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dever

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Dever, dever, dever, dever, and dever

Galician

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Verb

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dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devim or devi, past participle devido, reintegrationist norm)

  1. reintegrationist spelling of deber

Conjugation

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Reintegrated conjugation of dever (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti / tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / voce) 		First-person
(nos) 		Second-person
(vos) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / voces)
Infinitive
Impersonal dever
Personal dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Gerund
devendo
Past participle
Masculine devido devidos
Feminine devida devidas
Indicative
Present devo deves deve devemos devedes, deveis devem
Imperfect devia devias devia deviamos deviades, devieis, deviais1 deviam
Preterite devim, devi deveste, deveche1 deveu devemos devestes deverom, deveram
Pluperfect devera deveras devera deveramos deverades, devereis, deverais1 deveram
Future deverei deveras devera deveremos deveredes, devereis deveram, deverao
Conditional deveria deverias deveria deveriamos deveriades, deverieis, deveriais1 deveriam
Subjunctive
Present deva devas deva devamos devades, devais devam
Imperfect devesse devesses devesse devessemos devessedes, devesseis devessem
Future dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Imperative
Affirmative deve deva devamos devede, devei devam
Negative (nom) nom devas nom deva nom devamos nom devades, nom devais nom devam

1Less recommended.

References

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  • "dever", in Dicionario Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014-2026

Ladino

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Etymology

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From Old Spanish dever, from Latin debeo, debere.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dever

  1. to have to
  2. should
  3. must
    • 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, "El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto...", in Salom[1]:
      Devemos de akodrar i azer akodrar de este kavzo, ke se finalizo kon 11 milyones de viktimas entre eyos 6 milyones de djudios, para luchar kontra el antisemitizmo i el rasizmo.
      We must remember and make others remember this event that ended with 11 million victims, among them 6 million Jews, to fight antisemitism and racism.

Noun

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dever m

  1. duty
    • 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, "El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto...", in Salom[2]:
      Ija de imigrantes djudios rusos ke aviyan sufriyido del aborresimyento i del antisemitizmo, se sintyo ke el aktivizmo sovre este sujeto era su dever.
      The daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants who had suffered from hatred and from antisemitism, she felt that activism on this subject was her duty.

Northern Kurdish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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dever f (Arabic spelling daeWaer)

  1. place, spot
  2. region, area

See also

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References

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  • Chyet, Michael L. (2003), "dever", in Kurdish-English Dictionary[3], with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 143

Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin debere ("to owe").

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dever

  1. (Gascony, Provencal, Limousin, Vivaro-alpine) to have to
  2. to owe

Conjugation

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Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simple compound
infinitive dever aver degut
gerund devent use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle degut --
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present devi deves deu devem devetz devon
imperfect deviai devias devia deviam deviatz devian
preterite degueri degueres deguet deguerem degueretz degueron
future deurai deuras deura deurem deuretz deuran
conditional deuriai deurias deuria deuriam deuriatz deurian
conditional 2nd form1
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present dega degas dega degam degatz degan
imperfect deguesse deguesses deguesse deguessem deguessetz deguesson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative -- tu -- nosautres vosautres --
deu degam devetz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Noun

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dever m (plural devers)

  1. duty, obligation
    Synonym: obligacion

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin debere ("to owe, to must").

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dever

  1. (transitive, intransitive) must; to have to

Descendants

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Further reading

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Old Leonese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin debere ("to owe, to must").

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dever

  1. (transitive, intransitive) must; to have to
    • 1017, Fuero de Leon:
      Nenguna muyer que uiuir en Leom non deue ser trayda a finir el pan del Rey sem so grado, senom fur sua sierua.
      No woman who lived in Leon should be brought to prepare the King's bread without his consent, unless she is a servant.
    • 1243, Arriendo de Nora a Nora:
      t dizemos que todo ome que uenga morar entre nos dientro la alfoz de Nora a nora. deue fazer el foro
      and we say that every man who comes to live among us within the territory of Nora to Nora, must make the forum
    • 1247, Fuero de Campumanes[4]:
      que cada uno de uso deuedes a dar cada uno anno al Obispo de Sant Saluador
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1275, "Piece of a testament"[5]:
      E mando que quanto en este testamento sie scripto que vala rodo e cada uno dello por cualquier guisa que testamento deue valer
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. to owe
    • 1275, "Piece of a testament"[6]:
      Et esto ye lo que yo devo a Thomas Perez 411 mar. de blancos. Et esto ye al que devo a auer de mios prestamos e otras debdas e otras cosas que tengo en mia casa sont duas collechas
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1282, "Pact between Oviedo and Aviles":
      saluo las deuedas que nuestros vezinos se deuen unos aotros que sse deuen pagar
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

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Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese dever, from Latin debere ("to owe").

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: de.ver

Verb

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dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devi, past participle devido)

  1. should (indicates that an action is considered by the speaker to be obligatory)
  2. ought (indicates that the subject of the sentence has some obligation to execute the sentence predicate.)
  3. will likely (indicates that the subject of the sentence is likely to execute the sentence predicate.)
    Deve chover.
    (It looks like) it's going to rain.
  4. owe (to be in debt.)

Conjugation
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Conjugation of dever (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / voce) 		First-person
(nos) 		Second-person
(vos) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / voces)
Infinitive
Impersonal dever
Personal dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Gerund
devendo
Past participle
Masculine devido devidos
Feminine devida devidas
Indicative
Present devo deves deve devemos deveis devem
Imperfect devia devias devia deviamos devieis deviam
Preterite devi deveste deveu devemos devestes deveram
Pluperfect devera deveras devera deveramos devereis deveram
Future deverei deveras devera deveremos devereis deverao
Conditional deveria deverias deveria deveriamos deverieis deveriam
Subjunctive
Present deva devas deva devamos devais devam
Imperfect devesse devesses devesse devessemos devesseis devessem
Future dever deveres dever devermos deverdes deverem
Imperative
Affirmative deve deva devamos devei devam
Negative (nao) nao devas nao deva nao devamos nao devais nao devam
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.

Descendants
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  • - Makalero: deue ("debt, to borrow")

Etymology 2

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Nominalization of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: de.ver

Noun

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dever m (plural deveres)

  1. duty (that which one is morally or legally obligated to do)
  2. (in the plural, dated) homework
    Synonyms: trabalho de casa, TPC
    Ja fizeste os teus deveres?
    Have you done your homework yet?
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:dever.

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish dwr (devir), from Arabic dawr (dawr).

Noun

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dever n (uncountable)

  1. total sales
Declension
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singular only indefinite definite
nominative-accusative dever deverul
genitive-dative dever deverului
vocative deverule

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Bulgarian dever (dever), from Proto-Slavic *dever'.

Noun

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dever m (plural deveri)

  1. (regional) in the country, a boy who welcomes the guests and serves them dishes at traditional weddings and also leads the wedding processional; (through extension) a person accompanying the bride
    Synonym: vornicel
Declension
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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative dever deverul deveri deverii
genitive-dative dever deverului deveri deverilor
vocative deverule deverilor
Alternative forms
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References

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Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dever', from Proto-Indo-European *dayh2wer. Compare Russian dever' (dever').

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dever/
  • Hyphenation: de.ver

Noun

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dever m anim (Cyrillic spelling dever) (Ekavian)

  1. brother-in-law (one's husband's brother)

Declension

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Declension of dever
singular plural
nominative dever deveri
genitive devera devera
dative deveru deverima
accusative devera devere
vocative deveru deveri
locative deveru deverima
instrumental deverom deverima

Spanish

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Verb

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dever (first-person singular present devo, first-person singular preterite devi, past participle devido)

  1. obsolete spelling of deber

Conjugation

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Conjugation of dever (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive dever
gerund deviendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular devido devida
plural devidos devidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tu
vos 		el/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present devo devestu
devesvos 		deve devemos deveis deven
imperfect devia devias devia deviamos deviais devian
preterite devi deviste devio devimos devisteis devieron
future devere deveras devera deveremos devereis deveran
conditional deveria deverias deveria deveriamos deveriais deverian
subjunctive yo tu
vos 		el/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present deva devastu
devasvos2 		deva devamos devais devan
imperfect
(ra) 		deviera devieras deviera devieramos devierais devieran
imperfect
(se) 		deviese devieses deviese deviesemos devieseis deviesen
future1 deviere devieres deviere devieremos deviereis devieren
imperative -- tu
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative devetu
devevos 		deva devamos deved devan
negative no devas no deva no devamos no devais no devan

1Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of dever

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive dever dative deverme deverte deverle, deverse devernos deveros deverles, deverse
accusative deverme deverte deverlo, deverla, deverse devernos deveros deverlos, deverlas, deverse
with gerund deviendo dative deviendome deviendote deviendole, deviendose deviendonos deviendoos deviendoles, deviendose
accusative deviendome deviendote deviendolo, deviendola, deviendose deviendonos deviendoos deviendolos, deviendolas, deviendose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative deve dative deveme devete devele devenos not used develes
accusative deveme devete develo, devela devenos not used develos, develas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative deve dative deveme devete devele devenos not used develes
accusative deveme devete develo, devela devenos not used develos, develas
with formal second-person singular imperative deva dative devame not used devale, devase devanos not used devales
accusative devame not used devalo, devala, devase devanos not used devalos, devalas
with first-person plural imperative devamos dative not used devamoste devamosle devamonos devamoos devamosles
accusative not used devamoste devamoslo, devamosla devamonos devamoos devamoslos, devamoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative deved dative devedme not used devedle devednos deveos devedles
accusative devedme not used devedlo, devedla devednos deveos devedlos, devedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative devan dative devanme not used devanle devannos not used devanles, devanse
accusative devanme not used devanlo, devanla devannos not used devanlos, devanlas, devanse