In the development of economy, along with the role of the main production areas, infrastructure improvement has a significant importance. From this point of view the development of transport sector has a great role in the Autonomous Republic that has lived in the blockade since a long time. Mainly here automobile, air and railway transport services are used.

Automobile transport is a main type of transport used in passenger and cargo transportation within the Autonomous Republic. Most villages and district centers of the Autonomous Republic has been provided with bus routes.

In Strengthening ties with neighboring countries; the role of the automobile transport is major in passenger and cargo transportation. According to the contracts with the firms "Iqdirli Tourism" and "Can Iqdir" of Turkish Republic, passenger transportation is served to Istanbul, Antalya, Ankara, Izmir and other big cities of Turkey. With "Didari Seyri Giti" and " Nil Cesmi Qostar" transport companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran The contracts have been signed for transportation of passengers to Nakhchivan-Tabriz-Tehran,Nakhchivan-Urmiya and in the opposite directions.

In order to facilitate traffic with the main land of Azerbaijan,since the end of 2007 Nakhchivan-Baku-Nakhchivan bus routes operate regularly through the territory of Iran.

The development of automobile transport mainly depends on the state of existing roads. Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic Automobile Roads State Company controls 1473 kilometers automobile roads. 274 kilometers of these roads are republican significance, 1199 kilometers are local significance. Measures carried out in the direction of adjusting automobile roads to the international standards continue.

The transport connections between Nakhchivan and other countries in the exception of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran is possible with the air transport for being in the blockade .

Nakhchivan International Airport that began to be used in 2004 was built in compliance with the latest standards. At present, from this airport the airplanes are dispatched to Baku and Ganja cities of Azerbaijan. At the same time international passenger transport services have been provided through with the aircrafts flying Nakhchivan- Moscow, Baku-Nakhchivan-Istanbul and in the opposite direction.

Railway transport plays an important role in the Autonomous Republic. Along the Araz River, Baki-Yerevan railway line passes through 190 kilometers the territory of the Autonomous Republic. From the part that passing through of in the territory of Julfa of this railway line separates into the branch in the direction of the city of Tabriz of Iran Islamic Republic. The Result of aggressive policy of Armenia the railway line that connects the Autonomous Republic with Azerbaijan was completely cut off since the beginning of 1992.

Today the internal passenger transport is served in the direction of Nakhchivan-SHARUR and Nakhchivan-Ordubad.

In addition, the Nakhchivan-Tabriz and in the opposite direction the contract was signed with the Islamic Republic of Iran for the movement of freight and passenger trains.

Compared to 1995, in 2013 the cargo transportation increased 24.2 times and the passenger transportation increased 4.1 times in the transport sector of the Autonomous Republic.