GitHub

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GitHub
URL github.com (angl.)
Kommercheskii da
Tip saita internet-servis[vd], veb-interfeis repozitoriia[vd], arkhiv dannykh[vd], postavshchik identifikatsii, veb-prilozhenie, sluzhba khostinga repozitoriia[vd], veb-interfeis repozitoriia[vd], sotsial'naia set', kraudsorsingovyi proekt[vd], sistema otslezhivaniia zaiavok[vd], code reviewing software[vd], viki-dvizhok, sistema nepreryvnoi integratsii[vd] i internet-soobshchestvo
Registratsiia neobiazatel'na dlia prosmotra
Iazyki angliiskii[1], ranee mnogoiazychnyi[2]
Vladelets GitHub Inc.[vd]
Sozdateli Kris Vanstras, Pi Dzhei Khaiett i Tom Preston-Verner
Nachalo raboty aprel' 2008 goda[3]
Tekushchii status rabotaet
Strana
Mediafaily na Vikisklade

GitHub -- krupneishii[4] veb-servis dlia khostinga IT-proektov i ikh sovmestnoi razrabotki.

GitHub -- veb-servis, osnovannyi na sisteme kontrolia versii Git i razrabotan na Ruby on Rails[5] i Erlang kompaniei GitHub, Inc (ranee Logical Awesome)[6]. Servis besplaten dlia proektov s otkrytym iskhodnym kodom i (s 2019 goda) nebol'shikh chastnykh proektov, predostavliaia im vse vozmozhnosti (vkliuchaia SSL[7]), a dlia krupnykh korporativnykh proektov predlagaiutsia razlichnye platnye tarifnye plany[8].

Slogan servisa -- <>, na russkii mozhno perevesti kak <>. Na futbolkakh zhe pechataiut sovsem druguiu frazu: <> (<>)[9]. S odnoi storony, ona sozvuchna s angloiazychnym rugatel'stvom i namekaet na neformal'nuiu atmosferu. S drugoi, eti slova napominaiut, chto sozdavat' novye forki s Git mozhno legko i bezboleznenno -- traditsionno, k sozdaniiu vetok razrabotchiki proektov s otkrytym iskhodnym kodom otnosiatsia negativno[10] -- a takzhe sozvuchna nazvaniiu odnoi iz vozmozhnostei GitHub -- ocheredi forkov[11].

Talismanom GitHub vybran os'mikot (angl. octocat), kotoryi, vopreki rasprostranionnomu zabluzhdeniiu, ne imeet otnosheniia k korotkometrazhke <>, a prosto byl naiden Tomom Preston-Vernerom na servise iStock[angl.][12].

4 iiunia 2018 goda Microsoft kupila GitHub za 7,5 mlrd dollarov[13][14][15].

Vozmozhnosti

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Sozdateli saita nazyvaiut GitHub <<sotsial'noi set'iu dlia razrabotchikov>>.

Krome razmeshcheniia koda, uchastniki mogut obshchat'sia, kommentirovat' pravki drug druga, a takzhe sledit' za novostiami znakomykh.

S pomoshch'iu shirokikh vozmozhnostei Git programmisty mogut ob'ediniat' svoi repozitorii -- GitHub predlagaet udobnyi interfeis dlia etogo i mozhet otobrazhat' vklad kazhdogo uchastnika v vide dereva.

Dlia proektov est' lichnye stranitsy, nebol'shie Viki i sistema otslezhivaniia oshibok.

Priamo na saite mozhno prosmotret' faily proektov s podsvetkoi sintaksisa dlia bol'shinstva iazykov programmirovaniia.

  • Mozhno sozdavat' privatnye repozitorii, kotorye budut vidny tol'ko vam i vybrannym vami liudiam. Ran'she takaia vozmozhnost' byla platnoi.
  • Est' vozmozhnost' priamogo dobavleniia novykh failov v svoi repozitorii cherez veb-interfeis servisa[16].
  • Kod proektov mozhno ne tol'ko skopirovat' cherez Git, no i skachat' v vide obychnykh arkhivov s saita.
  • Krome Git, servis podderzhivaet poluchenie i redaktirovanie koda cherez SVN[17][18] i Mercurial[19].
  • Na saite est' pastebin-servis gist.github.com dlia bystroi publikatsii fragmentov koda.
  • Faily iz repozitoriia mogut avtomaticheski publikovat'sia v vide staticheskogo saita s pomoshch'iu GitHub Pages.

Ranee Ruby-proekty mogli byt' avtomaticheski opublikovany v RubyGems-repozitorii servisa, no v oktiabre 2009 GitHub otkazalsia ot etogo servisa[20].

V 2019 godu byl zapushchen servis GitHub Packages[21], pozvoliaiushchii publikovat' priamo na GitHub pakety RubyGems, NuGet, npm, Maven, a takzhe obrazy Docker[22].

V tom zhe godu sostoialsia reliz sistemy avtomatizatsii GitHub Actions[23]. Pomimo standartnykh vozmozhnostei CI/CD, takikh kak sborka, testirovanie i publikatsiia koda, servis predlagaet tesnuiu integratsiiu s drugimi funktsiiami GitHub, a takzhe pozvoliaet vzaimodeistvovat' so storonnimi servisami[24]. Razrabotchiki mogut publikovat' pereispol'zuemye moduli (actions), realizuiushchie chasto ispol'zuemye stsenarii. Servis predostavliaetsia besplatno dlia publichnykh repozitoriev.

GitHub ogranichivaet perechen' vozmozhnostei dlia pol'zovatelei, prozhivaiushchikh v stranakh i regionakh, na kotorye rasprostraniaiutsia amerikanskie ogranicheniia i sanktsii, takikh kak Rossiia, Krym, Kuba, Iran, Severnaia Koreia i Siriia[25].

Populiarnost'

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Pervyi chastnyi repozitorii byl sozdan 12 ianvaria 2008. K kontsu 2011 goda v proekte uzhe bylo zaregistrirovano bolee milliona pol'zovatelei[26] i bolee dvukh millionov repozitoriev[27]. Po sostoianiiu na mart 2017 goda na saite sushchestvovalo bolee 58 millionov repozitoriev[28].

V kontse 2008 goda GitHub poluchil nagradu kak <startap-debiut>>[29].

Na GitHub raspolagaetsia kopiia[30] iskhodnogo koda iadra Linux[31].

Mnogie krupnye IT-kompanii razmeshchaiut svoi ofitsial'nye repozitorii na etom servise[32]:

Na GitHub razmeshchaiut svoi otkrytye proekty federal'nye agentstva SShA[40].

Primechaniia

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  1. | GitHub will switch to English-only on Friday, May 20, 2011
  2. | GitHub in your language . Data obrashcheniia: 21 iiulia 2010. Arkhivirovano 19 iiulia 2010 goda.
  3. | <> Arkhivnaia kopiia ot 12 marta 2015 na Wayback Machine // GitHub Blog
  4. | GitHub Dominates the Forges -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 5 iiulia 2011. Arkhivirovano 21 aprelia 2014 goda.
  5. | Ruby on Rails: Applications . Arkhivirovano 30 aprelia 2012 goda.
  6. | Meet the Developers . GitHub. Data obrashcheniia: 20 ianvaria 2009. Arkhivirovano 23 noiabria 2008 goda.
  7. | <> . Data obrashcheniia: 11 iiulia 2011. Arkhivirovano 21 aprelia 2014 goda.
  8. | Plans & Pricing . GitHub. Data obrashcheniia: 20 ianvaria 2009. Arkhivirovano 24 noiabria 2010 goda.
  9. | <> Data obrashcheniia: 7 aprelia 2009. Arkhivirovano 1 aprelia 2009 goda.
  10. | <> Data obrashcheniia: 29 maia 2009. Arkhivirovano iz originala 5 aprelia 2006 goda.
  11. | The Fork Queue -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 4 oktiabria 2011. Arkhivirovano 27 maia 2010 goda.
  12. | What is the story behind Github's octocat mascot? na Quora, otvet PJ Hyett.
  13. | A bright future for GitHub | The GitHub Blog . Data obrashcheniia: 4 iiunia 2018. Arkhivirovano 6 iiunia 2018 goda.
  14. | Microsoft + GitHub = Empowering Developers -- The Official Microsoft Blog . Data obrashcheniia: 4 iiunia 2018. Arkhivirovano 6 iiunia 2018 goda.
  15. | Microsoft to acquire GitHub for $7.5 billion | Stories . Data obrashcheniia: 4 iiunia 2018. Arkhivirovano 4 iiunia 2018 goda.
  16. | Creating files on GitHub * GitHub Blog . Data obrashcheniia: 29 ianvaria 2013. Arkhivirovano 23 dekabria 2012 goda.
  17. | Announcing SVN Support -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 12 oktiabria 2011. Arkhivirovano 21 noiabria 2016 goda.
  18. | Subversion Write Support -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 12 oktiabria 2011. Arkhivirovano 6 marta 2017 goda.
  19. | Hg-Git plugin for Mercurial, adding the ability to push to and pull from a Git server repository from Mercurial . Data obrashcheniia: 28 sentiabria 2017. Arkhivirovano iz originala 16 marta 2013 goda.
  20. | Gem Building is Defunct -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 10 noiabria 2009. Arkhivirovano 9 dekabria 2009 goda.
  21. | GitHub Packages is generally available | GitHub Changelog (angl.). The GitHub Blog. Data obrashcheniia: 1 avgusta 2022. Arkhivirovano 1 avgusta 2022 goda.
  22. | GitHub Packages: Your packages, at home with their code (angl.). GitHub. Data obrashcheniia: 1 avgusta 2022. Arkhivirovano 31 iiulia 2022 goda.
  23. | GitHub Actions is generally available | GitHub Changelog (angl.). The GitHub Blog. Data obrashcheniia: 1 avgusta 2022. Arkhivirovano 25 oktiabria 2021 goda.
  24. | Features * GitHub Actions (angl.). GitHub. Data obrashcheniia: 1 avgusta 2022. Arkhivirovano 31 iiulia 2022 goda.
  25. | GitHub nachal blokirovat' rossiiskikh razrabotchikov . Data obrashcheniia: 9 sentiabria 2021. Arkhivirovano 9 sentiabria 2021 goda.
  26. | One Million -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 30 dekabria 2011. Arkhivirovano 26 sentiabria 2013 goda.
  27. | Those are some big numbers -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 30 dekabria 2011. Arkhivirovano 21 aprelia 2014 goda.
  28. | Build software better, together (angl.). GitHub. Data obrashcheniia: 3 maia 2017. Arkhivirovano 23 iiunia 2011 goda.
  29. | Congratulations To the Crunchies Winners; Facebook Takes Top Prize For Second Year . Data obrashcheniia: 28 sentiabria 2017. Arkhivirovano 30 iiulia 2017 goda.
  30. | Why Github can't host the Linux Kernel Community (angl.). Data obrashcheniia: 27 ianvaria 2021. Arkhivirovano 11 dekabria 2020 goda.
  31. | torvalds/linux (angl.). GitHub. Data obrashcheniia: 8 iiunia 2018. Arkhivirovano 4 iiunia 2018 goda.
  32. | Popular Watched Repositories -- GitHub Arkhivirovano 19 aprelia 2010 goda.
  33. | facebook's Profile -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 10 ianvaria 2010. Arkhivirovano 4 ianvaria 2017 goda.
  34. | twitter's Profile -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 19 marta 2012. Arkhivirovano 4 ianvaria 2017 goda.
  35. | palm's Profile -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 10 ianvaria 2010. Arkhivirovano 4 iiunia 2018 goda.
  36. | yahoo's Profile -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 10 ianvaria 2010. Arkhivirovano 4 ianvaria 2017 goda.
  37. | RedHat's Developer Profile -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 8 iiunia 2018. Arkhivirovano 5 fevralia 2019 goda.
  38. | Valve's Profile -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 30 aprelia 2013. Arkhivirovano 4 ianvaria 2017 goda.
  39. | Apple's Profile -- GitHub . Data obrashcheniia: 4 iiunia 2016. Arkhivirovano 12 ianvaria 2017 goda.
  40. | Arkhivirovannaia kopiia . Data obrashcheniia: 8 fevralia 2017. Arkhivirovano 14 fevralia 2017 goda.

Ssylki

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Klient-servernye
Svobodnoe
Proprietarnoe
Raspredelionnye
Svobodnoe
Fossil (2006)
Proprietarnoe
Khosting
Zakrytye khostingi
Nastol'nye
Klient -- servernye
Veb-servisy
Istochnik -- https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GitHub&oldid=150154912