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grafa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: grafa and grafa

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse grafa ("to dig"), from Proto-Germanic *grabana, from Proto-Indo-European *ghrabh- ("to dig, scratch, scrape").

Verb

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grafa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative grof, third-person plural past indicative grofu, supine grafid)

  1. to dig
  2. to bury
    Synonym: greftra
  3. to engrave
    Synonym: skera
  4. to enquire
    Synonyms: grafast, spyrja
  5. (impersonal) to suppurate, fester
Conjugation
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grafa - active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnhattur ad grafa
supine sagnbot grafid
present participle
 grafandi
indicative
 subjunctive
present
 past
 present
 past
singular eg gref grof grafi graefi
thu grefur grofst grafir graefir
hann, hun, thad grefur grof grafi graefi
plural vid grofum grofum grofum graefum
thid grafid grofud grafid graefud
their, thaer, thau grafa grofu grafi graefu
imperative bodhattur
singular thu graf (thu), grafdu
plural thid grafid (thid), grafidi1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
grafast - mediopassive voice (midmynd)
infinitive nafnhattur ad grafast
supine sagnbot grafist
present participle
 grafandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
 subjunctive
present
 past
 present
 past
singular eg grefst grofst grafist graefist
thu grefst grofst grafist graefist
hann, hun, thad grefst grofst grafist graefist
plural vid grofumst grofumst grofumst graefumst
thid grafist grofust grafist graefust
their, thaer, thau grafast grofust grafist graefust
imperative bodhattur
singular thu grafst (thu), grafstu
plural thid grafist (thid), grafisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
grafinn -- past participle (lysingarhattur thatidar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		grafinn grafin grafid grafnir grafnar grafin
accusative
(tholfall) 		grafinn grafna grafid grafna grafnar grafin
dative
(thagufall) 		grofnum grafinni grofnu grofnum grofnum grofnum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		grafins grafinnar grafins grafinna grafinna grafinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		grafni grafna grafna grofnu grofnu grofnu
accusative
(tholfall) 		grafna grofnu grafna grofnu grofnu grofnu
dative
(thagufall) 		grafna grofnu grafna grofnu grofnu grofnu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		grafna grofnu grafna grofnu grofnu grofnu
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From the verb grafa ("to dig").

A modern excavator

Noun

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grafa f (genitive singular grofu, nominative plural grofur)

  1. an excavator, a digger; (large machine used to dig holes and trenches)
Declension
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Declension of grafa (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grafa grafan grofur grofurnar
accusative grofu grofuna grofur grofurnar
dative grofu grofunni grofum grofunum
genitive grofu grofunnar grafa grafanna
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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grafa

  1. indefinite genitive plural of grof

Irish

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Participle

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grafa

  1. past participle of graf ("write; draw, sketch; graph, plot, chart")

Noun

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grafa m sg

  1. genitive singular of grafadh

Noun

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grafa m pl

  1. vocative plural of graf ("graph, chart")

Mutation

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Mutated forms of grafa
radical lenition eclipsis
grafa ghrafa ngrafa

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Lithuanian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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grafa f (plural grafos) stress pattern 2[1]

  1. space between two vertical lines;[1] column[2]

Declension

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Declension of grafa
singular
(vienaskaita) 		plural
(daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas) grafa grafos
genitive (kilmininkas) grafos grafu
dative (naudininkas) grafai grafoms
accusative (galininkas) grafa grafas
instrumental (inagininkas) grafa grafomis
locative (vietininkas) grafoje grafose
vocative (sauksmininkas) grafa grafos

Synonyms

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References

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  1. | 1.0 1.1 Lietuviu kalbos zodynas (t. I-XX, 1941-2002): elektroninis variantas. Redaktoriu kolegija: Gertruda Naktiniene (vyr. redaktore), Jonas Paulauskas, Ritute Petrokiene, Vytautas Vitkauskas, Jolanta Zabarskaite. Programuotojai: Evaldas Ozeraitis, Vytautas Zinkevicius. - Vilnius: Lietuviu kalbos institutas, 2005 (atnaujinta versija, 2017). - http://www.lkz.lt. -ISBN
  2. ^ Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. -ISBN

Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *graib, *graibo ("branch, group of branches, thicket"), from Proto-Germanic *graibaz, *graibo ("branch, fork"), perhaps related to *gripana ("to grasp") and Ancient Greek khrimpto (khrimpto, "scratch, graze, wound").[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /'gra:.fa/, ['gra:.va]

Noun

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grafa m

  1. grove, copse

Declension

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Weak:

References

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  1. ^ Wood, F. A. (2020). Indo-European Ax : Axi : Axu: A Study in Ablaut and in Wordformation. Germany: De Gruyter, p. 111-12

Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *grabana.

Verb

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grafa

  1. to dig
  2. to bury
  3. to engrave
  4. to enquire (also in middle voice: grafask)
  5. (impersonal) to cause the formation of pus (in something); suppurate

Conjugation

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Conjugation of grafa -- active (strong class 6)
infinitive grafa
present participle grafandi
past participle grafinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular gref grof grafa groefa
2nd person singular grefr groft grafir groefir
3rd person singular grefr grof grafi groefi
1st person plural grofum grofum grafim groefim
2nd person plural grafid grofud grafid groefid
3rd person plural grafa grofu grafi groefi
imperative present
2nd person singular graf
1st person plural grofum
2nd person plural grafid
Conjugation of grafa -- mediopassive (strong class 6)
infinitive grafask
present participle grafandisk
past participle grafizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular grofumk grofumk grofumk groefumk
2nd person singular grefsk grofzk grafisk groefisk
3rd person singular grefsk grofsk grafisk groefisk
1st person plural grofumsk grofumsk grafimsk groefimsk
2nd person plural grafizk grofuzk grafizk groefizk
3rd person plural grafask grofusk grafisk groefisk
imperative present
2nd person singular grafsk
1st person plural grofumsk
2nd person plural grafizk
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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Zoega, Geir T. (1910), "grafa", in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Portuguese

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Verb

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grafa

  1. inflection of grafar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Scottish Gaelic

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Noun

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grafa m sg

  1. genitive singular of graf

Mutation

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Mutation of grafa
radical lenition
grafa ghrafa

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.