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Jonathan Swift

On Vicipeid, an chiclipeid shaor.
Jonathan Swift

Beathaisneis
Breith30 Samhain 1667
Baile Atha Cliath (Rioghacht Eireann)
Bas19 Deireadh Fomhair 1745
77 bliana d'aois
Baile Atha Cliath (Rioghacht Eireann)
Ait adhlacthaArdeaglais Naomh Phadraig
Faisneis phearsanta
ReiligiunAnglacanachas
Scoil a d'fhreastail se/siColaiste na Trionoide, Baile Atha Cliath
Colaiste Hertford, Oxford
Cholaiste Cill Chainnigh
Ceim acaduilDochtuir Diadhachta
Ait chonaitheWhitehaven
Teanga dhuchaisBearla
Gniomhaiocht
Gairmfile, scribhneoir aisti, scribhneoir ficsean eolaiochta, iriseoir tuairime, scribhneoir prois, scribhneoir litriocht phaisti, pearsa phoibli, scribhneoir, paimfleadai, urscealai, sagart Anglacanach, aorthoir, gniomhai ar son chearta an duine, fealsamh, sagart
Treimhse amaGluin an 17u aois
Treimhse oibre1700 - 1745
Ball de phairti polaitiochtaPairti na dToraithe
SeanraAoir, pritcha (en) , aoir phoileimiciuil agus aiste
Ainm cleiteIsaac Bickerstaff
M. B. Drapier
Lemuel Gulliver
Simon Wagstaff
TeangachaBearla
Saothar
Saothar suntasach
Suiomh a chartlainne
Teaghlach
PairtiEsther Vanhomrigh
AthairJonathan Swift agus Abigail Erick
SiblinJane Swift
Croineolaiocht
breith iarbhais
Siniu

Scribhneoir agus duine daonnachtuil Angla-Eireannach ab ea Jonathan Swift (30 Samhain 1667 - 19 Deireadh Fomhair 1745), a scriobh aoir, aisti, paimfleid polaitiula (do na Fuigeanna ar dtus, agus ansin do na Toraithe) agus filiocht.[1]

Ba shagart Anglacanach a athair.

Tar eis a bhreithe i mBaile Atha Cliath i 1667, togadh Swift idir Eire agus Sasana.[2] Agus in aois se bliain do, d'fhreastail se ar cholaiste Chill Cheannaigh agus nios deanai ar Cholaiste na Trionoide. Bhi Swift munlaithe ag imeachtai a oige agus ag a thogail, mar a bhimid go leir, agus leirigh se laidreachtai agus castacht na feiniulachta Angla-Eireannai go hiomlan.[3]

Bhi se mar runai pearsanta do William Temple i Sasana o 1688-1692l. Bhain se maistreacht amach in Oxford (1694) agus fuair se post mar shagart de chuid Eaglais na hEireann i gCo. Aontroma. Ni raibh se sasta fanacht ann afach, agus sar i bhfad d'fhill se ar Temple go dti uair a bhais sa bhliain 1699.[2]

Nior fhan Swift i Sasana ro-fhada theis bas Temple; bhi naimhde a chothu aige lena scribhneoireacht polaitiochta. Chuir se faoi i mBaile Atha Troim, Co. na Mi, ach bheadh se sall is anall on Mhi go Sasana go rialta.

San am seo d'fhoilsigh se The Tale of a Tub agus The Battle of the Books. D'eirigh a scribhneoireacht nios polaitiula le linn an treimhse seo, agus ba mhor a chain se na Fuigeanna. Bhi se ag suil go mbeadh ceapachan eaglaise aige i Shasana, ach ni raibh an Banrion Aine ro-cheannuil air. Sa bhliain 1713, ceapadh Swift ina Dhean ar Ardeaglais Naomh Padraig, i mBaile Atha Cliath. Fuair a chairde an post do ach ach bhi dioma ar Swift ag an am.

Chas a chuid scribhneoireacht i dtaobh cuis na hEireann, Proposal for Universal Use of Irish Manufacture agus Drapier's Letters, rud nach raibh an rialtas roshasta faoi. Cuireadh i leith go raibh cuid da fhoilseachain cealgach, ach anois bhi cuma mar 'tirghrathoir' na hEireann air.

Thart ar an am seo, thosaigh se ag scriobh a mhor-shaothar Camchuairt Gulliver, a foilsiodh i 1726.

Thainig nealtru ar Swift agus d'eag 19 Deireadh Fomhair 1745 i mBaile Atha Cliath.

Ar an 19 Mean Fomhair 1757, d'oscail an t-ospideal siciatrach, Ospideal Naomh Padraig, le tiomnacht o Jonathan Swift.

Gaeilge agus cursai in Eirinn

[cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse]

Jonathan Swift a cheap go ndeanfadh diothu na Gaeilge nios sibhialta 'the most barbarous' againn.[4][5]

Bhi gorta sa tir i 1729, fagaim, an bhliain inar fhoilsigh Swift 'A Modest Proposal', leabhar inar mhol se cinedhiothu ar Eireannaigh bhochta. "He uses satire to put forward his own views....He put into words what everyone else was thinking.[6]" Ni tirghrathoir a bhi ann, ach fear a bhi glan in aghaidh shaiocht agus theanga na nGael.[7] "A barbarous culture," a thug se air. "He castigated the Irish poor, describing them as beggars, thieves and wife beaters in his sermons ...[7] Ach ag an am ceanna, thiomnaigh se an mhaoin lenar bunaiodh Ospideal Naomh Padraig i ndiaidh a bhais.

Jonathan Swift, le Thomas Pooley, 1682

Bhi an Dochtuir Patrick Delany, cara le Jonathan Swift, ar dhuine de na daoine a raibh aithne ag an file, Toirdhealbhach O Cearbhallain, orthu. Is mar gheall air sin a leagtar an t-amhran An Breathnach ar Chearbhallan, a bhaineann le hinion Swift, a phos 'an Maistir Walsh'.[8]

Swift le Rupert Barber, 1745, National Portrait Gallery, Londain

Cuimhnitear Swift mar an duine a scriobh na leabhair iomraiteacha seo a leanas:

  • Gulliver's Travels,
  • A Modest Proposal,
  • A Journal to Stella,
  • Drapier's Letters,
  • The Battle of the Books,
  • An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity agus
  • A Tale of a Tub.
feartlaoi, Ardeaglais Naomh Padraig, i mBaile Atha Cliath

"Is iontach an rud e ... go bhfeadfadh duine a thainig chun suntais tri chead bliain o shin draiocht fos a imirt ar dhaoine agus go mbeadh moladh ag daoine do i gconai. Is leiriu e sin ni amhain ar a thairgeadh liteartha, ar litriocht i a bhi substainteach agus a raibh tionchar aici chomh maith; ach thairis sin, is leiriu e ar an romansaiocht, ar an leochaileacht agus ar na conthrarthachtai a bhi san fhear e fein, ina shaol pearsanta, lena n-airitear tomhas an chaidreamh a bhi aige le Stella agus Vanessa."[9]

Aicmitear Swift mar dhuine de na aorthoiri prois ba mho i stair an Bhearla, agus suas chun data i gconai. Mar shampla, sa leabhar Gulliver's Travels, cuireann ri na Houyhnhnm ceist ar an gcuairteoir ait mar gheall ar a thir dhuchais. Ce ata i gceannas ann? Deanann Gulliver cur sios ar Phriomh-Aire na Breataine agus a threithe.[10][11]

Nil an clu ceanna air mar fhile. Sa chead ait, d'fhoilsigh Swift gach rud da chuid scribhneoireachta faoi ainmneacha cleite, ar nos Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M.B. Drapier, agus uaireanta eile gan ainm ar bith.

  1. | "Swift, Jonathan | Dictionary of Irish Biography" (en). www.dib.ie. Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.
  2. 1 2 Litriocht. "Jonathan Swift" (ga-IE). Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.
  3. | Office of the President of Ireland. "Media Library | Speeches | President of Ireland" (en). president.ie. Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.
  4. | Maire Ni Fhinneadha (6 Lunasa 2019). "Dia idir sinn agus aisling dhiostoipeach na Gaeilge eigeantai" (ga-IE). Tuairisc.ie. Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.
  5. | Dhearbhaigh se sna 1720'di : 'It would be a noble achievement to abolish the Irish language so far at least as to oblige all the natives to speak only English on every occasion of business in shops, markets, fairs and other places of dealing.'
  6. | Mervyn Bragg ar BBC Radio 4 (28 Eanair 2009)
  7. 1 2 Tony Birtill (Nollaig 2009). "Glortha an Drochshaoil." (ga). Beo!. Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.
  8. | Kevin Hickey (27 Nollaig 2018). "Toirdhealbhach O Cearbhallain: 'Ollamh na dTead' agus cumadoir 'a sharaigh an chruinne le ceim'" (ga-IE). Tuairisc.ie. Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.
  9. | Office of the President of Ireland. "Media Library | Speeches | President of Ireland" (en). president.ie. Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.
  10. | "I told him, that a first or chief minister of state, who was the person I intended to describe, was the creature wholly exempt from joy and grief, love and hatred, pity and anger; at least, makes use of no other passions,...that he applies his words to all uses, except to the indication of his mind; that he never tells a truth but with an intent that you should take it for a lie; nor a lie, but with a design that you should take it for a truth..."
  11. | John-Paul McCarthy (14 Iuil 2016). "Ma ta plean ag Theresa May i dtaobh Brexit, nil si ag ligean uirthi fein..." (ga-IE). Tuairisc.ie. Data rochtana: 2022-10-19.