ARM mimarisi
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| Tasarimci | |
|---|---|
| Bit | 32-bit, 64-bit |
| Tanitim | 1985 (40 yil once) (1985) |
| Tasarim | RISC |
| Acik | Kapali kaynak |
ARM mimarisi (orijinal adi Acorn RISC Machine) RISC tabanli bir islemci mimarisidir. Genel itibariyla dusuk guc tuketimi, diger RISC tabanli islemcilere gore yuksek performansli olusu ve x86-x64 islemcilere gore daha hesapli olmasindan dolayi gomulu sistemlerde, tasinabilir aygitlarda kullanilan yongasetlerinin dizayninda tercih edilir. 32 ve 64 bit modelleri bulunur.
ARM firmasi kendi basina islemci uretmez, ISA dizayni ve kullanim lisansi satar. Bu sebeple ayni nesil islemci farkli ureticilerden degistirilmis olarak cikabilir, bagli olarak da performans farkliliklari gorulur. Bu yuzden islemci nesilleri ve ozellikleri incelenirken ARM referans tasarimi ele alinir.
Tarihce
[degistir | kaynagi degistir]Acorn Computers Ltd tarafindan gelistirme projesi olarak ARM dizayni 1983 yilinda basladi.
Roger Wilson and Steve Furber liderliginde takim, gelismis bir MOS Technology 6502'sinin neye benzeyeceginin gelistirilmesine basladi. Acorn, 6502'sini temel aldigi icin programa benzer chip, sirket icin onemli bir avantaj sagladi.
Takim, ARM1 isimli gelistirilmis ornegi Nisan 1985[1]'te ve takip eden yilda ilk gercek urun olan ARM2'yi tamamladi. ARM2'nin goze carpan ozellikleri, 32-bit veriyolu, 26-bit address space, 64 Mbayt adres alani ve 16 adet 32-bitlik yazmac saglar. Bu yazmaclardan birtanesi program sayaci olarak kullanilir. Bu sayacin en fazla 6 bit'i ve en az 2 bit'i islemci durum gostergesi'ni tutar. 30,000 transistor ile yeryuzundeki en basit kullanisli 32-bit mikroislemcisi ARM2 islemcisidir. Bu basitligin cogu microkod bulundurmamasindan ve gunumuzun cogu islemcisinde oldugu gibi onbellek icermemesidir. Bu basitlik Intel 80286[kaynak belirtilmeli] islemcisinden hem daha iyi performans gosterirken hem de daha az guc kullanimi sagliyordu. ARM3, performansi daha fazla arttirmasini saglayan 4KB onbellek ile gelistirildi.
ARM6'nin ilk modeli 1991 yilinda piyasaya suruldu ve Apple, kendi Apple Newton PDA'lari icin temel olarak ARM6-based ARM 610'nu kullandi. 1994 yilinda, Acorn kendi Risc PC bilgisayarlarinda ana CPU olarak the ARM6-based ARM 610'nu kullandi.
ARM cekirdekleri
[degistir | kaynagi degistir]Bu basligin tamaminin ya da bir kisminin Turkceye cevrilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sayfanin tamami ya da bir kismi Turkce disindaki bir dilde yazilmistir. Madde, alakali dilin okuyuculari icin olusturulmussa o dildeki Vikipedi'ye aktarilmalidir. Ilgili degisiklikler gerceklesmezse maddenin tamaminin ya da cevrilmemis kisimlarin silinmesi sozkonusu olabilecektir. Ilgili calismayi yapmak uzere bu sayfadan destek alabilirsiniz |
| Aile | Mimari Versiyon | Cekirdek | Ozellik | Onbellek (I/D)/MMU | Tipik MIPS @ MHz | Yardimci uygulama |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARM1 | ARMv1 | ARM1 | Yok | ARM Evaluation System second processor for BBC Micro | ||
| ARM2 | ARMv2 | ARM2 | Architecture 2 added the MUL (multiply) instruction | Yok | 4 MIPS @ 8 MHz 0.33 DMIPS/MHz |
Acorn Archimedes, Chessmachine |
| ARMv2a | ARM250 | Integrated MEMC (MMU), Graphics and IO processor. Architecture 2a added the SWP and SWPB (swap) instructions. | Yok, MEMC1a | 7 MIPS @ 12 MHz | Acorn Archimedes | |
| ARM3 | ARMv2a | ARM2a | First use of a processor cache on the ARM. | 4K tumlesik | 12 MIPS @ 25 MHz 0.50 DMIPS/MHz |
Acorn Archimedes |
| ARM6 | ARMv3 | ARM60 | v3 architecture first to support addressing 32 bits of memory (as opposed to 26 bits) | Yok | 10 MIPS @ 12 MHz | 3DO Interactive Multiplayer, Zarlink GPS Receiver |
| ARM600 | As ARM60, cache and coprocessor bus (for FPA10 floating-point unit). | 4K tumlesik | 28 MIPS @ 33 MHz | |||
| ARM610 | As ARM60, cache, no coprocessor bus. | 4K tumlesik | 17 MIPS @ 20 MHz 0.65 DMIPS/MHz |
Acorn Risc PC 600, Apple Newton 100 series | ||
| ARM7 | ARMv3 | ARM700 | 8 KB tumlesik | 40 MHz | Acorn Risc PC prototype CPU card | |
| ARM710 | As ARM700 | 8 KB tumlesik | 40 MHz | Acorn Risc PC 700 | ||
| ARM710a | As ARM700 | 8 KB tumlesik | 40 MHz 0.68 DMIPS/MHz |
Acorn Risc PC 700, Apple eMate 300 | ||
| ARM7100 | As ARM710a, integrated SoC. | 8 KB tumlesik | 18 MHz | Psion Series 5 | ||
| ARM7500 | As ARM710a, integrated SoC. | 4 KB tumlesik | 40 MHz | Acorn A7000 | ||
| ARM7500FE | As ARM7500, "FE" Added FPA and EDO memory controller. | 4 KB tumlesik | 56 MHz 0.73 DMIPS/MHz |
Acorn A7000+ | ||
| ARM7TDMI | ARMv4T | ARM7TDMI(-S) | 3-stage pipeline, Thumb | Yok | 15 MIPS @ 16.8 MHz 63 DMIPS @ 70 MHz |
Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, iPod, Lego NXT, Atmel AT91SAM7, Juice Box, NXP Semiconductors LPC2000 and LH754xx |
| ARM710T | As ARM7TDMI, cache | 8 KB tumlesik, MMU | 36 MIPS @ 40 MHz | Psion Series 5mx, Psion Revo/Revo Plus/Diamond Mako | ||
| ARM720T | As ARM7TDMI, cache | 8 KB tumlesik, MMU with Fast Context Switch Extension | 60 MIPS @ 59.8 MHz | Zipit Wireless Messenger, NXP Semiconductors LH7952x | ||
| ARM740T | As ARM7TDMI, cache | MPU | ||||
| ARMv5TEJ | ARM7EJ-S | 5-stage pipeline, Thumb, Jazelle DBX, Enhanced DSP instructions | Yok | |||
| StrongARM | ARMv4 | SA-110 | 16 KB/16 KB, MMU | 203 MHz 1.0 DMIPS/MHz |
Apple Newton 2x00 series, Acorn Risc PC, Rebel/Corel Netwinder, Chalice CATS, Psion Netbook | |
| SA-1110 | As SA-110, integrated SoC | 16 KB/16 KB, MMU | 233 MHz | LART (computer), Intel Assabet, Ipaq H36x0, Balloon2, Zaurus SL-5x00, HP Jornada 7xx, Jornada 560 series, Palm Zire 31 | ||
| ARM8 | ARMv4 | ARM810[2] | 5-stage pipeline, static branch prediction, double-bandwidth memory | 8 KB unified, MMU | 84 MIPS @ 72 MHz 1.16 DMIPS/MHz |
Acorn Risc PC prototype CPU card |
| ARM9TDMI | ARMv4T | ARM9TDMI | 5-stage pipeline, Thumb | Yok | ||
| ARM920T | As ARM9TDMI, cache | 16 KB/16 KB, MMU | 200 MIPS @ 180 MHz | Armadillo, GP32,GP2X (first core), Tapwave Zodiac (Motorola i. MX1), Hewlet Packard HP-49/50 Calculators, Sun SPOT, Cirrus Logic EP9302, EP9307, EP9312, EP9315, Samsung S3C2442 (HTC TyTN, FIC Neo FreeRunner[3]) | ||
| ARM922T | As ARM9TDMI, caches | 8 KB/8 KB, MMU | NXP Semiconductors LH7A40x | |||
| ARM940T | As ARM9TDMI, caches | 4 KB/4 KB, MPU | GP2X (second core), Meizu M6 Mini Player[4][5] | |||
| ARM9E | ARMv5TE | ARM946E-S | Thumb, Enhanced DSP instructions, caches | variable, tightly coupled memories, MPU | Nintendo DS, Nokia N-Gage, Canon PowerShot A470, Conexant 802.11 chips | |
| ARM966E-S | Thumb, Enhanced DSP instructions | Onbellek yok, TCMs | ST Micro STR91xF, includes Ethernet[6] | |||
| ARM968E-S | As ARM966E-S | Onbellek yok, TCMs | NXP Semiconductors LPC2900 | |||
| ARMv5TEJ | ARM926EJ-S | Thumb, Jazelle DBX, Enhanced DSP instructions | Degisken, TCMs, MMU | 220 MIPS @ 200 MHz, | Mobile phones: Sony Ericsson (K, W series); Siemens and Benq (x65 series and newer); Texas Instruments OMAP1710, OMAP1610, OMAP1611, OMAP1612, OMAP-L137, OMAP-L138; Qualcomm MSM6100, MSM6125, MSM6225, MSM6245, MSM6250, MSM6255A, MSM6260, MSM6275, MSM6280, MSM6300, MSM6500, MSM6800; Freescale i.MX21, i.MX27, Atmel AT91SAM9, NXP Semiconductors LPC3000, GPH Wiz, Marvell Feroceon, NEC C10046F5-211-PN2-A SoC - undocumented core in the ATi Hollywood graphics chip used in the Wii,[7] Samsung S3C2412 used in Squeezebox Duet's Controller. NeoMagic MiMagic Family MM6, MM6+, MM8, MTV; Buffalo TeraStation Live (NAS); | |
| ARMv5TE | ARM996HS | Clockless processor, as ARM966E-S | Onbellek yok, TCMs, MPU | |||
| ARM10E | ARMv5TE | ARM1020E | 6-stage pipeline, Thumb, Enhanced DSP instructions, (VFP) | 32 KB/32 KB, MMU | ||
| ARM1022E | As ARM1020E | 16 KB/16 KB, MMU | ||||
| ARMv5TEJ | ARM1026EJ-S | Thumb, Jazelle DBX, Enhanced DSP instructions, (VFP) | Degisken, MMU ya da MPU | Western Digital MyBook II World Edition | ||
| XScale | ARMv5TE | 80200/IOP310/IOP315 | I/O Processor, Thumb, Enhanced DSP instructions | |||
| 80219 | 400/600 MHz | Thecus N2100 | ||||
| IOP321 | 600 BogoMips @ 600 MHz | Iyonix | ||||
| IOP33x | ||||||
| IOP34x | 1-2 core, RAID Acceleration | 32K/32K L1, 512K L2, MMU | ||||
| PXA210/PXA250 | Applications processor, 7-stage pipeline | PXA210: 133 and 200 MHz, PXA250: 200, 300, and 400 MHz | Zaurus SL-5600, iPAQ H3900, Sony CLIE NX60, NX70V, NZ90 | |||
| PXA255 | 32KB/32KB, MMU | 400 BogoMips @ 400 MHz; 371-533 MIPS @ 400 MHz[8] | Gumstix basix & connex, Palm Tungsten E2, Zaurus SL-C860, Mentor Ranger & Stryder, iRex ILiad | |||
| PXA263 | 200, 300 and 400 MHz | Sony CLIE NX73V, NX80V | ||||
| PXA26x | default 400 MHz, up to 624 MHz | Palm Tungsten T3 | ||||
| PXA27x | Applications processor | 32 KB/32 KB, MMU | 800 MIPS @ 624 MHz | Gumstix verdex, eSOM2704 Mayis 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi. PXA270 COM, HTC Universal, HP hx4700, Zaurus SL-C1000, 3000, 3100, 3200, Dell Axim x30, x50, and x51 series, Motorola Q, Balloon3, Trolltech Greenphone, Palm TX, Motorola Ezx Platform A728, A780, A910, A1200, E680, E680i, E680g, E690, E895, Rokr E2, Rokr E6, Fujitsu Siemens LOOX N560, Toshiba Portege G500, Treo 650-755p, Zipit Z2 | ||
| PXA800(E)F | ||||||
| Monahans | 32KB/32KB L1, TCM, MMU | 1000 MIPS @ 1.25 GHz | Samsung Omnia | |||
| PXA900 | Blackberry 8700, Blackberry Pearl (8100) | |||||
| IXC1100 | Control Plane Processor | |||||
| IXP2400/IXP2800 | ||||||
| IXP2850 | ||||||
| IXP2325/IXP2350 | ||||||
| IXP42x | NSLU2 IXP460/IXP465 | |||||
| ARM11 | ARMv6 | ARM1136J(F)-S[9] | 8-stage pipeline, SIMD, Thumb, Jazelle DBX, (VFP) | Degisken, MMU | 740 @ 532-665 MHz (i.MX31 SoC), 400-528 MHz | Texas Instruments OMAP2420 (Nokia E90, Nokia N93, Nokia N95, Nokia N82), Zune, BUGbase[1]19 Mayis 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi., Nokia N800, Nokia N810, Qualcomm MSM7200 (with integrated ARM926EJ-S Coprocessor@274 MHz, used in Eten Glofiish, HTC TyTN II, HTC Nike), Freescale i.MX31 (used in the original Zune 30gb and Toshiba Gigabeat S), Freescale MXC300-30 (Nokia E63, Nokia E71, Nokia 5800, Nokia E51, Nokia E75, Nokia N97, Nokia N81), Qualcomm MSM7201A as seen in the HTC Dream. Motorola Z6. HTC Hero |
| ARMv6T2 | ARM1156T2(F)-S | 9-stage pipeline, SIMD, Thumb-2, (VFP) | Degisken, MPU | |||
| ARMv6KZ | ARM1176JZ(F)-S | As ARM1136EJ(F)-S | Degisken, MMU+TrustZone | Apple iPhone, Apple iPod touch, Conexant CX2427X, Motorola RIZR Z8, Motorola RIZR Z10, NVIDIA GoForce 6100[10] | ||
| ARMv6K | ARM11 MPCore | As ARM1136EJ(F)-S, 1-4 core SMP | Degisken, MMU | Nvidia APX 2500 | ||
| Cortex | ARMv7-A | Cortex-A8 | Application profile, VFP, NEON, Jazelle RCT, Thumb-2, 13-stage superscalar pipeline | Degisken (L1+L2), MMU+TrustZone | up to 2000 (2.0 DMIPS/MHz in speed from 600 MHz to greater than 1 GHz) | Texas Instruments OMAP3xxx series, SBM7000, Oregon State University OSWALD, Gumstix Overo Earth, Pandora, Archos 5, FreeScale i.MX51-SOC, BeagleBoard, Apple iPhone 3GS, Palm Pre, Samsung i8910, Sony Ericsson Satio, Touch Book, Nokia N900. |
| Cortex-A9 | Application profile, (VFP), (NEON), Jazelle RCT and DBX, Thumb-2, Out-of-order speculative issue superscalar | MMU+TrustZone | 2.0 DMIPS/MHz | |||
| Cortex-A9 MPCore | As Cortex-A9, 1-4 core SMP | MMU+TrustZone | 2.0 DMIPS/MHz (per core) | Texas Instruments OMAP4430/4440 ; "Sparrow" (planned)[11][12] | ||
| ARMv7-R | Cortex-R4(F) | Embedded profile, Thumb-2, (FPU) | Degisken onbellek, MPU optional | 600 DMIPS @ ~375 MHz | Broadcom is a user, TMS570 from Texas Instruments | |
| ARMv7-M | Cortex-M3 | Microcontroller profile, Thumb-2 only. | Onbellek yok, MPU opsiyonel | 125 DMIPS @ 100 MHz | Energy Micro's EFM32, Luminary Micro microcontroller family, ST Microelectronics STM3217 Mayis 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi., NXP Semiconductors LPC1700, Toshiba TMPM330FDFG14 Haziran 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi., Ember's EM300 Series | |
| ARMv6-M | Cortex-M0 (kod adi "Swift")[13] | Microcontroller profile, Thumb-2 (16-bit Thumb instructions & BL, MRS, MSR, ISB, DSB, and DMB). | Onbellek yok. | 0.9 DMIPS/MHz | NXP Semiconductors NXP LPC1100,[13] Triad Semiconductor,[14] Melfas[15] | |
| Cortex-M1 | FPGA targeted, Microcontroller profile, Thumb-2 (16-bit Thumb instructions & BL, MRS, MSR, ISB, DSB, and DMB). | Yok, siki bagli bellek secenekleri. | Up to 136 DMIPS @ 170 MHz[16] (0.8 DMIPS/MHz,[17] MHz achievable FPGA-dependent) | Actel ProASIC3, ProASIC3L, IGLOO and Fusion PSC devices7 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi., Altera Cyclone III, other FPGA products are also supported e.g. Synplicity
[18] | ||
| Aile | Mimari versiyon | Cekirdek | Ozellik | Onbellek (I/D)/MMU | Tipik MIPS @ MHz | Yardimci uygulama |
Tasarim notlari
[degistir | kaynagi degistir]Tasarimin acik, basit ve hizli olabilmesi icin Acorn microbilgisayarlarinda kullanilan 8-bit 6502 islemcisine benzer bir sekilde mikrokod barindirmayacak sekilde gelistirildi.
ARM Mimarisi, asagida belirtilen RISC ozellikleri icerir:
- Load-store mimarisi
- Yanlis hafiza erisimlerine karsi destegi yok. (ARMv6 cekirdeklerinde destekleniyor.)
- Genis 16 x 32-bit yazmac dosyasi
Intel 80286 ve Motorola 68020 islemcilerindeki gibi bazi bilindik tasarim ozellikleri kullanildi:
- Guclu indeksleme,
- Basit ama hizli 2-oncelikli-bolum kesme altsistemi,
- Aritmetik yonergelerde ve adres hesaplamalarinda performans sorunu olmadan 32-bit barrel shifter
Her yonergenin oncesinde 4-bit condition code'u kullanmasi ARM tasarimina ilginc bir eklemedir.
Hafiza erisim talimatlarinda yerini almalar oldugu icin bu kesmeler, onemli sekilde gecerli bitlerin kodlanmasini ...., fakat obur taraftan da kucuk if kosullari icin kodlar olusturulurken dallanma talimatlarindan kacinilir. Euclid'in Euclidean algorithm ornegi en bilinen ve standart ornektir:
C programlama dilinde, dongu:
int gcd (int i, int j){
while (i != j)
{
if (i > j)
i -= j;
else
j -= i;
}
return i;
}
ARM assembly dilinde, dongu:
loop CMP Ri, Rj; set condition "NE" if (i != j); "GT" if (i > j),
; or "LT" if (i < j)
SUBGT Ri, Ri, Rj; if "GT", i = i-j;
SUBLT Rj, Rj, Ri; if "LT", j = j-i;
BNE loop; if "NE", then loop
then ve else yantumcelerinde dallanmalardan kacinilir.
Komut kumelerinin baska tek ozelligi de kaydirma ve dondurmeleri "veri islemleri" (aritmetik, mantiksal ve yazmac-yazmac hareketi) komutlarina baglayabilmesidir. Ornegin C dilinde
a += (j << 2);
Arm islemcisinde tek cevrim komutu ve tek bir kelimeymis gibi donusturulur.
ADD Ra, Ra, Rj, LSL #2
Tipik Arm programinda bu sonuc beklenenden daha az hafiza erisimi ve boru hattinin daha verimli kullanilmasini saglar. ARM islemcisinin yavas hizla calistigi dusunulmesine karsin daha gelismis islemciler ile yine de yarisabilir durumdadir.
ARM lisanslari
[degistir | kaynagi degistir]ARM lisanslarini elinde tutan bazi firmalar: Analog Devices, Atmel, Broadcom, Cirrus Logic, Faraday technology, IBM, Infineon Technologies, Nintendo, NXP Semiconductors (spun off from Philips in 2006), OKI, Samsung, Sharp, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments ve VLSI
Yaklasik lisans bedeli
[degistir | kaynagi degistir]2.45 milyar unitenin lisanslama sonucu,[19] ARM'nin yillik raporuna gore lisans bedeli toplam 164.1 milyon Amerikan Dolari'dir. Bu yaklasik unite basina 0.067 Amerikan dolarina denk gelir. Tum cekirdeklerin ortalamasi olmasina karsin pahali ve ucuz eski cekirdekleri de buna dahildir.
Kaynakca
[degistir | kaynagi degistir]- ^ "Some facts about the Acorn RISC Machine" 10 Subat 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi. Roger Wilson posting to comp.arch, Nov 2 1988, Accessed 25 May 2007.
- ^ "ARM810 - Dancing to the Beat of a Different Drum" 10 Eylul 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi. ARM Limited presentation at Hot Chips 8, 1996.
- ^ "Neo1973: GTA01Bv4 versus GTA02 comparison". 20 Kasim 2015 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 15 Kasim 2007.
- ^ "Rockbox Samsung SA58xxx series". 20 Temmuz 2008 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 22 Subat 2008.
- ^ "Rockbox Meizu M6 Port - Hardware Information". 12 Mayis 2008 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 22 Subat 2008.
- ^ "STR9 - STR912 - STR912FW44 microcontroller - documents and files download page". Mcu.st.com. 27 Eylul 2007 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 18 Nisan 2009.
- ^ Starlet 10 Ekim 2018 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi..
- ^ "Benchmarks - Albatross". Albatross-uav.org. 18 Haziran 2005. 6 Temmuz 2010 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 18 Nisan 2009.
- ^ "ARM1136J(F)-S - ARM Processor". Arm.com. 11 Ocak 2010 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 18 Nisan 2009.
- ^ "GoForce 6100". Nvidia.com. 20 Kasim 2015 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 18 Nisan 2009.
- ^ Clarke, Peter (3 Subat 2009). "ARM tips plans for Swift and Sparrow processor cores". EE Times. 13 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 18 Nisan 2009.
- ^ Segan, Sascha (9 Nisan 2009). "ARM's Multicore Chips Aim for Netbooks". PC Magazine. 20 Kasim 2015 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 18 Nisan 2009.
- ^ a b Walko, John (23 Mart 2009). "NXP first to demo ARM Cortex-M0 silicon". EE Times. 15 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 29 Haziran 2009.
- ^ "Arsivlenmis kopya". 16 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 3 Eylul 2009.
- ^ "Arsivlenmis kopya". 16 Agustos 2011 tarihinde kaynagindan arsivlendi. Erisim tarihi: 3 Eylul 2009.
- ^ "ARM Extends Cortex Family with First Processor Optimized for FPGA" 5 Mayis 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi., ARM press release, March 19 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2007.
- ^ "ARM Cortex-M1" 1 Nisan 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi., ARM product website. Retrieved April 11, 2007.
- ^ ARM Extends Cortex Family with First Processor Optimized for FPGA 5 Mayis 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi..
- ^ "Business review/Financial review/IFRS", p. 10, ARM annual report and accounts, 2006 22 Aralik 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arsivlendi.. Retrieved May 7 2007