnh byvlvgyt SHnvTSrh `l ydy bryrh Tb`yt. r`yvn zh nvb` mtvrtv SHl hblSHn nv`m Hvmsky, Abl gySHtv SHl pynkr SHmh dgSH rb yvtr `l hSHvrSHym hAbvlvTSyvnyym SHl hyKHvlt hlSHvnyt. pynkr hvA KHvtb pvrh SHl md` pvpvlry vspryv zKHv bprsym rbym vhyv byn rby-hmKHr SHl "hnyv yvrk Tyyms".

kvrvt Hyyv

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prk zh T`vn `dKHvn. AnA trmv lvvykypdyh v`zrv l`dKHn Avtv. hsybh hyA hprk m`vdKHn lSHnt 2008.

Hyyv hmkTSv`yym

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pynkr nvld bmvnTryAvl vsyym At lymvdyv bmKHllt dvsvn bSHnt 1973. hvA kybl tvAr rASHvn bpsyKHvlvgyh nysvyyt bAvnybrsyTt mkgyl bSHnt 1976, vdvkTvrT bAvtv tHvm, bAvnybrsyTt hrvvArd bSHnt 1979. hvA `sk bmSHKH SHnh bmHkr bmKHvn hTKHnvlvgy SHl msTS'vsTs (MIT). Az hyh lHbr sgl bAvnybrsyTt hrvvArd vlAHr mKHn bAvnybrsyTt sTnpvrd. m-1982 `d 2003, pynkr lymd bmHlkh lmvH vmd`ym kvgnyTybyym b-MIT, lm`T SHnt SHbtvn AHt (1995-6) SH`SHh bAvnybrsyTt klypvrnyh bsnTh brbrh. hvA hyh lrASH hmrKHz lmd`y-h`TSb hkvgnyTybyym. nKHvn lSHnt 2008, hvA prvpsvr lpsyKHvlvgyh bhrvvArd, mHzyk hktdrh `l SHm mSHpHt g'vsTvn.

pynkr hyh AHd m-100 hAnSHym hmSHpy`ym byvtr b`vlm SHl hmgzyn "Tyym" bSHnt 2004, vAHd m-100 hAynTlkTvAlym hmvbylym SHl hmgzynym "prvspkT" v"mdynyvt HvTS" bSHnt 2005. hvA kybl tvAry dvkTvr lSHm KHbvd mAvnybrsyTt mkgyl bkndh, mhAvnybrsyTAvt SHl nyvkAsl vsry bbryTnyh, mAvnybrsyTt Trmvsv bnvrvvgyh, vKHn mAvnybrsyTt tl Abyb. hvA hyh p`myym, bSHnym 1998 v-2003, byn hmv`mdym hsvpyym lprs pvlyTSr.

bHvdSH ynvAr 2005, pynkr hgn `l lvrns sAmrs, nSHyA AvnybrsyTt hrvvArd, SHh`rvtyv `l hp`r hmgdry bmtmTykh vmd`ym hKH`ysv rbym mHbry mhsgl bh.

b-13 bmAy 2006, kybl pynkr At prs hvmnysT hSHnh SHl hAgvdh hhvmnysTyt hAmrykAyt `l trvmtv lhbnh hTSybvryt SHl hAbvlvTSyh hAnvSHyt.

Hyyv hAySHyym

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pynkr hvA bn hkhylh hyhvdyt dvbrt hAnglyt bmvnTryAvl. Abyv, `vrKH dyn bhKHSHrtv, `bd KHsvKHn nsy`vt. Amv hyyth btHylh `krt-byt, vAHry KHn yv`TSt HynvKHyt vsgnyt-mnhl byt spr tyKHvn. ySH lv SHny AHym TS`yrym. AHyv hvA mntH mdynyvt bmmSHlt kndh. AHvtv, svzn pynkr, hyA psyKHvlvgyt HynvKHyt vmHbrt hspr "hprdvks hmyny". pynkr nSHvy bSHlySHyt lrbkh gvldsTyyn, svprt vprvpsvr lpylvsvpyh. Ayn lv yldym.

pynkr hvA AtAysT ydv`. ldbryv, "m`vlm lA hyyty dty bmvbn htAvlvgy... m`vlm lA Hzrty by mbHyrty bAtAyzm bgyl 13, Abl bzmnym msvymym hyyty yhvdy bmvbn htrbvty". KHn`r, hvA hHSHyb At `TSmv lAnrKHysT, `d SHhyh `d lmhvmvt SHht`vrrv b`kbvt SHbytt hmSHTrh bSHnt 1969.

hgvtv hmd`yt

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tAvryvt SHl hSHph vhnpSH

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`bvdvtyv hmpvrsmvt SHl pynkr `vskvt bSHAlh AyKH yldym rvKHSHym SHph. At h`bvdvt hAlh, vAt `bvdtv SHl nv`m Hvmsky `l mvldvt hSHph, prsm lkhl hrHb bsprv mSHnt 1994 AynsTynkT hSHph (The Language Instinct). pynkr hTSy` SHkyym rKHyb mnTly SHAHrAy `l hSHph vSHhtptH bAvpn AbvlvTSyvny, r`yvn SHnvtr SHnvy bmHlvkt. b"AynsTynkT hSHph", Tv`n pynkr SHbny hAdm nvldym `m yKHvlt lSHvnyt mvldt. bnvsp, hvA mTSyg bTSvrh Hyvbyt At hT`nh SHbKHl hSHpvt hAnvSHyvt ySH rAyvt ldkdvk Avnybrsly. pynkr gm Tv`n SHyKHvlvt mnTlyvt rbvt nvspvt SHl bny Adm nvTSrv bTSvrh AbvlvTSyvnyt (vbKHKH hvA bn-brytm SHl dnyAl dnT vryTS'rd dvkyns bvvyKHvHym rbym `l AbvlvTSyh).

spryv SHl pynkr "KHyTSd pv`l hmvH" (How the Mind Works, 1997) v"hlvH hHlk" (The Blank Slate, 2002) SHyyKHym lmsvrt hpsyKHvlvgyh hAbvlvTSyvnyt, hrvAh bmvH "Avlr SHvvyyTSry" SHmTSvyd bm`rKH SHl KHlym yy`vdyym (Av mvdvlym) lhtmvddvt `m hb`yvt SHAytn htmvddv Aymvtynv vAbvtynv btkvpt hplysTvkn. pynkr vpsyKHvlvgym AbvlvTSyvnyym AHrym mAmynym SHKHlym Alh htptHv bAmTS`vt bryrh Tb`yt, KHmv Aybrym AHrym. HlvTSy htHvm SHl psyKHvlvgyh AbvlvTSyvnyt hyv AdvArd A' vylsvn, ldh kvsmyds (An') vg'vn Tvby (An'); AHd hmtngdym hbvlTym lgySHh zv hvA hblSHn g'pry smpsvn (An'), SHKHtb At hspr "lHnKH At Hvh: hvvyKHvH bdbr 'hAynsTynkT hlSHvny'". pynkr tvkp At hgySHh hrvAh btrbvt Av bHynvKH At Hzvt hKHvl, hvA sbvr KHy hAdm mvSHp` mSHylvb SHl gvrmy tvrSHh `m hybTym sbybtyym (trbvtyym, HynvKHyym vAHrym).

sprv SHl pynkr "hmlAKHym hTvbym SHl Tb`nv" (The Better Angels of Our Nature, 2011; Trm tvrgm l`bryt) bA ltt AySHvSH vlbAr tAvryh bdbr d`yKHh mtmSHKHt SHl SHymvSH bAlymvt pyzyt lAvrKH hhysTvryh. pynkr kybTS mAvt mHkrym btHvmy Alymvt SHvnym, hHl mm`SHy rTSH, drKH mlHmh v`nySHh pyzyt, vKHlh bhKHAt yldym, SHKHvlm mrAym mgmh bt Alpy SHnym SHl htmtnvt bSHymvSH bAlymvt, `m Hrygvt zmnyvt. pynkr mbAr zAt mtvKH hbntv lmny`y hAlymvt vmrsny hAlymvt `l py hpsyKHvlvgyh hAbvlvTSyvnyt, vnytvH hysTvry SHmTSby` `l msgrt h"lvvyytn" hhvbsyAny KHgvrm lh`dpt hmrsnym `l pny hgvrmym hm`vddym Alymvt.

bsprv "nAvrvt `KHSHyv" (Enlightenment Now, 2018) Tv`n pynkr SHmTSbv SHl hmyn hAnvSHy hvlKH vmSHtpr. bSHvnh mspryv hkvdmym, hvA mAmTS gySHh AvpTymyt, vmdgym b`zrt grpym vTblAvt At hSHypvr hdrmTy SHl hHyym SHbA lydy byTvy lmSHl bhy`lmvt mHlvt, byrydh bhykp hpSH`, b`lyyh brmt hhSHKHlh vbTSmTSvm Ay SHvvyvn byn nSHym lgbrym[1]

spryv b`bryt

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kySHvrym HyTSvnyym

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myzmy krn vykymdyh
TSyTvTym bvvykyTSyTvT: sTybn pynkr
tmvnvt vmdyh bvvykySHytvp: sTybn pynkr

h`rvt SHvlyym

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