Jump to content

hull

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Hull and hull

English

[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle English hul, hulle, holle ("seed covering, hull of a ship"), from Old English hulu ("seed covering"), from Proto-Germanic *hul-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kel- ("to cover, hide"); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- ("hard").

Compare Dutch hul ("hood"), German Hulle ("cover, wrap"), Hulse ("hull"); also Old Irish calad, calath ("hard"), Latin callus, callum ("rough skin"), Old Church Slavonic kaliti (kaliti, "to cool, harden"). For the sense development, compare French coque ("nutshell; ship's hull"), Ancient Greek phaselos (phaselos, "bean pod; yacht").

Noun

[edit]

hull (plural hulls)

  1. The outer covering of a fruit or seed.
    Synonyms: peel, husk, shell
  2. Any covering.
Derived terms
[edit]
Translations
[edit]
outer covering of a fruit or seed

Verb

[edit]

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

  1. To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.
    Synonyms: peel, husk, shell, shuck
    She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.
Translations
[edit]
to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle English holle, hoole ("hull, hold of a ship, ship"), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle ("hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment", literally "hole, hollow"), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol ("hole, ship's cargo hold"). More at hole.

Noun

[edit]
A diagram of a ship hull (etymology 2 sense 1)

hull (plural hulls)

  2. The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane.
    Synonym: (of a winged aircraft) fuselage
    • 1627, Iohn Smith [i.e., John Smith], "How to Build a Ship with the Definitions of All the Principall Names of Euery Part of her Principall Timbers, also How They are Fixed One to Another, and the Reasons of Their Vse", in A Sea Grammar, with the Plaine Exposition of Smiths Accidence for Young Sea-men, Enlarged. [...], London: [...] Iohn Haviland, -OCLC, page 5:
      VVhen you haue berthed or brought her [the ship] vp to the planks, vvhich are those thicke timbers vvhich goeth fore and aft on each side, vvhereon doth lie the beames of the first Orlop, vvhich is the first floore to support the plankes doth couer the Hovvle, those are great crosse timbers, that keepes the ship sides asunder, the maine beame is euer next the maine mast, [...]
    • 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. [...], London: [...] Henry Herringman, [...], -OCLC, stanza 60:
      Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find.
  3. (mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.
    Synonym: span
    The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.
    holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull
Derived terms
[edit]
Translations
[edit]
the body or frame of a vessel -- see also fuselage, bodywork, body, deck

Verb

[edit]

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

  1. (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled.
  2. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc.
    • 1774, George Shelvocke, "The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World", in David Henry, editor, An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators[2], volume 2, London: F. Newbery, page 163:
      During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks [...]

Estonian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *hullu. Cognate to Finnish hullu and Livonian ull.

Adjective

[edit]

hull (genitive hullu, partitive hullu, comparative hullem, superlative koige hullem)

  1. crazy, mad

Declension

[edit]
Declension of hull (OS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
singular plural
nominative hull hullud
accusative nom.
gen. hullu
genitive hullude
partitive hullu hulle
hullusid
illative hullu
hullusse 		hulludesse
hullesse
inessive hullus hulludes
hulles
elative hullust hulludest
hullest
allative hullule hulludele
hullele
adessive hullul hulludel
hullel
ablative hullult hulludelt
hullelt
translative hulluks hulludeks
hulleks
terminative hulluni hulludeni
essive hulluna hulludena
abessive hulluta hulludeta
comitative hulluga hulludega

Hungarian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kule-. Cognates include Finnish kulua ("to wear out, to get consumed") and Komi-Zyrian gylavny (gylavny, "to fall, to drop, to collapse").

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

hull

  1. (intransitive) to fall
    Synonym: esik
    Hull a ho. -- It's snowing. (literally, "The snow is falling.")
    terdre hull -- to fall on one's knees
  2. (intransitive, of tears) to flow
  3. (intransitive, of hair) to fall out
  4. (intransitive) to die (in large quantities)
    Hullanak, mint a legyek. -- They are dying off like flies.

Usage notes

[edit]

Conjugation

[edit]
Conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indicative indicative present indef. hullok hullasz hull hullunk hullotok hullanak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hullottam hullottal hullott hullottunk hullottatok hullottak
def. --
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or--more explicitly--with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hullani fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullek hullal hulla hullank hullatok hullanak
def. --
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hull vala, hullott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullandok hullandasz hulland hullandunk hullandotok hullandanak
def. --
2nd obj
conditional present indef. hullanek hullanal hullana hullanank hullanatok hullananak
def. --
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullott volna
subjunctive subjunctive present indef. hulljak hullj or
hulljal 		hulljon hulljunk hulljatok hulljanak
def. --
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by legyen, e.g. hullott legyen
infinitive hullani hullanom hullanod hullania hullanunk hullanotok hullaniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
hullas hullo hullott -- hullva (hullvan)
Potential conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indicative indicative present indef. hullhatok hullhatsz hullhat hullhatunk hullhattok hullhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hullhattam hullhattal hullhatott hullhattunk hullhattatok hullhattak
def. --
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullhatek hullhatal hullhata hullhatank hullhatatok hullhatanak
def. --
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hullhat vala, hullhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullhatandok
or hullandhatok 		hullhatandasz
or hullandhatsz 		hullhatand
or hullandhat 		hullhatandunk
or hullandhatunk 		hullhatandotok
or hullandhattok 		hullhatandanak
or hullandhatnak
def. --
2nd obj
conditional present indef. hullhatnek hullhatnal hullhatna hullhatnank hullhatnatok hullhatnanak
def. --
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullhatott volna
subjunctive subjunctive present indef. hullhassak hullhass or
hullhassal 		hullhasson hullhassunk hullhassatok hullhassanak
def. --
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by legyen, e.g. hullhatott legyen
infinitive (hullhatni) (hullhatnom) (hullhatnod) (hullhatnia) (hullhatnunk) (hullhatnotok) (hullhatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
-- -- (hullhatva / hullhatvan)

In archaic or literary style, the short forms (with no linking vowel) are (were) common in the past tense, as well as in the present-tense conditional (even if it is long otherwise):

Conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indicative indicative present indef. hullok hullsz hull hullunk hulltok hullnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hulltam hulltal hullt hulltunk hulltatok hulltak
def. --
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or--more explicitly--with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hullni fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullek hullal hulla hullank hullatok hullanak
def. --
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hull vala, hullt vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullandok hullandasz hulland hullandunk hullandotok hullandanak
def. --
2nd obj
conditional present indef. hullnek hullnal hullna hullnank hullnatok hullnanak
def. --
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullt volna
subjunctive subjunctive present indef. hulljak hullj or
hulljal 		hulljon hulljunk hulljatok hulljanak
def. --
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by legyen, e.g. hullt legyen
infinitive hullni hullnom hullnod hullnia hullnunk hullnotok hullniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
hullas hullo hullt -- hullva (hullvan)
Potential conjugation of hull
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indicative indicative present indef. hullhatok hullhatsz hullhat hullhatunk hullhattok hullhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. hullhattam hullhattal hullhatott hullhattunk hullhattatok hullhattak
def. --
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. hullhatek hullhatal hullhata hullhatank hullhatatok hullhatanak
def. --
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hullhat vala, hullhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. hullhatandok
or hullandhatok 		hullhatandasz
or hullandhatsz 		hullhatand
or hullandhat 		hullhatandunk
or hullandhatunk 		hullhatandotok
or hullandhattok 		hullhatandanak
or hullandhatnak
def. --
2nd obj
conditional present indef. hullhatnek hullhatnal hullhatna hullhatnank hullhatnatok hullhatnanak
def. --
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hullhatott volna
subjunctive subjunctive present indef. hullhassak hullhass or
hullhassal 		hullhasson hullhassunk hullhassatok hullhassanak
def. --
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by legyen, e.g. hullhatott legyen
infinitive (hullhatni) (hullhatnom) (hullhatnod) (hullhatnia) (hullhatnunk) (hullhatnotok) (hullhatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
-- -- (hullhatva / hullhatvan)

Derived terms

[edit]

(With verbal prefixes):

Further reading

[edit]
  • hull in Geza Barczi, Laszlo Orszagh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv ertelmezo szotara [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ErtSz.), Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1959-1962. Fifth ed., 1992: -ISBN.

Norwegian Bokmal

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Inherited from Old Norse hol, through Danish hul. Compare to English hole

Alternative forms

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

hull n (definite singular hullet, indefinite plural hull or huller, definite plural hulla or hullene)

  1. a hole
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

hull

  1. imperative of hulle

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • "hull" in The Bokmal Dictionary.

Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Swedish huld, from Proto-Norse *holda (*holda), from Proto-Germanic *hulda.

Noun

[edit]

hull n

  1. soft, superficial flesh (fat and muscle)
    nypa nagon i hullet
    pinch someone's belly [for example]
    lagga pa hullet
    get fatter [lay on the flesh]
    fast/los i hullet
    firm/loose in the flesh

Declension

[edit]
Declension of hull
nominative genitive
singular indefinite hull hulls
definite hullet hullets
plural indefinite -- --
definite -- --

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]