SQL

Chu Dian : huri-Bai Ke Shi Dian {uikipedeia(Wikipedia)}

SQL

SQLnorogo
paradaimu	Xuan Yan Xing
Deng Chang Shi Qi	1974Nian
She Ji Zhe	reimondo*F*boisu(Ying Yu Ban ) donarudo*D*chienbarin
Zui Xin riri-su	SQL:2023 / 2023Nian 6Yue 1Ri [1]
tenpure-towoBiao Shi

SQL(Structured Query Language)(esukiyu-eru^[2][3]['es kju: 'el] ( Yin Sheng huairu), shi-kueru^[2]['si:kw@l] ( Yin Sheng huairu), shi-keru^[4])ha, Guan Xi de-tabe-suGuan Li shisutemu (RDBMS) nioite, de-tanoCao Zuo yaDing Yi woXing utamenode-tabe-suYan Yu (Wen iHe waseYan Yu ), domeinGu You Yan Yu dearu. puroguramingunioitede-tabe-suhenoakusesunotameni, Ta nopuroguraminguYan Yu toBing Yong sareru.

SQLgaShi wareruRDBha[edoga-*F*kotsudoniyotsuteKao An saretaGuan Xi de-tabe-sunoGuan Xi moderuniokeruYan Suan Ti Xi dearu, Guan Xi Dai Shu toGuan Xi Lun Li (Guan Xi Ji Suan )niJi duiteiru] toXuan Chuan sareteirukotogaDuo i. shikashi, SQLnitsuiteha, sonokotsudoZi Shen wohazimeTa karamo, Guan Xi Dai Shu toGuan Xi Lun Li nikichintoZhun Ju shiteinaitoshitePi Pan saretehairu(The Third Manifesto - kurisu*deito, hiyu-*da-uen).

SQLGui Ge ha1986Nian niTong Yi Biao Zhun Gui Ge gaFa Biao sarerumadeha, sonoTong Yi Biao Zhun Gui Ge gaCun Zai shinaiZhuang Kuang deatsuta. sonotame, Ge Guan Xi de-tabe-suGuan Li shisutemu (RDBMS) benda-gotonisamazamanaKuo Zhang ganasaretekita.

Jin Nian ninatsuteANSI, Hou niISOdeYan Yu Shi Yang noBiao Zhun Hua gaXing wareteori, Zhi Ding saretaNian gotoniSQL86, SQL89, SQL92, SQL:1999, SQL:2003, SQL:2006, SQL:2008, SQL:2011, SQL:2016, SQL:2023nadonoGui Ge gaaruga, Dui Ying noCheng Du habenda-gotonibarabaradearu. korehaBiao Zhun SQLCe Ding niShi Jian gakakarisugitakotoniyori, bizinesunoXian Zhuang karaZao Qi noJi Neng Kuo Zhang gaPo raretabenda-noDu He to, Du Zi Gou Wen woPin Fan niLi Yong shiteitaLi Yong Zhe oyobipurogurama-niDui shi, Hu Huan Xing Bao Chi woBao Zheng suruBi Yao moatsutatamedearu.

soshite1986Nian niTong Yi Biao Zhun Gui Ge gaFa Biao sareteYi Lai Fei Chang niDuo kunoGai Zheng gaXing wareta. Zhi Ding Nian Du Shun niDai Biao De naGui Ge woYi Xia niJu geru.

Nian	Tong Cheng	Bie Cheng	Shuo Ming	Gui Ge
1986Nian	SQL86	SQL87	ANSIniyotsuteFa Biao saretaZui Chu noGui Yue . 1987Nian niISOniyotsutePi Zhun sareta. de-taCao Zuo Yan Yu (DML) Shi Yang Ce Ding : COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/Inado, Qin Yan Yu (Mu Yan Yu , hosutoYan Yu tomoYan u)henoMai Ip miSQLWen Shi Yang Ce Ding	ANSI X3.135-1986 ISO 9075:1987[Zhu Shi 1]JIS X 3005:1987
1989Nian	SQL89		maina-ba-ziyon. de-taDing Yi Yan Yu (DDL) Shi Yang Ce Ding (CREATE TABLEWen , CREATE VIEWWen , GRANTWen . tadashi, DROPWen , ALTERWen , REVOKEWen hanashi) Zhi Yue oyobiZheng He Xing Ji Neng woZhui Jia (DEFAULT, UNIQUEZhi Yue , NOT NULLZhi Yue , PRIMARY KEYZhi Yue , CHECKZhi Yue , Can Zhao Zheng He Xing Zhi Yue ) CYan Yu henoMai Ip miSQLWen Shi Yang noZhui Jia	ISO 9075:1989 ANSI X3.135-1989 [Zhu Shi 2]JIS X 3005:1990
1992Nian	SQL92(Ying Yu Ban )	SQL2	meziya-ba-ziyon Zhi Jiao Xing noGai Shan (Biao Shi ) de-taXing noKuo Zhang (Ke Bian Chang Wen Zi Lie , bitsuto, Wen Zi Ji He , Ri Fu *Shi Ke *Shi Jian Jian Ge (DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL)) Wai Bu Jie He (OUTER JOIN) Ding Yi Yu (DOMAIN) Biao Ming (ASSERTION) Yi Shi Biao (TEMPORARY TABLE: Yong Sok Hua shinaide-tawoGe Na ) DDLShi Yang Zhui Jia (DROPWen , ALTERWen ) Dong De SQLShi Yang Qian Fang *Hou Fang sukuro-ruKe Neng naka-sorusapo-to kuraianto/sa-bashisutemunotamenoCONNECT/DISCONNECTWen	ISO/IEC 9075:1992 ANSI X3.135-1992[Zhu Shi 1]JIS X 3005:1995
1995Nian	SQL/CLI		ko-rureberuinta-hue-su (Call Level Interface) Ye Jie Biao Zhun ninatsuta ODBC API nointahue-suniXiang Dang suruJi Neng woGuo Ji Biao Zhun Hua shitaGui Ge
1996Nian	SQL/PSM		Yong Sok Ge Na moziyu-ru (Persistent Storage Module) Yi Ban De nisutoadopuroshi-ziyatoHu bareruJi Neng woGuo Ji Biao Zhun Hua shitaGui Ge
1999Nian	SQL:1999(Ying Yu Ban ) (SQL99)	SQL3	RDBMSnotamenoWan Quan naYan Yu ninarukotowoMu Zhi shitaShi Yang [Zhu Shi 3]. Zheng Gui Biao Xian niyoruZhi Zhao He Gong Tong Biao Shi (WITHJu ) Zai Gui kueri OLAP (ROLLUP, CUBE, GROUPING SETS) yunion (UNION)*Jie He Jing You noGeng Xin ka-soruCao Zuo noJi Neng Qiang Hua (toranzakushiyonWan Liao Hou noo-punZhuang Tai Bao Chi )*yu-zaDing Yi Quan Xian (ROLE)*toranzakushiyonGuan Li noXin Ji Neng (SAVEPOINT) SQL/PSMQiang Hua (Zhi Yu Gou Wen (IF, WHILEnado) sapo-tonado) SQLJ (JavawoQin Yan Yu tosuruMai meIp miSQLGui Ge ) de-tabe-sutoriga yu-zaDing Yi Guan Shu (sutoadohuankushiyon) Fei sukara-Xing noXin shiide-taXing : Zhen Li Zhi (BOOLEAN) Xing toPei Lie (ARRAY) Xing , LOB (Large Object), yu-zaDing Yi Xing , Gou Zao Xing Shang Wei Biao toXia Wei Biao (su-pa-te-burutosabute-buru) obuziekutoZhi Xiang noKao eFang woQu riRu retaobuziekutoGuan Xi de-tabe-suJi Shu (ORDB). Pei Lie Xing yayu-zaDing Yi Xing , yu-zaDing Yi Guan Shu toShang Wei Biao /Xia Wei Biao Shi Yang niyoriShi Xian sareteiru.	ISO/IEC 9075:1999 JIS X 3005-1:2002, JIS X 3005-2:2002
2003Nian	SQL:2003(Ying Yu Ban )		SQL/MM (maruchimedeia: hure-muwa-ku, Quan Wen Jian Suo , Kong Jian de-ta (Spatial), Jing Zhi Hua Xiang ) SQL/MED (Wai Bu de-taGuan Li : Fei Guan Xi de-ta (Shun Bian Cheng huairuyaJie Ceng Xing de-tabe-sunado) yaTa She noGuan Xi de-tawoSQLdeakusesusurutamenoGui Ge ) SQL/OLB (obuziekutoYan Yu baindeingu: SQLJwoBiao Zhun Hua suru. JavapuroguramuniMai meIp muSQLWen ) XMLGuan Lian noJi Neng uindouGuan Shu Shun Xu (shi-kensu)noBiao Zhun Hua toShi Bie ki-Lie niDui suruZhi noZi Dong Sheng Cheng woXing uLie Shi Yang noDao Ru (IDXing ) (See Eisenberg et al.: SQL:2003 Has Been Published.)	ISO/IEC 9075:2003
2008Nian	SQL:2008(Ying Yu Ban )		INSTEAD OF toriga TRUNCATE TABLE sute-tomento Pei Lie Xing noJi Yue toZhan Kai (array_agg, unnest) [5]	ISO/IEC 9075-2:2008 JIS X 3005-1:2014
2011Nian	SQL:2011(Ying Yu Ban )		Shi Jian de-ta(PERIOD FOR)(Xiang Xi nitsuiteha, Shi Jian de-tabe-su#Lu Li woCan Zhao ) uindouGuan Shu toFETCHJu noJi Neng Qiang Hua	ISO/IEC 9075-2:2011 JIS X 3005-2:2015
2016Nian	SQL:2016(Ying Yu Ban )		Xing pata-nmatsuchingu Duo Tai De te-buruGuan Shu Wen Zi Lie hui-rudoniGe Na saretaJSONde-taniDui suruCao Zuo	ISO/IEC 9075-2:2016
2019Nian	SQL:2019(Ying Yu Ban )		pa-to 15, Duo Ci Yuan Pei Lie (MDarray Xing toYan Suan Zi )	ISO/IEC 9075-15:2019
2023Nian	SQL:2023(Ying Yu Ban )		de-taXing JSON (SQL/Foundation) pa-to 16, puropatei gurahu kueri (SQL/PGQ)	ISO/IEC 9075-2:2023

SQLhasonoXing Zhi Shang , [Xuan Yan Xing ] noYan Yu dearu.

puroguramukaraGuan Xi de-tabe-suwoCao Zuo surutamenoFang Fa toshite, SQLgaGuan Xi surumonoyaGuan Xi shinaimonogaari, Yi Xia nisorerawoShu beru.

Shou Sok kiXing puroguraminguYan Yu , aruihaShou Sok kiXing dehanaipuroguraminguYan Yu karaGuan Xi de-tabe-suwoCao Zuo surutame, so-suko-doZhong niSQLwoMai meIp mi, puripurosetsusaniyotsuteSQLBu Fen woBian Huan shitede-tabe-suapurike-shiyonwoKai Fa suruFang Shi gaaru. korewo[Mai meIp miSQL] (Embedded SQL/ESQL) toHu bi, Hou niANSIniyoriShi Yang gaBiao Zhun Hua sareta.

maikurosohutoha, CYan Yu karaAPIreberudeTong Yi shitaso-suko-dowoJi Shu shi, kuraianto*sa-baXing apurike-shiyonshisutemunoGou Zhu niYou Yong dearuShi Zu mi[Open Database Connectivity] (ODBC) woFa Biao shi, sonoYou Yong Xing karaANSIdehaODBCShi Yang woCan Kao ni[SQL/CLI] toiuShi Yang woBiao Zhun Hua shita.

LINQdeha, puroguraminguYan Yu C#Nei nioite, Wen Mo niyotsuteHe rakanoZhui riwoki-wa-dotoshiteXi utoiu contextual keyword woHuo Yong shi, Yan Yu Nei niYan Yu noKuo Zhang noyounishiteSQLraikunaJi Shu gadekiru. Wen Zi Lie be-sunoMai meIp mideFa Sheng suruinziekushiyonniGuan Xi suruWen Ti ya, pure-suhorudanoLi Yong noyounawazurawashisagaWu inogaLi Dian dearu.

Mai meIp miSQLyaODBCnoPu Ji niyori, onraintoranzakushiyonChu Li Xiang kinoSQLakusesuFang Fa haQue Li saretaga, batsuchiChu Li Xing Neng Xiang Shang noBi Yao Xing gaQiu merareruyouninatsuta.

aruBiao (te-buru)noNei Rong woBian Ji shiteBie noBiao niGe Na suruDa Liang de-tanoGeng Xin Chu Li nadowode-tabe-suenzinNei Bu deChu Li puroguramuwoShi Xing shi, Ru Chu Li (I/O) nohotondowode-tabe-suNei Bu deWan Jie surukotoniyori, kuraiantoCe tonode-taTong Xin niyoruo-bahetsudowoXue Jian surukotodebatsuchiChu Li Xing Neng woXiang Shang saseru[sutoadopuroshi-ziya] gaKao eChu sareta.

sutoadopuroshi-ziyaha, Tong zikude-tabe-suNei Bu niDing Yi shi, de-tabe-suniFa Sheng shitaibentonoNei Rong niYing ziteRen Yi noChu Li woShi Xing suruJi Neng dearu[de-tabe-sutoriga] totomoni, Biao Zhun SQLShi Yang niCai Yong sare, SQL:1999 (SQL99) Gui Ge noYong Sok Ge Na moziyu-ru (SQL/PSM) toshiteBiao Zhun Hua sareta.

shikashi, Biao Zhun Hua sareruYi Qian karaGe Guan Xi de-tabe-suGuan Li shisutemu (RDBMS) benda-gade-tabe-suenzinNei Bu deZhi Yu Wen Fa woJi Shu shiShi Xing dekiruyouniDu Zi noKuo Zhang gaXing wareteitatame, sutoadopuroshi-ziyanoChu Li rozitsukuJi Shu Wen Fa hasoreYi Qian niBiao Zhun Hua saretaSQLWen Fa toBi Jiao shiteZhu shiiFei Hu Huan gaRen merarerutame, apurike-shiyonsohutoueanoYi Zhi Xing *Kai Fa Sheng Chan Xing *Bao Shou Xing woSun nauChang He gaaru.

Biao Zhun SQLnoSQL/PSMwoCai Yong shitaRDBMSwoYi Xia niJu geru. korerahaGai neShi Yang niZhun Ju shiteiruga, Shi Yang niDing merareteinaiBu Fen yaShi Zhuang Shang noLi You niyoriXi Bu nihaWei igaaru.

• SQL/PSM (DB2, MySQL)

Ge RDBMSbenda-niyoruBiao Zhun Yi Wai noDu Zi nopuroshi-ziyanihaYi Xia noyounamonogaaru. koreraniha, Du Zi Zhui Jia saretaZhi Yu Gou Wen dakedenaku, Ming Ling yade-taXing noFei Hu Huan moHan mutameZhu Yi gaBi Yao dearu.

• PL/SQL (Oracle, DB2)
• Transact-SQL (Adaptive Server Enterprise, Microsoft SQL Server)
• PL/pgSQL (PostgreSQL)
• PSQL (Firebird, InterBase)

SQLwoDui Hua De niShi Xing suruChang He , Guan Xi de-tabe-suGuan Li shisutemu (RDBMS) niFu Shu surukomandoraintaipunoakusesuyu-teiriteiwoLi Yong surunogaYi Ban De dearu. SQLWen woJi Shu shitatekisutohuairuwosukuriputotoshiteShi Xing shi, batsuchiDe niShi Xing surukotogaKe Neng namonomoari, Guang kuLi Yong sareteiru. RDBMSgotoni, sonoyu-teiriteiGu You noMing Ling woBei eteirumonomoarutame, de-tabe-suwoXi uapurike-shiyonsohutoueaKai Fa noChu Xin Zhe hasonoMing Ling mode-tabe-suenzingaJie Shi suruSQLWen Fa nohitotsudearutoJian Wei tsuteJue eteshimai, ODBCyaJDBCnadoAPIkaraSQLwoShi Xing shitatokinoera-noYuan Yin gaLi Jie dekizuniHun Luan surukotomoaru.

yu-teiriteiGu You noWen Fa deWu Jie shiyasuimononiha, de-tabe-sudeSQLWen noWen Mo niZhi Ding suruWen Zi dearu. Quan de-tabe-suGong Tong deha[;] , Oracle Database no yu-teiriteidearuSQL*Plusde, sutoadopuroshi-ziyanoDing Yi yaWu Ming PL/SQLburotsukuwoFa Xing surutokiniWen Mo Xing niZhi Ding suru[/] ya, Sybase/SQL Servernoisql/osqldehasubetenoSQLWen noWen Mo Xing niZhi Ding suru[GO] nadogaaru. kononakademotsutomoJian Wei eyasuinoga[;] dearu. koreha, Yi Ban De naSQLJiao Ke Shu demoGou Wen noZhong Duan Wen Zi toshiteLi gaJi Zai sareteiruga, Biao Zhun SQLnoGou Wen noZhong Duan Wen Zi dehanai.

de-tabe-suYan Yu SQLnoWen Fa noZhong Bie ha, Yi Xia no3tsuniDa Bie sareru.

• de-taDing Yi Yan Yu (DDL: data definition language)
• de-taCao Zuo Yan Yu (DML: data manipulation language)
• de-taZhi Yu Yan Yu (DCL: data control language)

sonoTa ni, koreranoMing Ling noShi Yong Fan Wei woBu Wan surutamenoJi Neng toshite, SQLWen woShi Xing Shi niJie Shi suru[Dong De SQL] ya, Mai meIp miSQLnotamenoMing Ling nadogaYong Yi sareteiru. Guan Xi de-tabe-suGuan Li shisutemu (RDBMS) Yi Qian node-tabe-suGuan Li shisutemu (DBMS) deha, korerahaBi zushimoTong Yi noYan Yu dehanakatsuta. de-taDing Yi Yan Yu haCun Zai sezunisubeteZhuan Yong nokomandoniparametawoZhi Ding shiteShi Xing suruShi Zhuang moCun Zai shita.

• CREATE (de-tabe-suobuziekuto(Biao , indetsukusu, Zhi Yue nado)noDing Yi )
• DROP (de-tabe-suobuziekutonoXue Chu )
• ALTER (de-tabe-suobuziekutonoDing Yi Bian Geng )

• INSERT INTO (Xing de-tamoshikuhaBiao de-tanoCha Ru )
• UPDATE ~ SET (Biao woGeng Xin )
• DELETE FROM (Biao karaTe Ding Xing noXue Chu )
• SELECT ~ FROM ~ WHERE (Biao de-tanoJian Suo , Jie Guo Ji He noQu riChu shi)
  • Hou Shu suru[Dong De SQL] denoSELECTWen niha, Yi Du noShi Xing de1Xing noJie Guo woQu De suru[Dan Yi Xing SELECTWen ] to, ka-soruniyoriFu Shu Xing noJie Guo woQu De suru[ka-soruSELECTWen ] gaaru.

Lie Ming toZhi wo, Dui deZhi Ding

Biao woGou Cheng surusubetenoLie niZhi woGe Na suruChang He ha, Lie Ming noJi Shu woSheng Lue Ke Neng

Ta Biao node-tawoJian Suo shiteGe Na

Geng Xin

Xue Chu

1Xing Yi Shang noJian Suo

1Xing dakenoJian Suo

Qu De Xing Shu woZhi Ding shitaJian Suo

• GRANT (Te Ding node-tabe-suLi Yong Zhe niTe Ding noZuo Ye woXing uQuan Xian woYu eru)
• REVOKE (Te Ding node-tabe-suLi Yong Zhe karasudeniYu etaQuan Xian woBo Duo suru)
• SET TRANSACTION (toranzakushiyonmo-donoShe Ding (Bing Xing toranzakushiyonnoFen Li reberu (ISOLATION MODE) nado))
• BEGIN (toranzakushiyonnoKai Shi )
• COMMIT (toranzakushiyonnoQue Ding )
• ROLLBACK (toranzakushiyonnoQu riXiao shi)
• SAVEPOINT (Ren Yi niro-rubatsukuDi Dian woShe Ding suru)
• LOCK (Biao nadonoZi Yuan woZhan You suru)

[ka-soru] toha, SELECTWen nadoniyorude-tabe-suJian Suo niyoruJian Suo Shi Xing noJie Guo wo1Xing zutsuQu De shiteChu Li surutameni, de-tabe-susa-baCe niaruJie Guo Ji He toXing Qu De Wei Zhi woShi suGai Nian woiu. ka-sorunoDing Yi tosonoCao Zuo ha, Zhu niapurike-shiyonpuroguramunadonoShou Sok kiXing Yan Yu karanoSQLShi Xing nioiteLi Yong suru.

• DECLARE CURSOR (ka-soruDing Yi )
• OPEN (ka-sorunoo-pun)
• FETCH (ka-sorunopointagaZhi shiShi suWei Zhi noXing de-tawoQu De shi, pointawoYi Xing Fen Jin meru. )
• UPDATE (ka-sorunopointagaZhi shiShi suWei Zhi noXing de-tawoGeng Xin suru)
• DELETE (ka-sorunopointagaZhi shiShi suWei Zhi noXing de-tawoXue Chu suru)
• CLOSE (ka-sorunokuro-zu)

*VKai Shi Zhi , VZhong Liao Zhi ha, Mai meIp miBian Shu aruihahosutoBian Shu toHu bare, Mai meIp miSQLnoChang He ha, puroguramuZhong noBEGIN DECLARE SECTION~ END DECLARE SECTIONnoJian deXuan Yan suru.

*ka-sorunoo-punQian ni, VKai Shi Zhi , VZhong Liao Zhi nihaZhi woShe Ding shiteoku.

Jian Suo Tiao Jian niHe Zhi shitaXing wosubeteQu riChu suniha, [de-tanashi] ninarumadeFETCHwoZao riFan su.

*VLie A, :VLie B, :VLie C ha, Mai meIp miBian Shu aruihahosutoBian Shu toHu bare, Mai meIp miSQLnoChang He ha, puroguramuZhong noBEGIN DECLARE SECTION~ END DECLARE SECTIONnoJian deXuan Yan suru.

Qu riChu shitaXing noGeng Xin Li

FETCHdeWei Zhi Fu ketaXing woGeng Xin suruniha, UPDATEWen deWHERE CURRENT OF ka-soruMing woZhi Ding suru.

*VLie CGeng Xin Zhi ha, Mai meIp miBian Shu aruihahosutoBian Shu toHu bare, Mai meIp miSQLnoChang He ha, puroguramuZhong noBEGIN DECLARE SECTION~ END DECLARE SECTIONnoJian deXuan Yan suru.

Qu riChu shitaXing noXue Chu Li

FETCHdeWei Zhi Fu ketaXing woXue Chu suruniha, DELETEWen deWHERE CURRENT OF ka-soruMing woZhi Ding suru.

ka-sorunokuro-zuLi

Dong De SQLha, Tong Chang SQLWen woRDBMSniDui shiteSong Xin noDu nide-tabe-suenzindeShi Xing Ke Neng naNei Bu Zhong Jian ko-doniFan Yi suruZuo Ye woShi Qian niXing ukotoniyotsute, Fan Yi Ji miSQLko-dowoZai Du Li Yong shiteSQLJie Xi noo-ba-hetsudowoXue Jian surukototo, SQLWen woso-suko-dodeGu Ding sezunide-tabe-suhenoakusesuMei niGou Wen woShu kiHuan etaiChang He ni, You Yong dearu. de-taCao Zuo Yan Yu (DML) momochironShi Xing dekiruga, de-taDing Yi Yan Yu (DDL) noyounide-tabe-suZhi Pin noJi Neng atsupuniyotsuteXin shiiMing Ling gaZhui Jia sarerumonoha, puripurosetsusanoDui Ying Zuo Ye gaZhong He ninarutame, hotondonode-tabe-suZhi Pin dehaDDLWen haDong De SQLniteShi Xing surukotogaYi Ban De tonatsuteiru.

• PREPARE (Wen Zi Lie deYu etaSQLWen woJie Xi *Fan Yi suru)
• EXECUTE (PREPAREdeFan Yi shitaSQLWen woShi Xing suru)

parametanashi
PREPARE PRESQL FROM 'DELETE FROM TBL1 WHERE CLMA=1'
|
EXECUTE PRESQL

parametaari(1Hui noPREPAREde, EXECUTEnoZao riFan shiShi Xing gaKe Neng )
PREPARE PRESQL FROM 'DELETE FROM TBL1 WHERE CLMA=? AND CLMB=?'
|
EXECUTE PRESQL USING :XCLMA,:XCLMB

motomotoka-soruha, Mai meIp miSQLdehosutoYan Yu (Mu Yan Yu )karaJie Guo Ji He woQu De surutameni, Du He noyoiFang Fa toshiteKao eraretamonodearu. de-tabe-sutoTong Xin surutamenoriso-sunoGe riDang teQue Bao yaJie Fang , 1Xing gotonihosutoYan Yu noru-puChu Li deQu De surutamenoMing Ling (FETCH) nadogaaru.

• ALLOCATE (DEALLOCATE) DESCRIPTOR (de-tabe-sutohosutoYan Yu (Mu Yan Yu )Jian denoTong Xin Ling Yu noQue Bao toJie Fang . )
• WHENEVER (era-Fa Sheng Shi noZhen ruWu iwoDing Yi )
• SQLSTATE (SQLWen Shi Xing Hou noZhuang Tai gaBao Cun sareruLing Yu )

SQLdeYong irareruLun Li Zhi ha, konpiyu-tanoShi Jie demotsutomoGuang kuLi Yong sareteiru2Zhi Lun Li (TRUE, FALSE) dehanaku, 3Zhi Lun Li (TRUE, FALSE, UNKNOWN) tonatsuteiru. 3Zhi Lun Li Zi Ti haGu kukaraCun Zai shi, Fortran nadoShu Zhi Ji Suan nioitehayokuYong irareru.

Oracle 9i Yi Lai CONNECT BY Gou Wen gasapo-tosareruyouninari, netsutowa-kuXing node-taGou Zao noChu Li gaQing kunatsuta. sunawachi, Zai Gui De naChu Li woXing usaini, hosutoCe gaZai Gui De naChu Li woFu Dan surutode-tasa-ba-tonotorahuitsukugaZeng Da shi, sonoJian hakomitsutosarerumadeTa nosa-bagade-tasa-ba-niakusesudekinaitoiuWen Ti gaatsuta. sorewoJie Xiao surutameni[de-tasa-ba-Nei deZai Gui De naChu Li woXing u] toiuapuro-chigaShi mirareta. tohaie, [SQL deZai Gui woShu ku] toiupuroguramahaZhen shigarareta.

• MySQL(o-punso-su, UNIX, Linux, WindowsDui Ying )
• PostgreSQL(o-punso-su, UNIX, Linux, WindowsDui Ying )
• Ingres(o-punso-su, UNIX, Linux, Windows, Mac OSDui Ying )
• SQLite(o-punso-su(paburitsukudomein), Biao Zhun noCYan Yu deShi Zhuang sareteoriZai konpairudearayuruHuan Jing niDui Ying )
• Firebird(o-punso-su, Linux, Windows, macOS , Solaris, HP-UXDui Ying )
• Oracle Database(puropuraietari, UNIX, Linux, WindowsDui Ying )
• Microsoft SQL Server(puropuraietari, WindowsDui Ying )
• IBM DB2 (puropuraietari, AS/400, z/OS, UNIX, Linux, WindowsDui Ying )
• IBM Informix Dynamic Server(puropuraietari, UNIX, Linux, WindowsDui Ying )
• Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise(puropuraietari, UNIX, Linux, WindowsDui Ying )
• InterBase(puropuraietari, Linux, Windows, Solaris, macOS Dui Ying )
• SQL/DS (VSE, VM/CMS)

• SQLYan Yu noKai Fa toRi Ben noGong Xian

• Guan Xi moderu
  • Guan Xi Dai Shu (Guan Xi moderu)
  • Guan Xi Lun Li
• SQLinziekushiyon
• domeinGu You Yan Yu
• Zheng Lie Fa
  • kuitsukuso-to
  • baburuso-to
• Bing Lie Yan Suan Chu Li

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