estimer
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
From Middle French estimer, from Old French estimer, a learned borrowing from Latin aestimare. Displaced inherited Old French esmer, which had become homonymous with aimer ("to love"). By Middle French times, it had entered the vernacular to some extent; accordingly the form etimer is attested in the 17th century, albeit rarely.
Pronunciation
[edit]| This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. Particularly: "Non-Parisian" |
Verb
[edit]estimer
- (transitive) to estimate, to calculate roughly
- (transitive) to esteem, to hold in high regard
- (transitive) to give some thought to, to consider
- (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of estimer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | estimer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | estimant /es.ti.ma/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | estime /es.ti.me/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j') | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estime /es.tim/2 |
estimes /es.tim/ |
estime /es.tim/ |
estimons /es.ti.mo/ |
estimez /es.ti.me/ |
estiment /es.tim/ |
| imperfect | estimais /es.ti.me/ |
estimais /es.ti.me/ |
estimait /es.ti.me/ |
estimions /es.ti.mjo/ |
estimiez /es.ti.mje/ |
estimaient /es.ti.me/ | |
| past historic3 | estimai /es.ti.me/ |
estimas /es.ti.ma/ |
estima /es.ti.ma/ |
estimames /es.ti.mam/ |
estimates /es.ti.mat/ |
estimerent /es.ti.meR/ | |
| future | estimerai /es.tim.Re/ |
estimeras /es.tim.Ra/ |
estimera /es.tim.Ra/ |
estimerons /es.tim.Ro/ |
estimerez /es.tim.Re/ |
estimeront /es.tim.Ro/ | |
| conditional | estimerais /es.tim.Re/ |
estimerais /es.tim.Re/ |
estimerait /es.tim.Re/ |
estimerions /es.ti.m@.Rjo/ |
estimeriez /es.ti.m@.Rje/ |
estimeraient /es.tim.Re/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior3 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j') | que tu | qu'il, qu'elle | que nous | que vous | qu'ils, qu'elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estime /es.tim/2 |
estimes /es.tim/ |
estime /es.tim/ |
estimions /es.ti.mjo/ |
estimiez /es.ti.mje/ |
estiment /es.tim/ |
| imperfect3 | estimasse /es.ti.mas/ |
estimasses /es.ti.mas/ |
estimat /es.ti.ma/ |
estimassions /es.ti.ma.sjo/ |
estimassiez /es.ti.ma.sje/ |
estimassent /es.ti.mas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect3 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | - | - | - | ||||
| simple | -- | estime /es.tim/ |
-- | estimons /es.ti.mo/ |
estimez /es.ti.me/ |
-- | |
| compound | -- | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | -- | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | -- | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 estime when inverted. | |||||||
3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- - Norwegian Bokmal: estimere
Further reading
[edit]- "estimer", in Tresor de la langue francaise informatise [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Anagrams
[edit]Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old French estimer, a learned borrowing from Latin aestimo, from Old Latin aestumo, from Proto-Italic *aistomao. Replaced inherited Old French esmer.
Pronunciation
[edit]| This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! |
| This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. |
Verb
[edit]estimer
Conjugation
[edit]- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of estimer
| infinitive | simple | estimer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | estimant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | estime | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i') | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estime | estimes | estime | estimons | estimez | estiment |
| imperfect | estimois, estimoys | estimois, estimoys | estimoit, estimoyt | estimions, estimyons | estimiez, estimyez | estimoient, estimoyent | |
| past historic | estima | estimas | estima | estimasmes | estimastes | estimerent | |
| future | estimerai, estimeray | estimeras | estimera | estimerons | estimerez | estimeront | |
| conditional | estimerois, estimeroys | estimerois, estimeroys | estimeroit, estimeroyt | estimerions, estimeryons | estimeriez, estimeryez | estimeroient, estimeroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i') | que tu | qu'il, qu'elle | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estime | estimes | estime | estimons | estimez | estiment |
| imperfect | estimasse | estimasses | estimast | estimassions | estimassiez | estimassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | - | - | - | ||||
| simple | -- | estime | -- | estimons | estimez | -- | |
| compound | -- | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | -- | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | -- | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Chateau [1995], Une esthetique nouvelle: Honore d'Urfe, correcteur de l'Astree, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Chateau [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- "estimer", in Tresor de la langue francaise informatise [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Norwegian Bokmal
[edit]Etymology
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
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| This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. |
Verb
[edit]estimer
- imperative of estimere
- (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- esmer (inherited)
Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin aestimare from the end of the 13th to the early 14th c.
Pronunciation
[edit]| This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some! |
| This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. |
Verb
[edit]estimer
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of estimer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | estimer | avoir estime | |||||
| gerund | en estimant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | estimant | ||||||
| past participle | estime | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | estim | estimes | estime | estimons | estimez | estiment |
| imperfect | estimoie, estimeie, estimoe, estimeve | estimoies, estimeies, estimoes, estimeves | estimoit, estimeit, estimot, estimeve | estimiiens, estimiens | estimiiez, estimiez | estimoient, estimeient, estimoent, estimevent | |
| preterite | estimai | estimas | estima | estimames | estimastes | estimerent | |
| future | estimerai | estimeras | estimera | estimerons | estimeroiz, estimereiz, estimerez | estimeront | |
| conditional | estimeroie, estimereie | estimeroies, estimereies | estimeroit, estimereit | estimeriiens, estimeriens | estimeriiez, estimeriez | estimeroient, estimereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu'il | que nos | que vos | qu'il | |
| simple tenses |
present | estim | estins | estint | estimons | estimez | estiment |
| imperfect | estimasse | estimasses | estimast | estimissons, estimissiens | estimissoiz, estimissez, estimissiez | estimassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | - | tu | - | nos | vos | - | |
| -- | estime | -- | estimons | estimez | -- | ||
Descendants
[edit]- Middle French: estimer
Further reading
[edit]- "estimer", in Tresor de la langue francaise informatise [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
- Frederic Godefroy (1880-1902), "estimer", in Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue francaise et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siecle [...], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Emile Bouillon, -OCLC.
- estimer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=estimer&oldid=87166713"
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