SQLite triggers

I wrote a Python script, triggers.py, to help me understand what data is available to SQLite triggers for which operations.

SQLite triggers are documented here. The key triggers are before and after for insert, update and delete. I have not explored instead of triggers yet, since those only apply to SQL views.

This section shows the output of running my triggers.py script. The triggers it uses are displayed at the bottom of the page.

create table no_pk (value text)
create table single_pk (id integer primary key, value text)
create table compound_pk (id1 integer, id2 integer, value text, primary key (id1, id2))

insert into no_pk (value) values (?) ('no_pk_value',)
before insert on no_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"value": "no_pk_value"
}
}
after insert on no_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"value": "no_pk_value"
}
}

insert into single_pk (id, value) values (?, ?) (1, 'single_pk_value')
before insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value"
}
}
after insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value"
}
}

insert or ignore:

insert or ignore into single_pk (id, value) values (?, ?) (1, 'single_pk_value_ignored')
before insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_ignored"
}
}

insert or ignore into single_pk (id, value) values (?, ?) (2, 'single_pk_value_not_ignored')
before insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 2,
"value": "single_pk_value_not_ignored"
}
}
after insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 2,
"value": "single_pk_value_not_ignored"
}
}

insert or replace:

insert or replace into single_pk (id, value) values (?, ?) (1, 'single_pk_value')
before insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value"
}
}
after insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value"
}
}

insert or replace into single_pk (id, value) values (?, ?) (1, 'single_pk_value_replaced')
before insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_replaced"
}
}
after insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_replaced"
}
}

insert ... on conflict set (aka upsert):

insert into single_pk (id, value) values (?, ?) on conflict(id) do update set value=? (1, 'conflict_value', 'updated_on_conflict')
before insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "conflict_value"
}
}
before update on single_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "updated_on_conflict"
},
"old": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_replaced"
}
}
after update on single_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "updated_on_conflict"
},
"old": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_replaced"
}
}

insert into single_pk (id, value) values (?, ?) on conflict(id) do update set value=? (3, 'new_value', 'this_wont_be_used')
before insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 3,
"value": "new_value"
}
}
after insert on single_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id": 3,
"value": "new_value"
}
}

insert into compound_pk (id1, id2, value) values (?, ?, ?) (1, 2, 'compound_pk_value')
before insert on compound_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value"
}
}
after insert on compound_pk:
{
"action": "insert",
"new": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value"
}
}

update no_pk set value = ? where rowid = ? ('no_pk_value_updated', 1)
before update on no_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"value": "no_pk_value_updated"
},
"old": {
"value": "no_pk_value"
}
}
after update on no_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"value": "no_pk_value_updated"
},
"old": {
"value": "no_pk_value"
}
}

update single_pk set value = ? where id = ? ('single_pk_value_updated', 1)
before update on single_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_updated"
},
"old": {
"id": 1,
"value": "updated_on_conflict"
}
}
after update on single_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_updated"
},
"old": {
"id": 1,
"value": "updated_on_conflict"
}
}

update compound_pk set value = ? where id1 = ? and id2 = ? ('compound_pk_value_updated', 1, 2)
before update on compound_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value_updated"
},
"old": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value"
}
}
after update on compound_pk:
{
"action": "update",
"new": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value_updated"
},
"old": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value"
}
}

delete from no_pk where rowid = ? (1,)
before delete on no_pk:
{
"action": "delete",
"old": {
"value": "no_pk_value_updated"
}
}
after delete on no_pk:
{
"action": "delete",
"old": {
"value": "no_pk_value_updated"
}
}

delete from single_pk where id = ? (1,)
before delete on single_pk:
{
"action": "delete",
"old": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_updated"
}
}
after delete on single_pk:
{
"action": "delete",
"old": {
"id": 1,
"value": "single_pk_value_updated"
}
}

delete from compound_pk where id1 = ? and id2 = ? (1, 2)
before delete on compound_pk:
{
"action": "delete",
"old": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value_updated"
}
}
after delete on compound_pk:
{
"action": "delete",
"old": {
"id1": 1,
"id2": 2,
"value": "compound_pk_value_updated"
}
}

The triggers it uses

CREATE TRIGGER no_pk_bi
before insert on no_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before insert', 'no_pk', json_object('action', 'insert', 'new', json_object('value', NEW.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER no_pk_ai
after insert on no_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after insert', 'no_pk', json_object('action', 'insert', 'new', json_object('value', NEW.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER no_pk_bu
before update on no_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before update', 'no_pk', json_object('action', 'update', 'new', json_object('value', NEW.value), 'old', json_object('value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER no_pk_au
after update on no_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after update', 'no_pk', json_object('action', 'update', 'new', json_object('value', NEW.value), 'old', json_object('value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER no_pk_bd
before delete on no_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before delete', 'no_pk', json_object('action', 'delete', 'old', json_object('value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER no_pk_ad
after delete on no_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after delete', 'no_pk', json_object('action', 'delete', 'old', json_object('value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER single_pk_bi
before insert on single_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before insert', 'single_pk', json_object('action', 'insert', 'new', json_object('id', NEW.id, 'value', NEW.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER single_pk_ai
after insert on single_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after insert', 'single_pk', json_object('action', 'insert', 'new', json_object('id', NEW.id, 'value', NEW.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER single_pk_bu
before update on single_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before update', 'single_pk', json_object('action', 'update', 'new', json_object('id', NEW.id, 'value', NEW.value), 'old', json_object('id', OLD.id, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER single_pk_au
after update on single_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after update', 'single_pk', json_object('action', 'update', 'new', json_object('id', NEW.id, 'value', NEW.value), 'old', json_object('id', OLD.id, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER single_pk_bd
before delete on single_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before delete', 'single_pk', json_object('action', 'delete', 'old', json_object('id', OLD.id, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER single_pk_ad
after delete on single_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after delete', 'single_pk', json_object('action', 'delete', 'old', json_object('id', OLD.id, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER compound_pk_bi
before insert on compound_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before insert', 'compound_pk', json_object('action', 'insert', 'new', json_object('id1', NEW.id1, 'id2', NEW.id2, 'value', NEW.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER compound_pk_ai
after insert on compound_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after insert', 'compound_pk', json_object('action', 'insert', 'new', json_object('id1', NEW.id1, 'id2', NEW.id2, 'value', NEW.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER compound_pk_bu
before update on compound_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before update', 'compound_pk', json_object('action', 'update', 'new', json_object('id1', NEW.id1, 'id2', NEW.id2, 'value', NEW.value), 'old', json_object('id1', OLD.id1, 'id2', OLD.id2, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER compound_pk_au
after update on compound_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after update', 'compound_pk', json_object('action', 'update', 'new', json_object('id1', NEW.id1, 'id2', NEW.id2, 'value', NEW.value), 'old', json_object('id1', OLD.id1, 'id2', OLD.id2, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER compound_pk_bd
before delete on compound_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('before delete', 'compound_pk', json_object('action', 'delete', 'old', json_object('id1', OLD.id1, 'id2', OLD.id2, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

CREATE TRIGGER compound_pk_ad
after delete on compound_pk
for each row
begin
insert into log (trigger_name, table_name, details)
values ('after delete', 'compound_pk', json_object('action', 'delete', 'old', json_object('id1', OLD.id1, 'id2', OLD.id2, 'value', OLD.value)));
end;

Rebuilding this page

This page uses Cog to include the output of the triggers.py script. To rebuild this page after modifying the script, run this:

cog -P -r sqlite-triggers.md

Created 2025-05-09T22:16:01-07:00, updated 2025-05-09T22:23:54-07:00 * History * Edit