Nalchik
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Nalchik
Nal'chik | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| * Kabardian | Nalshch`ech |
| * Balkar | Nal'chik |
Bochka Bar, Pobeda Cinema, Cathedral of Equal to the Apostle Mary Magdalene, Fountain at the Place de la Concorde in the Lenina Street, Monument to the Nalchans who died in the Great Patriotic War, Trees in a park, Snow in a memorial, Statue of Lenin, Central Mosque, KBSU Main Building | |
Interactive map of Nalchik | |
| Coordinates: 43deg29'N 43deg37'E / 43.483degN 43.617degE / 43.483; 43.617 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kabardino-Balkaria |
| Founded | 1724 |
| City status since | 1921 |
| Government | |
| * Body | City Council[1] |
| * Head[2] | Taymuraz Akhokhov [ru][2] |
| Area [10] | |
* Total | 67 km2 (26 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 512 m (1,680 ft) |
| Population | |
* Estimate (2025)[3] | 247,054 ) |
| * Subordinated to | city of republic significance of Nalchik[4] |
| * Capital of | Kabardino-Balkar Republic |
| * Capital of | city of republic significance of Nalchik[4] |
| * Urban okrug | Nalchik Urban Okrug[5] |
| * Capital of | Nalchik Urban Okrug[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [6]) |
| Postal codes[7] | 360000, 360005, 360032, 360901, 360903, 360904 |
| Dialing code | +7 8662[8] |
| OKTMO ID | 83701000001 |
| City Day | September 1[9] |
| Website | admnalchik |
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Nalchik (Russian: Nal'chik, IPA: ['naljtcIk]; Kabardian: Nalshch`ech, romanized: Nalsac' [na:lZc'akj]; Karachay-Balkar: Nal'chik[12] or Nalchyk'[13][14], romanized: Nalcik or Nalciq [naltSWk]) is the capital city of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Beslan (Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania).[15] It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51 sq mi). Population: 247,054 (2021 census);[11] 240,203 (2010 census);[16] 274,974 (2002 census);[17] 234,547 (1989 Soviet census).[18]
| Year | Pop. | +-% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 4,809 | -- |
| 1926 | 12,893 | +168.1% |
| 1939 | 47,970 | +272.1% |
| 1959 | 87,617 | +82.6% |
| 1970 | 145,690 | +66.3% |
| 1979 | 207,406 | +42.4% |
| 1989 | 234,547 | +13.1% |
| 2002 | 274,974 | +17.2% |
| 2010 | 240,203 | -12.6% |
| 2021 | 247,054 | +2.9% |
| Source: Census data | ||
History
[edit]The territory of modern-day Nalchik was formerly known as Sloboda. The modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there in 1818.
In 1838, a Russian military settlement was founded in the city, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, in the year 1921, Nalchik was given the status of administrative center of Kabardin Autonomous Oblast. During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nalchiksky Okrug of the Terek Oblast.
The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar (a Turkic language). It is a diminutive of na'l, a common Middle Eastern word (Arabic, Persian, Turkish) for "horseshoe", possibly from the ancient Scythian, 'nalak' (horseshoe). The city of Nalchik was named this way because of how it is shaped as surrounded by the mountains of the land, and the Nalchik River is named after the city it runs across.
During World War II, on 2 November 1942, Nalchik was occupied by Romanian mountain troops (Vanatori de munte) under the command of Brigadier General Ioan Dumitrache, its capture earning the Romanian General the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[19] The city was heavily damaged during the conflict. General Dumitrache went to great length ordering his troops to protect local population during the time Nalchik was occupied by Romanian forces. Professor A. N. Dainaco, the Mayor of Nalchik at that time, thanked General Dumitrache for liberating the city. Although he was accused of war crimes, General Dumitrache was fully exonerated after the war by a joint Soviet and Romanian judicial commission.[20]
In 1990, there was a 6.0 magnitude earthquake in Nalchik.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Nalchik and the Kabardino- Balkaria region become a federal republic of Russia.[21]
In 1999 the remains of Kazym Mechiyev, who died in exile in 1945, were reburied in Nalchik.[22]
On October 13, 2005, Nalchik was attacked by a large group of Yarmuk Jamaat militants led by Shamil Basayev and Anzor Astemirov. Buildings associated with the Russian security forces were targeted, killing at least 14 civilians and wounding 115. Thirty-five policemen died in the fighting. Eighty-nine militants, including their leader Ilias Gorchkhanov, were killed, and another fifty-nine arrested.
Administrative and municipal status
[edit]Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Nalchik--an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[4] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nalchik is incorporated as Nalchik Urban Okrug.[5]
Ethnic groups
[edit]
The population of the city in 2021 included the following breakdown by ethnicity:[23]
- Kabardians (Circassian) (49.2%)
- Russians (22.8%)
- Balkars (Taulu) (18.2%)
- Cherkess (3.6%)
- Ossetians (1.3%)
- others (13.2%)
2002 census data is as follows:[24]
- Kabardians (47.3%)
- Russians (31.8%)
- Balkars (11.4%)
- Ossetians (1.9%)
- Ukrainians (1.0%)
Economy and education
[edit]Nalchik is a balneological and mountain climatotherapy resort, with several sanatoriums. It also serves as an industrial center of the republic (non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry, construction materials manufacturing, machine building).[25]
Nalchik is home to the following facilities of higher education:
- Kabardino-Balkarian State University[26]
- North Caucasian State Institute of Arts[27]
- Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural Academy[28]
Climate
[edit]Nalchik has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification: Dfa) with hot summers and no dry season. The warm season lasts from late May to mid-September and the cold season from December to March. Most forms of precipitation are light rain and thunderstorms, as well as light snow and moderate snow. Wind speeds are typically calm to a light breeze through the year.
| Climate data for Nalchik (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean degC (degF) | -1.8 (28.8) |
-1.1 (30.0) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23 (73) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
4.1 (39.4) |
-0.3 (31.5) |
10.5 (50.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 21 (0.8) |
22 (0.9) |
39 (1.5) |
58 (2.3) |
94 (3.7) |
107 (4.2) |
69 (2.7) |
58 (2.3) |
63 (2.5) |
45 (1.8) |
34 (1.3) |
27 (1.1) |
637 (25.1) |
| Average precipitation days (>= 1 mm) | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 91 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 78 | 90 | 107 | 151 | 192 | 226 | 244 | 213 | 176 | 132 | 86 | 73 | 1,768 |
| Source: Gidromettsentr Rossii[29] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Nalchik (Nal'chik) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum degC (degF) | 0.2 (32.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.3 (79.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
| Mean daily minimum degC (degF) | -7.1 (19.2) |
-6.0 (21.2) |
-1.3 (29.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.7 (53.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
1.0 (33.8) |
-3.7 (25.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22 (0.9) |
23 (0.9) |
38 (1.5) |
63 (2.5) |
99 (3.9) |
100 (3.9) |
72 (2.8) |
61 (2.4) |
55 (2.2) |
43 (1.7) |
29 (1.1) |
26 (1.0) |
631 (24.8) |
| Average precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 95 |
| Average snowy days | 9.5 | 6.67 | 5.42 | 0.58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.85 | 3.46 | 7.92 | 34.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 69 | 71 | 117 | 141 | 185 | 235 | 222 | 210 | 201 | 153 | 93 | 63 | 1,760 |
| Source 1: Gydrometcenter[30] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: City Hall of Nalchik,[31] Meteomanz(snowy days 2012-2024)[32] | |||||||||||||
Sports
[edit]PFC Spartak Nalchik is an association football club based in Nalchik, playing in the Russian Premier League. The 2008 World Women's Chess Championship has also been held in Nalchik on August 28-September 18, 2008.[33]
Notable people
[edit]- Khadzhimurat Akkayev (born 1985), Olympic weightlifter
- Astemir Apanasov (born 1989), Circassian singer, musician, composer, and actor
- Rustam Bakov (born 1983), former Russian footballer
- Viktor Belenko (1947-2023), Soviet pilot who defected with a MiG-25, landing in Hakodate, Japan
- Dima Bilan (born 1981), singer
- Felix Frankl (1905-1961), Austrian and Soviet mathematician, physicist and aerodynamics
- Lyalya Chyornaya (1909-1982), actress
- Andre Geim (born 1958), Soviet, British and Netherlands physicist; Nobel laureate
- Vladislav Goldin (born 2001), basketball player, currently playing US college basketball at the University of Michigan
- Mark Ifraimov (born 1981), Israeli former member of the Knesset and Deputy Mayor of Sderot
- Muhadin Kishev (born 1938), Soviet and Spanish artist
- Andrei Kolkoutine (born 1957) painter
- Alim Kouliev (born 1959), actor, theater director
- Azamat Kuliev (born 1963), painter
- Eldar Kuliev (1951-2017), film director, screenwriter
- Katya Lel (born 1974), singer
- Alexander Litvinenko (1962-2006), ex-FSB officer turned anti-Putin activist, poisoned with polonium-210 and died 2006.
- Leo Mol (1915-2009), Soviet and Canadian artist and sculptor
- Nikolay Pavlov (born 1987), professional footballer
- Albert Sarkisyan (born 1975), former Armenian professional footballer
- Yuri Temirkanov (1938-2023), orchestra conductor
- Mikhail Zalikhanov (born 1939), academician of Russian Academy of Sciences
Twin towns and sister cities
[edit]- Amman, Jordan
- Kayseri, Turkey
- Vladikavkaz, Russia
- Reno, Nevada, United States
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "Sovet mestnogo samoupravleniia gorodskogo okruga Nal'chik piatogo sozyva". Nalchik City Council. Nalchik City Council. Archived from the original on December 6, 2013.
The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Nalchik is the Nalchik City Council.
- ^ a b Mestnaia administratsiia gorodskogo okruga Nal'chik (in Russian). Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ Chislennost' postoiannogo naseleniia Rossiiskoi Federatsii po munitsipal'nym obrazovaniiam na 1 ianvaria 2025 goda (in Russian), Moscow: Federal State Statistics Service, April 25, 2025, Wikidata Q133797648
- ^ a b c Law #12-RZ
- ^ a b c Law #13-RZ
- ^ "Ob ischislenii vremeni". Ofitsial'nyi internet-portal pravovoi informatsii (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ "Pochtovye indeksy Rossii".
- ^ "Uvazhaemyi klient, nash sait nedostupenpri ispol'zovanii VPN servisov". www.rt.ru.
- ^ "Pasport gorodskogo okruga Nal'chik". na.adm-kbr.ru. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- ^ "Regiony Rossii. Osnovnye sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli gorodov". 2012 g. (in Russian). Retrieved November 12, 2013.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Vserossiiskaia perepis' naseleniia 2020 goda. Tom 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Suiunchev Kh. I., Urusbiev I. Kh. Russko-karachaevo-balkarskii slovar'. Okolo 35 000 slov. Moskva: <
>, 1965. S. 744 - ^ Suiunchev Kh. I., Urusbiev I. Kh. Russko-karachaevo-balkarskii slovar'. Okolo 35 000 slov. Moskva: <
>, 1965. S. 431. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Imia sushchestvitel'no v karachaevo-balkarskom iazyke. S 38" (PDF).
- ^ "Dozens die as Russian city raided." BBC. Thursday October 13, 2005. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Vserossiiskaia perepis' naseleniia 2010 goda. Tom 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Vserossiiskaia perepis' naseleniia 2010 goda [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Chislennost' naseleniia Rossii, sub'ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii v sostave federal'nykh okrugov, raionov, gorodskikh poselenii, sel'skikh naselionnykh punktov - raionnykh tsentrov i sel'skikh naselionnykh punktov s naseleniem 3 tysiachi i bolee chelovek [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities--Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Vserossiiskaia perepis' naseleniia 2002 goda [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Vsesoiuznaia perepis' naseleniia 1989 g. Chislennost' nalichnogo naseleniia soiuznykh i avtonomnykh respublik, avtonomnykh oblastei i okrugov, kraiov, oblastei, raionov, gorodskikh poselenii i siol-raitsentrov [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Vsesoiuznaia perepis' naseleniia 1989 goda [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Institut demografii Natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo universiteta: Vysshaia shkola ekonomiki [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (September 6, 2016). "World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection". ABC-CLIO - via Google Books.
- ^ Arhiva Reviste. Bichir (subscription required)
- ^ "Kabardino-Balkaria profile". BBC News. August 28, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ https://en.mapofmemory.org/07-01
- ^ "Natsional'nyi sostav naseleniia". Upravlenie Federal'noi sluzhby gosudarstvennoi statistiki po Severo-Kavkazskomu federal'nomu okrugu. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
- ^ "Naselenie kabardino-balkarii".
- ^ Protsenko, Nikolay. "Times Get Tougher in a North Caucasus Republic." Transitions Online, Nov. 2010, p. 3.
- ^ "Organisations.Kabardino-Balkar State University". mathnet.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
- ^ "North-Caucasus State Institute of Arts". Universities, Colleges and Institutes Directory of Russian Federation (Russia) .University-directory.eu. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
- ^ "Federal Education Kabardino-Balkar State Agricultural Academy" (in Russian). Education in Russia. edu.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
- ^ "Calimatic norms" Klimaticheskie normy. meteoinfo (in Russian). Hydrometeorological Center of Russia. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- ^ "Nal'chik". METEOINFO.RU.
- ^ "City Hall of Nalchik : Sundata for Nalchik". June 2011. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
- ^ "Nalchik - Weather data by months". Meteomanz. Retrieved February 9, 2025.
- ^ "World Women's Championship.World Chess Federation 2008". FIDE. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
Sources
[edit]- Parlament Kabardino-Balkarskoi Respubliki. Zakon No. 12-RZ ot 27 fevralia 2005 g. <
>, v red. Zakona No. 20-RZ ot 23 aprelia 2014 g. < (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Law #12-RZ of February 27, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #20-RZ of April 23, 2014 On Amending Various Republican Laws. Effective as of the day following the publication date.).>. Vstupil v silu na sleduiushchii den' posle opublikovaniia. Opublikovan: "Kabardino-Balkarskaia pravda", b/n, 1 marta 2005 g. - Parlament Kabardino-Balkarskoi Respubliki. Zakon No. 13-RZ ot 27 fevralia 2005 g. <
>, v red. Zakona No. 20-RZ ot 23 aprelia 2014 g. < (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Law #13-RZ of February 27, 2005 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #20-RZ of April 23, 2014 On Amending Various Republican Laws. Effective as of the day following the official publication date.).>. Vstupil v silu na sleduiushchii den' posle ofitsial'nogo opublikovaniia. Opublikovan: "Kabardino-Balkarskaia pravda", b/n, 1 marta 2005 g.
External links
[edit]
- Nalcik. Official Website of Kabardino-Balkaria (in Russian)
