Atari ST

E seira upologiston Atari ST etan mia seira oikiakon/prosopikon upologiston pou parousiasteke apo ten Atari. Oi protoi upologistes tes seiras parousiastekan ton Iounio tou 1985^[1], eno e paragoge tous stamatese to 1993. To akronumio ST proerkhotan apo tis lexeis Sixteen/Thirty-two ^[2]: apo ta kharakteristika tou mikroepexergaste 68000 (16 bit data bus & 32 bit address bus). Diathetontas os epexergaste ton 68000 tes Motorola e seira ST apotelese mazi me ten Amiga te nea genia iskhuron oikiakon upologiston me exairetika graphika kai ekho. Oi ST etan oi protoi upologistes pou diethetan ensomatomeno MIDI kai ten antistoikhe thura. E arkhike stokheuse tou Atari ST sten agora etan o Macintosh tes Apple, gegonos pou tou prosedose to paratsoukli "Jacintosh", apo ton basiko skhediaste tou Tzak Tramiel (Jack Tramiel) proen iskhuro antra tes Commodore kai tote tes Atari. To leitourgiko sustema etan ena apo ta prota, basismena se graphika periballonta (TOS/GEM)^[3]. O iskhuros antagonismos metaxu tou ST kai tes Amiga ophelese semantika ten tekhnologia upologiston kai tis times, ostoso kateste moiraios gia tis etaireies pou ta paregagan (Atari kai Commodore). E arkhike time tou 520ST etan $799,99 me monokhrome othone kai $999,99 me egkhrome othone.

Ta elektronika kuklomata, mazi me tis thures epikoinonias kai ta magnetika mesa ensomatonontan sto plektrologio, diataxe sunethismene gia ten epokhe. E othone diatitheto xekhorista kai mporouse na einai eite mia othone upologiste e mia teleorase. Oi diastaseis tou koutiou etan 47 x 24 x 6 ekatosta. To trophodotiko kai enas odegos disketas 3,5 intson 360 KB, etan exoterika.

• Ole e seira ton ST eikhe os epexergaste melos tes oikogeneias tes Motorola 680X0. Pio sugkekrimena ta ST, STM Mega eikhan ton 16/32 bit 68000, eno ta TT kai Falcon diethetan ton 68030. E sukhnoteta leitourgias xekinouse apo ta 8 MEz sta prota montela, eno uperkhan ekdoseis sta 16 MHz (Falcon) kai sta 32 MHz (Falcon kai TT)
• Ta olokleromena kuklomata me ta onomata Shifter kai Glue analambanan os sunepexergastes te boetheia tou CPU sta graphika kai ton ekho.
• E basike mneme RAM etan 512 Kb (520) kai 1040Kb (1040). Sta teleutaia montela TT kai Falcon etan 2 kai 6 MB antistoikha.
• E mneme ROM etan sta 192 KB (mono oi protes ekdoseis ton 130 kai 260 ST diethetan 32 KB)
• Uperkhe dunatoteta topotheteses enos epipleon odegou disketas 3.5 intson.
• Sten epexergasia keimenou uposterize 40 e 80 steles kai 25 grammes
• Sta graphika uposterize analuseis: 320 X 200 eikonostoikheia (pixel) me 16 khromata, 640 Kh 200 me 4 khromata kai 640 Kh 400 se monokhromo periballon
• O diathesimos ekhos uposterizotan apo tria kanalia me 8 oktabes.
• Oi thures epikoinonias etan: exodos RGB, exodos RF gia teleorase (STm), 2 MIDI diepaphes, parallele thura (Centronics), seiriake thura (RS-232), kheiristerio (joystick), pontiki (mouse) kai thura gia exoteriko sklero disko. Telos uperkhe eidike thura epektases (Cardridge).

• 130 ST me 128 KB kai 260 ST me 512 KB. Ekdoseis me meiomena kharakteristika pou kuklophoresan meta ton 520 ST (mikrotere mneme : 128 KB RAM (130) kai 32 KB mneme ROM (130 kai 260)).
• 520 ST o protos tes seiras me ta kharakteristika pou anapherontai sta basika. 520 ST+ ekdose me 1 MB kai 520 STM (Modulator), me exodo gia teleorase, kharakteristiko pou paremeine se ola ta upoloipa montela.
• 520 / 1040 STf / STfm. To trophodotiko kai o exoterikos odegos disketas topothetountai mesa sten kentrike monada (to gramma f prosdiorizei ton ensomatomeno odego disketas). Orismenes metagenesteres ekdoseis diathetoun odego disketas diples opses (Double Side) me khoretikoteta 720 kB.
• 520 / 1040 STe. Beltiomene ekdose me kalutero tsip graphikon (Shifter), takhutere diakheirise mnemes, perissotera khromata (4.096) kai kalutero ekho. To leitourgiko anabathmizetai.
• Mega St. Mia perissotero epaggelmatike ekdose. To kentriko keluphos tou upologiste ginetai anexarteto apo to plektrologio pou pleon einai apospomeno. Se orismenes ekdoseis diatithetai skleros diskos 20 MB (SH 205) kai ektupotes tekhnologias Laser (SLM 804). Diathetei ensomatomeno roloi pou krata emeromenia kai ora me te boetheia mpatarias.
• MEGA STe. Prostithetai e dunatoteta ruthmises tes sukhnotetas tou mikroepexergaste sta 8 e 16 MHz. To leitourgiko sustema anabathmizetai.
• TT 030. O epexergastes einai pleon o pleros 32ampitos 68030. E mneme anerkhetai sta 2 MB epekteinomene sta 26. Oi analuseis anabathmizontai me perissotera khromata, eno e megiste analuse phtanei sta 1280 x 960 (khoris khromata). Stis teleutaies ekdoseis o odegos disketas uposterizei khoretikoteta 1,44 MB. Stis thures epikoinonias prostithetai treis RS-232, exodos VGA, exodos SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) kai ASCI (enas tupos SCSI), LocalTalk (uposterixe topikou diktuou), kai VME (sustema uposterixes plaketon tou 68000). E mneme ROM phthanei sta 512 KB. E khoretikoteta tou sklerou diskou phthanei sta 50 MB.
• Falcon. O teleutaios Atari tes seiras ST kuklophorei to 1992. E mneme anerkhetai pleon sta 4 MB epekteinomene sta 14. Paramenei o 68030, alla prostithetai kai ekdose me 32 MB mneme RAM. Ta uposterizomena kanalia ekhou einai pleon 8 stereophonika kai 16 bit. Uposterizei epipleon duo kheiristeria me psephiakes thures. Oi diathesimoi ensomatomenoi skleroi diskoi, analoga me ten ekdose, einai 44, 65 kai 80 MB. O Falcon uposterizei kai mathematiko sunepexergaste tes Motorola (68882).

• O Atari 520ST se plere sunthese.
• O 520 ST me ten plere suskeuasia tou.
• O Atari 1040ST se plere sunthese.
• E plagia opse me tis thures epikoinonias.
• To pontiki tou ST-2000.
• To parathuroeides leitourgiko GEM tou Atari se leitourgia.

• Commodore Amiga

• https://web.archive.org/web/20100211024426/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=20
• http://oldcomputers.net/atari520st.html

Oles oi sundeseis einai sta agglika

• Atarimania: Atari ST and compatibles software preservation project
• "The little green desktop"
• "Atari Museum: ST Section History Arkheiothetetheke 2014-12-11 sto Wayback Machine.
• YM-2149 MUSIC RECORDINGS
• Atari Gallery - Descriptions of the various ST models; courtesy of YesCREW
• The Atari section of the University of Michigan software archives.
• Ultimate TOS Software Index Arkheiothetetheke 2007-10-14 sto Wayback Machine.
• Atari powered start-up Arkheiothetetheke 2016-05-06 sto Wayback Machine.