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WebM

Wikipedia -- erkin enciklopediya

WebM audiovizual mediafayl format[1]. Ol tiykarinan HTML video ham HTML audio elementlerinde paydalaniw ushin royaltisiz alternativa usiniwga arnalgan. Onin suwretlerge arnalgan WebP atli sinar joybari bar. Formatti islep shigiwga Google qawenderlik etedi, al tiyisli programmaliq tamiynat BSD licenziyasi tiykarinda tarqatiladi.

WebM konteyneri Matroska profiline tiykarlangan[2][3][4]. WebM daslepki waqitta VP8 video ham Vorbis audio agimlarin qollap-quwatladi. 2013-jili ol VP9 video ham Opus audiosin ornalastiriw ushin janartildi[5]. Ol sonday-aq AV1 kodegin de qollap-quwatlaydi[6].

WebM videosina misal

Satiwshini qollap-quwatlaw

Programmaliq tamiynat

Mozilla Firefox[7][8], Opera[9][10], ham Google Chrome[11] tarepinen WebMdi tabiyiy turde qollap-quwatlawi 2010-jilgi Google I/O konferenciyasinda jariyalandi. Internet Explorer 9 ushin ushinshi tarep WebM programmaliq tamiynati talap etiledi[12]. 2021-jili Apple macOS ushin Safari 14.1 di shigardi, bul brauzerge tabiyiy WebM qollap-quwatlawin qosti[13]. 2019-jilgi magliwmatlarina saykes, QuickTime WebMdi qollap-quwatlamaydi[14][15], biraq saykes ushinshi tarep plagini arqali isleydi[16]. 2011-jili Google WebM Project Team standart HTML5 tegi arqali WebM fayllarin oynatiwga mumkinshilik beriwshi Internet Explorer ham Safari ushin plaginlerdi shigardi[17]. 2012-jil 9-iyun jagdayina, Internet Explorer 9 ham onnan keyingi versiyalari Windows Vista ham onnan keyingi nusqalar ushin plagindi qollap-quwatladi[18].

VLC media oynatqishi[19], MPlayer, K-Multimedia Player ham JRiver Media Center WebM fayllarin oynatiw ushin tabiyiy qollap-quwatlawga iye[20]. FFmpeg, WebM joybarinin VP8/VP9 kodek kitapxanasi bolgan libvpx qollap-quwatlawi menen qurilganda, VP8 videolarin kodlaw ham dekodlay aladi, sonday-aq WebMge saykes fayllardi multipleksley aladi/demultipleksley aladi[21]. 2010-jil 23-iyulde FFmpeg toparinan Fiona Gleyzer, Ronald Bulte ham Devid Konrad ffvp8 dekoderin jariyaladi. Olardin sinaqlari ffvp8 din Googledin menshikli libvpx dekoderinen tezirek ekenin aniqladi[22][23]. Ataqli Matroska jaratiw qurallari bolgan MKVToolNix, WebMge saykes fayllardi multiplekslew/demultiplekslew ushin qollap-quwatlawdi amelge asirdi[24]. Haali Media Splitter da WebMdi multiplekslew/demultiplekslew ushin qollap-quwatlawdi jariyaladi. 1.4.9 nusqasinan baslap, LiVES video redaktori ffmpeg kitapxanalarin qollanip, aniq waqit rejiminde dekodlaw ham WebM formatina kodlaw ushin qollap-quwatlawga iye.

MPC-HC, SVN 2071 duzilisinen baslap, FFmpeg kodina tiykarlangan ishki VP8 dekoderi menen WebM oynatiwdi qollap-quwatlaydi[25]. WebM ushin toliq dekodlaw qollap-quwatlawi MPC-HCda 1.4.2499.0 nusqasinan baslap amelge asirilgan[26].

Android 2.3 Gingerbread nusqasinan baslap WebMdi qollap-quwatlaydi[27], ol birinshi ret Nexus S smartfoni arqali usinilgan ham Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwichten baslap agim menen jiberiwge boladi[28].

Microsoft Edge brauzeri 2016-jil aprel ayinan baslap WebMdi qollap-quwatlaydi[29].

2019-jil 30-iyulde Blender 2.80 WebM qollap-quwatlawi menen shigarildi[30].

iOS daslepki waqitta WebMdi oynatpadi[31], biraq iOS 15 din bir bolegi sipatinda Safari 15 te WebMdi qollap-quwatlaw qosildi.

Sony PlayStation 5, WebM formatinda 1080p ham 2160p korinislerin jazip aliwdi qollap-quwatlaydi.

ChromeOStagi ekran jazbalari WebM fayli sipatinda saqlanadi.

Apparatliq tamiynat

WebM joybari yarim otkizgish kompaniyalarga 1080p formatin biypul kodlaw ham dekodlaw ushin VP8 apparatliq tezletkishlerin (RTL IP) licenziyalaydi. AMD, ARM ham Broadcom WebM formatinin apparatliq tezletiliwin qollap-quwatlaytuginin jariyaladi. Intel da, eger format ataqli bolatugin bolsa, ozinin Atom tiykarindagi televizor chiplerinde WebM ushin apparatliq tamiynatqa tiykarlangan tezletiwdi korip shiqpaqta. Qualcomm ham Texas Instruments qollap-quwatlawdi jariyaladi[32][33]. TI OMAP processorina qollap-quwatlawdin keliwi menen[34]. Chips&Media sekundina 60 kadr menen full HD (1080p) VP8 agimlarin dekodlay alatugin toliq apparatliq VP8 dekoderin jariyaladi[35].

Nvidia VP8di qollap-quwatlaydi ham Tegra 4 ham Tegra 4i SoClarinda apparatliq dekodlawdi da, kodlawdi da tamiyinleydi[36]. Nvidia, HTML5 ham ozinin Nvidia 3D Vision texnologiyasi arqali WebM ushin 3D videoni qollap-quwatlaytuginin jariyaladi[37][38][39].

2011-jil 7-yanvarda Rockchip 1080p VP8 dekodlawin toliq apparatliq amelge asiratugin dunyadagi birinshi chipti shigardi. RK29xx chipindegi videoni tezletiw WebM joybarinin G-Series 1 apparatliq dekoder IPsi tarepinen basqariladi[40].

2011-jil iyun ayinda ZiiLABS ZMS-20 processorinda isleytugin 1080p VP8 dekoderin amelge asiriwin korsetti. Chiptin programmalastirilatugin media-processing topari VP8 tezletiwin tamiyinlew ushin qollaniladi[41].

ST-Ericsson ham Huaweidin de oz kompyuter chiplerinde apparatliq amelge asiriwlari boldi[42].

Agim (striming) mumkinshilikleri

2017-jildan baslap Icecast -- dasturli turde audio agimi ushin qollanilatugin agimli media server -- WebM formatin (Vorbis/Opus audio kodekleri menen VP8/VP9 video kodekleri) qollanip, tikkeley efirde video agimin qollap-quwatladi. Bul joqari sapali, royaltisiz, ashiq standartli video agimlarin tarqatiwga imkaniyat beredi, olar menshikli plaginlerdi yamasa oynatqishlardi talap etpesten, brauzerlerde tikkeley oynatiliwi mumkin.

Arxivlengen agimlar ham server dizimleri Icecast arqali tikkeley efirde agim ushin WebMnin omirshenligin korsetedi, sonin ishinde 1080p VP9 agimlarinin misallari da bar.

Licenziyalaw

Daslepki WebM licenziyasi, eger patentti buziw boyinsha sud isi qozgalsa, patentlik grantlardi da, avtorliq huqiqti qayta tarqatiw shartlerin de biykar etetugin edi, bul GPLge uylesimlilikke baylanisli tashwishlerdi payda etti. Sol tashwishlerge juwap retinde, WebM joybari patentlik grantti avtorliq huqiq grantinan ajiratti, derek kodin standart BSD licenziyasi boyinsha, al patentlerdi oz aldina grant boyinsha usindi[43]. <> alip bariwshi Erkin programmaliq tamiynat fondi (Free Software Foundation) WebM ham VP8 ushin oz maqullawin berdi[44] ] ham programmaliq tamiynat licenziyasin GNU General Public License (GNU uliwma jamiyetlik licenziyasi) menen uylesimli dep esaplaydi[45][46]. 2011-jil 19-yanvarda Erkin programmaliq tamiynat fondi WebM joybarin rasmiy turde qollap-quwatlaytuginin jariyaladi[47]. 2011-jil fevral ayinda Microsofttin Internet Explorer boyinsha vice-prezidenti Googledi patentlik shagimlardan qorgaw ushin kepillik beriwge shaqirdi[48].

Google ozinin VP8ge baylanisli barliq patentlerin royaltisiz format sipatinda qaytarip alinbaytugin etip shiqargan bolsa da[49], H.264 patent aqshasinin licenziarlari MPEG LA, VP8 ushin patent aqshasin jaratiwga qizigiwshiliq bildirdi[50][51]. Kerisinshe, basqa izertlewshiler On2nin har qanday MPEG LA patentlerinen qashiw ushin ayriqsha hareket etkenin dalilleytugin magliwmatlardi keltiredi[52]. Usi qawip natiyjesinde, 2011-jil mart ayinda Amerika Qurama Shtatlarinin Adillik departamenti (DOJ) basekini tunshiqtiriwga hareket etiwi mumkin bolgan roli ushin MPEG LAga qarata tergew basladi[53][54]. 2013-jil mart ayinda MPEG LA, VP8 kodegin amelge asiriw ushin <> bolgan patentlerdi licenziyalaw boyinsha Google menen kelisimge kelgenin jariyaladi ham Googlega usi patentlerdi VP8 yamasa VP9din har qanday ushinshi tarep paydalaniwshisina sublicenziyalaw huqiqin berdi[55][56].

2013-jil mart ayinda Nokia, Googledin VP8 kodegin WebMnin tiykargi bolegi etiw usinisi boyinsha Internet injenerlik waziypalar toparina (Internet Engineering Task Force) qarsiliq bildirdi, onda VP8di amelge asiriw ushin zarur patentler bar ekenin aytip[57]. Nokia 64 patent ham 22 kutip turgan otinishti dizimge kirgizdi ham olardin hesh birin VP8 ushin licenziyalawga tayar emesligin qosimsha etti[58]. 2013-jil 5-avgustta Germaniyanin Mangeym qalasindagi sud, VP8 Nokiaga tiyisli bolgan ham shagim etilgen patentti buzbaydi dep sheshim shigardi[59].

Derekler

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